Alert archive / Georgia / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2018
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 255, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 21, 2018, 9:26 PM EDT for Elbert County, Georgia; Abbeville County, South Carolina. It was in force for 31 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 21, 2018, 9:26 PM EDT (01:26 UTC)
- Expired
- Jul 21, 2018, 9:57 PM EDT
- In force
- 31 min
- Issued by
- NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 1.25 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
Counties Elbert County, GA, Abbeville County, SC
The radar
The Greer radar (KGSP), 105 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 01:26 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 21, 9:55 PM EDT | TSTM WND DMG | 7 Ssw Calhoun Falls, GA | SEVERAL TREES BLOWN DOWN ACROSS BRAD DIXON ROAD. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 29 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 21, 5:42 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 8 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Peachtre/Fal Fld, GA (KFFC), launched 00:00Z, 1.4 hours before the alert went out and 183 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 2306 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -28 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 902 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 37 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -14 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 136 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.2
- Supercell composite
- 1.5
The text
As transmitted.
795
WUUS52 KGSP 220126
SVRGSP
GAC105-SCC001-220215-
/O.NEW.KGSP.SV.W.0255.180722T0126Z-180722T0215Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
926 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
The National Weather Service in Greenville-Spartanburg has issued a
* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
Southern Elbert County in northeastern Georgia...
Southern Abbeville County in Upstate South Carolina...
* Until 1015 PM EDT.
* At 925 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 10 miles southwest
of Elberton, or 4 miles southeast of Carlton, moving east at 45
mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and half dollar size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated. Additionally this storm produced golf
ball size hail as it moved through Athens earlier.
IMPACT...Minor hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind
damage to trees and power lines.
* Locations impacted include...
Calhoun Falls, Nancy Hart State Park, Bobby Brown State Park, Lake
Strom Thurmond, Fortsonia, Sweet City, Rice Town, Middleton and
Lake Russell.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Large hail can cause major property damage, especially to vehicles.
Strong winds may blow down a few trees and power lines. Seek shelter
inside an interior room.
Lake Russell is in the path of this storm. Get away from the water
and seek shelter in an interior room in the nearest shelter. If you
can hear thunder, you are close enough to be struck by lightning.
Please report damaging winds, hail, or flooding to the National
Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg by calling toll free, 1, 800,
2 6 7, 8 1 0 1, or by posting on our Facebook page, or Tweet it using
hashtag nwsgsp. Your message should describe the event and the
specific location where it occurred.
&&
LAT...LON 3398 8261 3397 8264 3399 8265 3397 8278
3399 8283 3398 8286 3401 8291 3401 8294
3403 8294 3404 8298 3408 8302 3413 8234
3406 8234 3406 8244 3408 8248 3407 8253
3401 8260 3396 8257
TIME...MOT...LOC 0125Z 268DEG 41KT 3399 8297
HAIL...1.25IN
WIND...60MPH
$$
081 follow-up statement
783
WWUS52 KGSP 220157
SVSGSP
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
957 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
GAC105-SCC001-220206-
/O.CAN.KGSP.SV.W.0255.000000T0000Z-180722T0215Z/
Elbert GA-Abbeville SC-
957 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHERN ELBERT AND SOUTHERN
ABBEVILLE COUNTIES IS CANCELLED...
The storm which prompted the warning has weakened below severe
limits, and no longer poses an immediate threat to life or property.
Therefore the warning has been cancelled.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 200 AM EDT for
northeastern Georgia...and Upstate South Carolina.
If you observed large hail or wind damage, please report it to the
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg by calling toll free,
1, 800, 2 6 7, 8 1 0 1, or by posting on our Facebook page, or Tweet
it using hashtag nwsgsp. Your message should describe the event and
the specific location where it occurred.
LAT...LON 3398 8261 3397 8264 3399 8265 3397 8278
3399 8283 3398 8286 3401 8291 3401 8294
3403 8294 3404 8298 3408 8302 3413 8234
3406 8234 3406 8244 3408 8248 3407 8253
3401 8260 3396 8257
TIME...MOT...LOC 0155Z 268DEG 41KT 3400 8253
$$
08What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 21, 7:38 PM EDT, 1 hour 48 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 21, 7:38 PM EDT, 1 hour 48 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
738 PM EDT Sat Jul 21 2018
.SYNOPSIS...
A broad upper low will settle across the Deep South through early
next week. This low will remain nearly stationary through midweek
and support moist unsettled weather across the region.
&&
.NEAR TERM /THROUGH SUNDAY/...
