Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2020

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 105, NWS Philadelphia/Mount Holly

July 6, 2020Bucks County, Montgomery County, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; Burlington County, Camden County, New Jersey

NWS Philadelphia/Mount Holly issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 6, 2020, 12:45 PM EDT for Bucks County, Montgomery County, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; Burlington County, Camden County, New Jersey. It was in force for 60 min. 19 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Jul 6, 2020, 12:45 PM EDT (16:45 UTC)
Expired
Jul 6, 2020, 1:45 PM EDT
In force
60 min
Issued by
NWS Philadelphia/Mount Holly
Area
Storm-based polygon
Hail
1.0 in
Wind
60.0 mph

Counties Burlington County, NJ, Camden County, NJ, Bucks County, PA, Montgomery County, PA, Philadelphia County, PA

The radar

The Philadelphia radar (KDIX), 51 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 16:49 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Jul 6, 12:51 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGRiverside, NJDOWNED WIRES NEAR RIVERSIDE TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL. TIME ESTIMATED FROM RADAR.
Jul 6, 12:55 PM EDTHAIL 0.88Northeast Philadelphia, PAREPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA WITH PHOTOS OF HAIL UP TO ABOUT NICKEL SIZE.
Jul 6, 12:56 PM EDTHAIL 0.751 Ese Northeast Philade, PAMPING REPORT.
Jul 6, 1:05 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGAndalusia, PATREE DOWN ON GREENDALE RD AT PARKDALE RD. TIME ESTIMATED FROM RADAR.
Jul 6, 1:10 PM EDTHAIL 0.25Eddington, PAREPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA.
Jul 6, 1:10 PM EDTHAIL 0.751 Nne Levittown, PAREPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA.
Jul 6, 1:15 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGBristol, PADOWNED WIRES ON MILL ST. TIME VERIFIED BY RADAR.
Jul 6, 1:15 PM EDTHAIL 0.25Bristol, PA
Jul 6, 1:15 PM EDTHAIL 0.25Bustleton, PAREPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA.
Jul 6, 1:15 PM EDTHAIL 0.88Penndel, PAREPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA.
Jul 6, 1:18 PM EDTTSTM WND DMG1 Ssw Wyncote, PADOWNED TREE ON GREEN VALLEY ROAD NEAR THORNBERRY ROAD IN WYNCOTE. TIME ESTIMATED FROM RADAR.
Jul 6, 1:20 PM EDTHAIL 1Fairless Hills, PAREPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA.
Jul 6, 1:20 PM EDTHAIL 1.25Levittown, PAHAIL OF A LITTLE OVER ONE INCH DIAMETER WITH SOME BRANCHES SNAPPING FROM TREES.
Jul 6, 1:25 PM EDTHAIL 1.75Levittown, PAREPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA WITH PHOTOS OF HAIL UP TO ABOUT GOLF BALL SIZE.
Jul 6, 1:26 PM EDTHAIL 0.25Florence, NJREPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA.
Jul 6, 1:29 PM EDTHAIL 1Bensalem, PASPOTTER NETWORK REPORT.
Jul 6, 1:35 PM EDTHAIL 1Levittown, PAREPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA WITH PHOTO.
Jul 6, 1:47 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGMount Holly, NJDOWNED WIRES NEAR GREEN STREET IN MOUNT HOLLY. TIME ESTIMATED FROM RADAR.
Jul 6, 1:53 PM EDTTSTM WND DMG1 E Lumberton, NJDOWNED TREE AND WIRES NEAR ASHLEY LANE IN LUMBERTON. TIME ESTIMATED FROM RADAR.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

The nearest sounding before it

Brookhaven, NY (KOKX), launched 12:00Z, 4.8 hours before the alert went out and 204 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Brookhaven, NY at 12:00Z on 2020-07-06Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 100 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Brookhaven, NY at 12:00Z on 2020-07-06The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 39 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
100 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-192 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1959 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
31 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
39 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
135 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
-0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

415 
WUUS51 KPHI 061645
SVRPHI
NJC005-007-PAC017-091-101-061745-
/O.NEW.KPHI.SV.W.0105.200706T1645Z-200706T1745Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ
1245 PM EDT Mon Jul 6 2020

The National Weather Service in Mount Holly NJ has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
  Northwestern Camden County in southern New Jersey...
  Northwestern Burlington County in southern New Jersey...
  Southeastern Montgomery County in southeastern Pennsylvania...
  Southeastern Bucks County in southeastern Pennsylvania...
  Northeastern Philadelphia County in southeastern Pennsylvania...

