Flash Flood Warning 10, NWS Rapid City, SD

Area Forecast Discussion For Western SD and Northeastern WY
National Weather Service Rapid City SD
516 PM MDT Tue Jul 17 2018

.DISCUSSION...(This Evening Through Tuesday)
Issued at 152 PM MDT Tue Jul 17 2018

A complex series of shortwaves and vorticity maxima are gradually
shifting eastward through the northern Rockies and into the
northern High Plains this afternoon. The main impulse of interest
for our area is crossing the Bighorn Mountains, where isolated
thunderstorms have developed. Meanwhile, owing to upslope flow and
anomalously high moisture content, isolated thunderstorms are
ongoing over the Black Hills.

As the rather disorganized vort max moves eastward through MT/WY
this afternoon, should continue to see development of convection
near and east of the Bighorns. Given CAPE on the order of
1500-2500 J/kg, deep-layer bulk shear of 30-40 kt, and fairly
straight-line hodographs, think we could see a mix of supercells
and multicells across northeast WY. Through supercell splits,
merging outflows (aided by fairly high LCLs), and increased
forcing for ascent as the shortwave approaches, should see upscale
growth into an MCS as the afternoon goes on. Will also have to
monitor the potential for another discrete supercell or two this
afternoon over the northern/central Black Hills given localized
upslope flow and lengthened low-level hodographs. Primary threat
in supercells would be large hail, with straight-line winds
becoming the primary threat following upscale growth into an MCS.
Borderline 0-3 km bulk shear may limit eastward progression of the
MCS into SD overnight, but remaining convection could be
reinvigorated as LLJ kicks in after 00z. Flash flooding potential
will also be a concern this afternoon through early Wednesday,
which is addressed in more detail in the Hydrology section below.

The main shortwave shifts into central ND/SD by Wednesday afternoon,
which should spell the end of convection for our western zones as
subsidence overspreads the area. However, as north/northwestern
extent of unstable axis remains over the SD plains, paired with
plentiful deep-layer bulk shear, cannot rule out a few strong to
severe storms over this area tomorrow. Coverage should overall be
limited compared to this afternoon/evening.

Fairly high confidence forecast over the second half of the week,
with most guidance suggesting a building upper ridge over the
eastern Rockies/western High Plains as an elongated surface high
noses southward into the Northern Plains from Canada. This should
facilitate drier conditions through the remainder of the work
week, along with near-normal temperatures. Warmest day should be
Saturday as ridge axis settles overhead. Timing of the next trough
varies somewhat among model solutions, but generally suspect to
see its first impacts by late Saturday or early Sunday.

&&

.AVIATION...(For the 00Z TAFS Through 00Z Wednesday Evening)
Issued At 513 PM MDT Tue Jul 17 2018

TSRA with MVFR/local IFR conditions will spread east across the
region this evening, ending across northeast WY and the Black
Hills by midnight but continuing on the SD plains overnight. Strong
to severe storms will be possible. Additionally, heavy rainfall
will be possible with any storms. Storms will shift into central
SD Wednesday morning.

&&

.HYDROLOGY...
Issued at 152 PM MDT Tue Jul 17 2018

Anomalously high PWATs and fairly slow storm movement late this
afternoon into the overnight will contribute to locally heavy
rainfall over portions of the area, increasing concerns for flash
flooding. The Flash Flood Watch has been expanded to include
Oglala Lakota County through the overnight period, with a mature
MCS expected to cross at least southern portions of the county
late tonight. The threat for heavy rainfall will diminish by
Wednesday morning as lingering showers and thunderstorms shift
southward and eastward.

&&

.UNR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
SD...Flash Flood Watch until midnight MDT tonight for SDZ024-028.

     Flash Flood Watch through late tonight for SDZ012-025>027-029-
     030-041-042-072-074.

WY...Flash Flood Watch until midnight MDT tonight for WYZ054>058-071.

&&

DISCUSSION...Sherburn
AVIATION...Johnson
HYDROLOGY...Sherburn

Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Rapid City SD
622 AM MDT Tue Jul 17 2018

SDZ012-024>031-041-042-072>074-WYZ054>058-071-181300-
Butte-Northern Black Hills-Northern Foot Hills-Rapid City-
Southern Foot Hills-Central Black Hills-Southern Black Hills-
Custer Co Plains-Pennington Co Plains-Fall River-Oglala Lakota-
Sturgis/Piedmont Foot Hills-Southern Meade Co Plains-
Hermosa Foot Hills-Northern Campbell-Southern Campbell-
Western Crook-Wyoming Black Hills-Weston-Northeastern Crook-
622 AM MDT Tue Jul 17 2018

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of northwestern
South Dakota...southwestern South Dakota...the Black Hills of
South Dakota...northeast Wyoming...and the Black Hills of
Wyoming.

.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight

Scattered thunderstorms are possible late this afternoon through
tonight. Some severe storms are possible, with large hail and
damaging winds the primary threats. Locally heavy rainfall will
also be possible this afternoon and overnight.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday

Showers and thunderstorms will persist through Wednesday. Severe
thunderstorms are not anticipated at this time.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation will not be needed today.

&&

Stay tuned to NOAA weather radio for further updates...or check
our web site at weather.gov/rapidcity

SDZ001-002-013-014-032-043-044-046-047-049-181300-
Harding-Perkins-Northern Meade Co Plains-Ziebach-Haakon-Jackson-
Bennett-Mellette-Todd-Tripp-
622 AM MDT Tue Jul 17 2018 /722 AM CDT Tue Jul 17 2018/

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of western South
Dakota.

.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight

Scattered showers and thunderstorms are possible tonight. Severe
thunderstorms are not anticipated at this time.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday

Showers and thunderstorms will persist on Wednesday. Strong to
severe thunderstorms will be possible across central portions of
South Dakota.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation will not be needed today.

&&

Stay tuned to NOAA weather radio for further updates...or check
our web site at weather.gov/rapidcity

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