As of 730 PM EDT Saturday: Several storms out there at update time
and have adjusted pops to account for current trends and CAM
forecasts over the next few hours. Increased pops for Sunday as well
based on updated trends along the Blue Ridge. Other updates this
evening are for aviation parameters.
Otherwise, water vapor imagery and RAP heights placed the 500 mb
closed low center near the IL/IN/MI border this afternoon, with
drier mid-level air wrapping around the associated trough and across
the western Carolinas and northeast Georgia. Very good insolation
developed late this morning into this afternoon behind the departing
daybreak rain areas, and LAPS surface based CAPE values have
gradually returned to 1500 to 2500 J/kg across northeast GA and the
western Upstate. RAP and NAM profiles are very unstable this
afternoon, especially across our southern parts, where sbCAPE values
reach some 3000 to 4000 J/kg. The convection-allowing models have
not been terribly consistent on placement or timing, but the general
consensus is that enough triggering will take place as vorticity
lobes round the trough axis to generate scattered to numerous
thunderstorms later this afternoon and this evening. These
thunderstorms will grow in an enviroment with 7+ deg C/km mid-level
lapse rates and approximately 30 to 35 kt of sfc-6 km bulk shear.
This should be sufficient to warrant a Slight risk of severe
thunderstorms across our southern half, with a Marginal risk across
the northern part. Rotating updrafts will support mainly a damaging
wind and large hail threat. The consensus HRRR/NAMnest solution has
mountain triggering overcoming a weak cap circa 19Z, with activity
then developing and spreading quickly east of the mountains through
evening, moving east of the I-77 corridor by midnight. PoPs will
generally follow this trend.
Otherwise, the vertically stacked low pressure system will slowly
pivot southward toward the Ohio River Valley later tonight through
Sunday. Q-vector divergence will continue east of the deepening
trough axis mainly along the I-40 corridor. Reasonably steep 6 to
6.5 deg C/km lapse rates continue on Sunday east of the upper
trough. This will warrant at scattered south to numerous north
coverage again, with mainly a diurnal focus Sunday afternoon.
Temperatures should be at least a category below climo Sunday
afternoon.
&&
.SHORT TERM /SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY/...
As of 130 PM EDT Saturday: Active weather is likely to continue for
the period from Sunday night through Tuesday. The synoptic scale
feature of interest acrs the eastern CONUS will be the slowly
filling and southward sinking closed upper low. With the mean
southerly flow atop the region deepening on Monday, expect an influx
of higher PWAT values leading to numerous if not widespread
diurnally enhanced deep convection with a heavy rain possibility
especially from the Blue Ridge to the piedmont. Widespread clouds
and showers should aid in max temperatures topping out around 5 deg
F below climo. It does not look like the sensible wx will change
very much through Tuesday, lingering rich PWAT values and a broad
SSEly flow feeding moisture into the Southern Appalachians. Expect
another day of deep convection becoming numerous to widespread with
the ongoing chance of locally excessive rainfall.
&&
.LONG TERM /TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY/...
As of 115 PM Saturday: A weakening ulvl trof will linger over the
region thru the first half of the ext range before becoming sheared
out Fri into Sat. This synoptic scenario is well agreed upon by the
op models with the GFS holding onto a pocket of stronger vort energy
a little longer into Fri. At the sfc...broad low pressure will allow
for continued e/ly Atl moist flux early Wed before the deep layered
flow calms and becomes sw/ly in the lower levels Wed night thru the
period. This will lower any flooding potential as sustained mech lift
is reduced...however PWAT values will remain quite high allowing for
high rainfall rates associated with afternoon pulse convec. With
high cloud cover and decent coverage of precip...max temps will
remain a cat or so below normal with normal levels likely returning
Fri/Sat. Mins will remain a little abv normal each morning.
&&
.AVIATION /00Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/...
At KCLT and Elsewhere: Widespread convection coming off the Blue
Ridge this evening has so far missed most of the TAF sites, though
GSP is showing VCTS and got pretty close to KHKY. Have continued
VCTS or TEMPO TSRA for the next few hours, trending into VFR
overnight. Increasing moisture may lead to a brief period of MVFR
cigs around sunrise, but the bigger concern will be the increasing
chances of convection on Sunday. Have introduced PROB30s where there
wasn't one before and expanded the one previously introduced for
KCLT. Expect mainly southwest winds, with low end gusts at times,
and a shift to NW flow at KAVL late.