* Until 145 PM EDT.

* At 1245 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located over Holmesburg,
  or near Philadelphia, moving east at 15 mph.

  HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated.

  IMPACT...Minor damage to vehicles is possible. Wind damage to 
           roofs, siding, trees, and power lines is possible.

* Locations impacted include...
  Philadelphia, Camden, Bensalem, Willingboro, Lumberton, Florence,
  Burlington, Bristol, Mount Holly, Riverside, Palmyra, Jenkintown,
  Beverly, Rockledge, Tullytown, Langhorne, Bryn Athyn, Wissinoming,
  Feasterville-Trevose and Florence-Roebling.

This includes the following highways...
 New Jersey Turnpike between exits 5 and 6A.
 Pennsylvania Turnpike between mile markers 349 and 359.
 Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania between mile markers 22 and 40.
 Interstate 295 in New Jersey between mile markers 37 and 52.
 Interstate 676 in New Jersey near mile marker 4.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Protecting yourself from immediate threats to life and safety shall
take priority.  Whenever possible, as long as it does not cause
greater harm, all COVID-19 protective action guidance should be
followed.

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

In addition to large hail and damaging winds, frequent cloud to
ground lightning is occurring with this storm. Move indoors
immediately. Remember, if you can hear thunder, you are close enough
to be struck by lightning.

&&

LAT...LON 3994 7514 4007 7519 4023 7482 3993 7471
TIME...MOT...LOC 1645Z 254DEG 15KT 4005 7503 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

Gorse
3 follow-up statements
714 
WWUS51 KPHI 061659
SVSPHI

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ
1259 PM EDT Mon Jul 6 2020

NJC005-007-PAC017-091-101-061745-
/O.CON.KPHI.SV.W.0105.000000T0000Z-200706T1745Z/
Camden NJ-Burlington NJ-Montgomery PA-Bucks PA-Philadelphia PA-
1259 PM EDT Mon Jul 6 2020

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 145 PM EDT
FOR NORTHWESTERN CAMDEN...NORTHWESTERN BURLINGTON...SOUTHEASTERN
MONTGOMERY...SOUTHEASTERN BUCKS AND NORTHEASTERN PHILADELPHIA
COUNTIES...

At 1258 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located over Beverly, or 12
miles southwest of Trenton, moving east at 20 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Minor damage to vehicles is possible. Wind damage to roofs, 
         siding, trees, and power lines is possible.

Locations impacted include...
Philadelphia, Camden, Bensalem, Willingboro, Lumberton, Florence,
Burlington, Bristol, Mount Holly, Riverside, Palmyra, Jenkintown,
Beverly, Rockledge, Tullytown, Langhorne, Bryn Athyn, Wissinoming,
Feasterville-Trevose and Florence-Roebling.

This includes the following highways...
 New Jersey Turnpike between exits 5 and 6A.
 Pennsylvania Turnpike between mile markers 349 and 359.
 Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania between mile markers 24 and 40.
 Interstate 295 in New Jersey between mile markers 39 and 52.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Protecting yourself from immediate threats to life and safety shall
take priority.  Whenever possible, as long as it does not cause
greater harm, all COVID-19 protective action guidance should be
followed.

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm. Move
indoors immediately. Lightning is one of nature's leading killers.
Remember, if you can hear thunder, you are close enough to be struck
by lightning.

&&

LAT...LON 3996 7512 4007 7519 4023 7482 3993 7471
TIME...MOT...LOC 1658Z 252DEG 19KT 4008 7491 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

Gorse
309 
WWUS51 KPHI 061706
SVSPHI

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ
106 PM EDT Mon Jul 6 2020

NJC007-061715-
/O.CAN.KPHI.SV.W.0105.000000T0000Z-200706T1745Z/
Camden NJ-
106 PM EDT Mon Jul 6 2020

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHWESTERN CAMDEN COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...
    
The severe thunderstorm which prompted the warning has moved out of 
the warned area. Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.

LAT...LON 3999 7506 4009 7514 4023 7482 4000 7474
TIME...MOT...LOC 1705Z 246DEG 16KT 4011 7487 

$$

NJC005-PAC017-091-101-061745-
/O.CON.KPHI.SV.W.0105.000000T0000Z-200706T1745Z/
Burlington NJ-Montgomery PA-Bucks PA-Philadelphia PA-
106 PM EDT Mon Jul 6 2020

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 145 PM EDT
FOR NORTHWESTERN BURLINGTON...SOUTHEASTERN MONTGOMERY...SOUTHEASTERN
BUCKS AND NORTHEASTERN PHILADELPHIA COUNTIES...

At 105 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located over Bristol, or 9
miles southwest of Trenton, moving northeast at 20 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Minor damage to vehicles is possible. Wind damage to roofs, 
         siding, trees, and power lines is possible.

Locations impacted include...
Philadelphia, Bensalem, Willingboro, Florence, Burlington, Bristol,
Riverside, Palmyra, Jenkintown, Beverly, Rockledge, Tullytown,
Langhorne, Bryn Athyn, Wissinoming, Feasterville-Trevose,
Florence-Roebling, Northeast Philadelphia, Feasterville and Tacony.

This includes the following highways...
 New Jersey Turnpike between exits 5 and 6A.
 Pennsylvania Turnpike between mile markers 350 and 359.
 Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania between mile markers 27 and 40.
 Interstate 295 in New Jersey between mile markers 44 and 51.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Protecting yourself from immediate threats to life and safety shall
take priority.  Whenever possible, as long as it does not cause
greater harm, all COVID-19 protective action guidance should be
followed.

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm. Move
indoors immediately. Lightning is one of nature's leading killers.
Remember, if you can hear thunder, you are close enough to be struck
by lightning.

&&

LAT...LON 3999 7506 4009 7514 4023 7482 4000 7474
TIME...MOT...LOC 1705Z 246DEG 16KT 4011 7487 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

Gorse
874 
WWUS51 KPHI 061728
SVSPHI

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Mount Holly NJ
128 PM EDT Mon Jul 6 2020

NJC005-PAC017-091-101-061745-
/O.CON.KPHI.SV.W.0105.000000T0000Z-200706T1745Z/
Burlington NJ-Montgomery PA-Bucks PA-Philadelphia PA-
128 PM EDT Mon Jul 6 2020

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 145 PM EDT
FOR NORTHWESTERN BURLINGTON...SOUTHEASTERN MONTGOMERY...SOUTHEASTERN
BUCKS AND NORTHEASTERN PHILADELPHIA COUNTIES...

At 128 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located over Andalusia, or
10 miles east of Philadelphia, moving east at 10 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and penny size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Damage to roofs, siding, trees, and power lines is 
         possible.

Locations impacted include...
Philadelphia, Bensalem, Willingboro, Florence, Burlington, Bristol,
Riverside, Palmyra, Jenkintown, Beverly, Rockledge, Tullytown,
Langhorne, Bryn Athyn, Wissinoming, Feasterville-Trevose,
Florence-Roebling, Northeast Philadelphia, Feasterville and Tacony.

This includes the following highways...
 New Jersey Turnpike near exit 6A.
 Pennsylvania Turnpike between mile markers 350 and 359.
 Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania between mile markers 27 and 40.
 Interstate 295 in New Jersey between mile markers 47 and 51.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Protecting yourself from immediate threats to life and safety shall
take priority.  Whenever possible, as long as it does not cause
greater harm, all COVID-19 protective action guidance should be
followed.

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm. Move
indoors immediately. Lightning is one of nature's leading killers.
Remember, if you can hear thunder, you are close enough to be struck
by lightning.