Outlook: An active/wet period is expected to continue from late
Sunday through the middle part of next week as a slow-moving storm
system impacts much of the East. Numerous showers and thunderstorms
are expected during this period. While there will likely be an
afternoon/evening peak in coverage on most days, higher-than-normal
chances will also exist during the overnight and morning hours.
Confidence Table...
23-05Z 05-11Z 11-17Z 17-18Z
KCLT High 100% High 100% Med 66% High 100%
KGSP High 100% High 100% High 94% High 100%
KAVL High 100% Med 75% Med 64% High 100%
KHKY High 100% High 100% Med 75% High 100%
KGMU High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
KAND High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
The percentage reflects the number of guidance members agreeing
with the scheduled TAF issuance flight rule category. Complete hourly
experimental aviation forecast consistency tables and ensemble forecasts
are available at the following link:
www.weather.gov/gsp/aviation
&&
.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...None.
NC...None.
SC...None.
&&
SYNOPSIS...SBK
NEAR TERM...HG/TDP
SHORT TERM...CSH
LONG TERM...SBK
AVIATION...TDPHazardous weather outlook, Jul 21, 5:50 PM EDT, 3 hours 36 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC 550 PM EDT Sat Jul 21 2018 GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ068>070-507>510-SCZ001>014-019-222200- Rabun-Habersham-Stephens-Franklin-Hart-Elbert-Cleveland-Lincoln- Gaston-Rutherford Mountains-Greater Rutherford-Polk Mountains- Eastern Polk-Oconee Mountains-Pickens Mountains-Greenville Mountains- Greater Oconee-Greater Pickens-Greater Greenville-Spartanburg- Cherokee-York-Anderson-Abbeville-Laurens-Union-Chester-Greenwood- 550 PM EDT Sat Jul 21 2018 ...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 300 IN EFFECT UNTIL 2 AM EDT SUNDAY... This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for northeast Georgia, piedmont North Carolina, western North Carolina and upstate South Carolina. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the Internet for more information about the following hazards. Severe Thunderstorm Watch. Thunderstorms will continue to develop and expand in coverage across the region into this evening. Some of these storms may become severe. The most likely hazards will be damaging winds, large hail, frequent lightning, and minor flooding from heavy rainfall. An isolated tornado will also be possible, mainly east of the Blue Ridge. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday. ..Sunday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. ..Monday...Heavy rain possible. A persistent moist southeasterly flow will increase the risk for heavy rainfall across the area starting late Monday and continuing through Wednesday. ..Tuesday...Heavy rain possible. ..Wednesday...Heavy rain possible. ..Thursday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. ..Friday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Skywarn spotters are requested to forward any reports of large hail, damaging winds, tornadoes, or flash flooding to our office. NCZ033-035>037-048>053-056>059-062>065-071-072-082-501>506-222200- Avery-Alexander-Iredell-Davie-Madison-Yancey-Mitchell-Swain-Haywood- Buncombe-Catawba-Rowan-Graham-Northern Jackson-Macon- Southern Jackson-Transylvania-Henderson-Mecklenburg-Cabarrus-Union- Caldwell Mountains-Greater Caldwell-Burke Mountains-Greater Burke- McDowell Mountains-Eastern McDowell- 550 PM EDT Sat Jul 21 2018 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for piedmont North Carolina and western North Carolina. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Thunderstorms will continue to develop and expand in coverage across the region into this evening. Some of these storms may become severe. The most likely hazards will be damaging winds, large hail, frequent lightning, and minor flooding from heavy rainfall. An isolated tornado will also be possible, mainly east of the Blue Ridge. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday. ..Sunday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. ..Monday...Heavy rain possible. A persistent moist southeasterly flow will increase the risk for heavy rainfall across the area starting late Monday and continuing through Wednesday. ..Tuesday...Heavy rain possible. ..Wednesday...Heavy rain possible. ..Thursday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. ..Friday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Skywarn spotters are requested to forward any reports of large hail, damaging winds, tornadoes, or flash flooding to our office.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Jul 21, 8:43 PM EDT, 43 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
843 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0836 PM TSTM WND DMG 4 NNE SALEM 34.94N 82.95W
07/21/2018 OCONEE SC FIRE DEPT/RESCUE
FIRE DEPT/RESCUE REPORTED A TREE DOWN BLOCKING
JOCASSEE LAKE RD. TIME ESTIMATED FROM RADAR.