&&

LAT...LON 3999 7506 4009 7514 4023 7482 4005 7477
TIME...MOT...LOC 1728Z 250DEG 10KT 4006 7495 

HAIL...0.75IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

Gorse

The office that day

Everything else NWS Philadelphia/Mount Holly issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jul 6, 3:16 AM EDTHeat AdvisoryPHIBucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia12 hr
Jul 6, 12:34 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementPHIPhiladelphia26 min
Jul 6, 12:52 PM EDTFlash Flood WatchPHIBucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia8 hr
Jul 6, 12:57 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIBucks, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia2 hr
Jul 6, 1:08 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningPHIBucks, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia4 hr
Jul 6, 1:15 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBucks60 min
Jul 6, 1:20 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementPHIMontgomery25 min
Jul 6, 1:24 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementPHIMonroe36 min
Jul 6, 1:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBucks, Montgomery, Philadelphia62 min
Jul 6, 1:44 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementPHIMontgomery31 min
Jul 6, 1:50 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIBerks, Chester, Montgomery4 hr
Jul 6, 1:50 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIMonroe40 min
Jul 6, 2:02 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIBucks118 min
Jul 6, 2:04 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBucks, Montgomery41 min
Jul 6, 2:10 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIMonroe2 hr
Jul 6, 2:18 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementPHIMontgomery27 min
Jul 6, 2:27 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIMontgomery48 min
Jul 6, 2:28 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIMonroe28 min
Jul 6, 2:39 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIBucks, Chester, Montgomery4 hr
Jul 6, 2:39 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBucks, Montgomery, Philadelphia66 min
Jul 6, 2:41 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBucks, Montgomery49 min
Jul 6, 2:48 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIPhiladelphia4 hr
Jul 6, 2:51 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIChester, Delaware, Montgomery24 min
Jul 6, 2:57 PM EDTFlash Flood Warning EmergencyCatastrophic damage threatPHIBucks, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia4 hr
Jul 6, 3:00 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBucks, Northampton45 min
Jul 6, 3:11 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIChester, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia49 min
Jul 6, 3:38 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBucks, Lehigh, Northampton52 min
Jul 6, 3:52 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIChester, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia38 min
Jul 6, 3:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHICarbon, Lehigh, Monroe, Northampton64 min
Jul 6, 4:06 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHILehigh24 min
Jul 6, 4:07 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningPHIChester, Delaware, Montgomery4 hr
Jul 6, 4:31 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBerks, Lehigh, Monroe, Northampton44 min
Jul 6, 4:51 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHICarbon, Monroe114 min
Jul 6, 5:00 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBerks, Carbon, Lehigh, Monroe, Northampton45 min
Jul 6, 5:01 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIBerks, Carbon, Lehigh, Monroe, Northampton119 min
Jul 6, 5:14 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIChester61 min
Jul 6, 5:17 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBerks, Bucks, Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton43 min
Jul 6, 5:20 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIChester, Delaware42 min
Jul 6, 5:29 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIChester46 min
Jul 6, 5:43 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIChester, Delaware3 hr
Jul 6, 5:53 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBerks, Bucks, Chester, Lehigh, Montgomery52 min
Jul 6, 6:13 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIChester48 min
Jul 6, 6:14 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIBerks, Chester, Montgomery3 hr
Jul 6, 6:18 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBerks, Chester, Montgomery35 min
Jul 6, 6:54 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningPHIBerks, Chester, Montgomery109 min
Jul 6, 7:18 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIMonroe36 min
Jul 6, 7:36 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIChester69 min
Jul 6, 1:52 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementPHIOcean23 min
Jul 6, 2:00 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBurlington, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean75 min
Jul 6, 2:46 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI89 min
Jul 6, 2:51 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIMiddlesex, Monmouth39 min
Jul 6, 3:14 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIMonmouth, Ocean46 min
Jul 6, 3:18 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIMiddlesex, Somerset42 min
Jul 6, 3:34 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIMiddlesex, Monmouth, Somerset116 min
Jul 6, 3:36 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIAtlantic, Burlington, Ocean54 min
Jul 6, 3:36 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIHunterdon, Morris, Somerset39 min
Jul 6, 3:44 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI61 min
Jul 6, 3:44 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI61 min
Jul 6, 3:47 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningPHIMiddlesex, Morris, Somerset4 hr
Jul 6, 3:47 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIAtlantic, Camden, Cumberland, Gloucester, Salem58 min
Jul 6, 4:41 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI64 min
Jul 6, 4:45 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI41 min
Jul 6, 4:45 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIAtlantic, Cape May, Cumberland, Salem60 min
Jul 6, 4:58 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI62 min
Jul 6, 5:24 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryPHIAtlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester and 2 more4 hr
Jul 6, 5:39 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI66 min
Jul 6, 5:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIAtlantic, Cape May, Cumberland47 min
Jul 6, 5:57 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI63 min
Jul 6, 6:00 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHISalem60 min
Jul 6, 6:43 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI44 min
Jul 6, 6:56 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningPHI47 min
Jul 6, 7:55 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementPHISussex50 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Pennsylvania, 2020Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in New Jersey, 2020Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2020

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.