&&
LECLocal storm report, Jul 21, 8:59 PM EDT, 27 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
859 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0640 PM HAIL 5 NE HICKORY 35.79N 81.26W
07/21/2018 E2.00 INCH CATAWBA NC SOCIAL MEDIA
&&
TPALMERLocal storm report, Jul 21, 9:05 PM EDT, 21 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
905 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0830 PM TSTM WND DMG 5 WNW SARATT 34.92N 81.63W
07/21/2018 CHEROKEE SC 911 CALL CENTER
911 CALL CENTER REPORTED TREES DOWN IN THE FAR
SOUTHERN PART OF CHEROKEE COUNTY. TIME ESTIMATED FROM
RADAR.
&&
LECLocal storm report, Jul 21, 9:05 PM EDT, 21 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
905 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0830 PM TSTM WND DMG 5 WNW SARATT 34.92N 81.63W
07/21/2018 CHEROKEE SC 911 CALL CENTER
911 CALL CENTER REPORTED TREES DOWN IN THE FAR
SOUTHERN PART OF CHEROKEE COUNTY. TIME ESTIMATED FROM
RADAR.
&&
LECSpecial weather statement, Jul 21, 9:08 PM EDT, 18 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
908 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
SCZ001-004>006-010-220145-
Greater Pickens SC-Greater Oconee SC-Anderson SC-Oconee Mountains SC-
Greater Greenville SC-
908 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT EAST CENTRAL GREENVILLE...
NORTHERN ANDERSON...SOUTHERN PICKENS AND SOUTHERN OCONEE COUNTIES
UNTIL 945 PM EDT...
At 908 PM EDT, Doppler radar indicated strong thunderstorms along a
line extending from near Easley to 10 miles northeast of Toccoa, and
moving southeast at 25 mph.
Locations to be impacted include...
Easley, Clemson, Seneca, Walhalla, Simpsonville, Welcome,
Powdersville, Piedmont, Central and Pendleton.
Wind gusts up to 45 mph and dime size hail will be possible in these
areas.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
The combination of gusty winds and saturated soil conditions will
cause scattered trees and power lines to fall. Seek shelter inside an
interior room.
Dime to nickel size hail can cause considerable damage to vehicles.
Consider moving vehicles to a covered storage area before the storm
arrives.
Torrential rainfall may flood areas with poor drainage, such as
ditches and underpasses. Avoid these areas and do not cross flooded
roads. Water levels of small streams may also rise rapidly. Seek
higher ground if threatened by flood waters.
&&
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 200 AM EDT for
northeastern Georgia...and Upstate South Carolina.
LAT...LON 3483 8290 3481 8290 3484 8284 3488 8260
3473 8221 3455 8311 3474 8333
TIME...MOT...LOC 0108Z 298DEG 22KT 3481 8259 3470 8323
08Local storm report, Jul 21, 9:22 PM EDT, 4 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
922 PM EDT SAT JUL 21 2018
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0650 PM TSTM WND DMG 1 SSW RUTHERFORDTON 35.35N 81.97W
07/21/2018 RUTHERFORD NC 911 CALL CENTER
911 CALL CENTER REPORTED TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN
NEAR RUTHERFORDTON. TIME ESTIMATED FROM RADAR.
&&
LECThe office that day
Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 21, 10:03 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Franklin, Hart | 42 min |
| Jul 21, 11:08 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Franklin, Hart | 52 min |
| Jul 21, 8:22 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Cherokee, Chester, Spartanburg, Union, York | 38 min |
| Jul 21, 8:27 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Anderson, Oconee, Pickens | 48 min |
| Jul 21, 9:05 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Anderson, Greenville | 40 min |
| Jul 21, 9:08 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Oconee | 37 min |
| Jul 21, 9:22 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Anderson, Oconee, Pickens | 38 min |
| Jul 21, 9:42 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Abbeville, Anderson, Greenville, Laurens | 48 min |
| Jul 21, 10:26 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Abbeville, Anderson, Greenwood, Laurens | 64 min |
| Jul 21, 10:33 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Laurens | 57 min |
| Jul 22, 2:21 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Greenville | 39 min |
| Jul 22, 3:06 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Spartanburg | 24 min |
| Jul 22, 3:24 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Greenville | 36 min |
| Jul 22, 4:47 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Cherokee | 28 min |
| Jul 22, 5:12 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | York | 33 min |
| Jul 22, 5:15 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Union | 30 min |
| Jul 22, 5:45 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Union, York | 45 min |
| Jul 22, 6:27 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Union | 33 min |
| Jul 22, 6:43 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Pickens | 32 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Georgia, 2018Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in South Carolina, 2018Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2018
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.