Alert archive / Indiana / Wind Chill Advisories in 2017

Wind Chill Advisory 2, NWS Northern Indiana

December 30, 201715 counties in Indiana

NWS Northern Indiana issued this wind chill advisory at Dec 30, 2017, 4:11 AM EST for 15 counties in Indiana. It took effect at Dec 30, 2017, 7:47 PM EST. It was in force for 13 hr.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Dec 30, 2017, 4:11 AM EST (09:11 UTC)
In effect from
Dec 30, 2017, 7:47 PM EST
Expired
Dec 31, 2017, 9:00 AM EST
In force
13 hr
Issued by
NWS Northern Indiana

Counties Adams County, IN, Blackford County, IN, Cass County, IN, Fulton County, IN, Grant County, IN, Huntington County, IN, Jay County, IN, Marshall County, IN, Miami County, IN, Pulaski County, IN, Starke County, IN, Wabash County, IN, Wells County, IN, White County, IN, Whitley County, IN

The radar

The Northern Indiana radar (KIWX), 59 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 09:14 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Cncnati-Daytn, OH (KILN), launched 00:00Z, 9.2 hours before the alert went out and 236 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Cncnati-Daytn, OH at 00:00Z on 2017-12-30Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Cncnati-Daytn, OH at 00:00Z on 2017-12-30The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 138 square meters per square second.1939587897117136Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
639 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
87 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
138 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
203 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

195 
WWUS43 KIWX 300911
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
411 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

MIZ077-301715-
/O.UPG.KIWX.WS.A.0003.171231T0300Z-180101T1800Z/
/O.NEW.KIWX.WS.W.0004.171231T0100Z-180101T0500Z/
Berrien-
Including the cities of Niles, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, 
Fair Plain, Benton Heights, Buchanan, and Paw Paw Lake
411 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 8 PM THIS EVENING TO
MIDNIGHT EST SUNDAY NIGHT...

* WHAT...Heavy lake effect snow expected. Plan on difficult 
  travel conditions. Total snow accumulations of 6 to 9 inches, 
  with localized amounts up to 11 inches, are expected.

* WHERE...Berrien County.

* WHEN...From 8 PM this evening to midnight EST Sunday night.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for significant reductions in 
  visibility at times.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Storm Warning for heavy lake effect snow means
significant amounts of lake effect snow are forecast that will
make travel very hazardous or impossible. If you must travel,
keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case
of an emergency. The latest road conditions for the state you are
calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$

INZ003-004-MIZ078-301715-
/O.UPG.KIWX.WS.A.0003.171231T0300Z-180101T1800Z/
/O.NEW.KIWX.WW.Y.0007.171231T0100Z-180101T0500Z/
La Porte-St. Joseph IN-Cass MI-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, South Bend, 
Mishawaka, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Dowagiac, Cassopolis, 
and Marcellus
411 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017 /311 AM CST Sat Dec 30 2017/

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 8 PM EST /7 PM CST/
THIS EVENING TO MIDNIGHT EST /11 PM CST/ SUNDAY NIGHT...

* WHAT...Lake effect snow expected. Plan on slippery road
  conditions. Total snow accumulations of 2 to 4 inches, with
  localized higher amounts.

* WHERE...In Indiana, La Porte and St. Joseph IN Counties. In 
  Michigan, Cass MI County.

* WHEN...From 8 PM EST /7 PM CST/ this evening to midnight EST 
  /11 PM CST/ Sunday night.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for reduced visibilities at 
  times.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Weather Advisory for lake effect snow means lake effect
snow is forecast that will make travel difficult in some areas.
Use caution when traveling. The latest road conditions for the
state you are calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$

INZ012>016-020-022>026-032>034-301715-
/O.NEW.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.171231T0300Z-171231T1300Z/
Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-Fulton IN-Kosciusko-White-Cass IN-Miami-
Wabash-Huntington-Wells-Grant-Blackford-Jay-
Including the cities of Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Warsaw, Winona Lake, Syracuse, Mentone, Monticello, Monon,
Brookston, Logansport, Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, 
Wabash, North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, 
Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, Portland, 
and Dunkirk
411 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017 /311 AM CST Sat Dec 30 2017/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM EST /9 PM CST/ THIS
EVENING TO 8 AM EST /7 AM CST/ SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. The cold wind chills will
  cause frostbite in as little as 30 minutes to exposed skin.
  Expect wind chills to range from around 15 below zero to 20 
  below zero.

* WHERE...Portions of northern Indiana.

* WHEN...From 10 PM EST /9 PM CST/ this evening to 8 AM EST /7 
  AM CST/ Sunday.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Bitterly cold temperatures and wind chill
  indices the next few night are likely to prompt additional 
  advisories and possible warning the next several nights. 


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Chill Advisory means that cold air and the wind will
combine to create low wind chills. Frost bite and hypothermia can
occur if precautions are not taken. Make sure you wear a hat and
gloves.

$$
4 follow-up statements
380 
WWUS43 KIWX 301442
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
942 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

MIZ077-302245-
/O.CON.KIWX.WS.W.0004.171231T0100Z-180101T0500Z/
Berrien-
Including the cities of Niles, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, 
Fair Plain, Benton Heights, Buchanan, and Paw Paw Lake
942 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 PM THIS EVENING
TO MIDNIGHT EST SUNDAY NIGHT...

* WHAT...Heavy lake effect snow expected. Plan on difficult travel
  conditions. Total snow accumulations of 6 to 9 inches are
  expected with localized higher amounts in excess of 10 inches.

* WHERE...Berrien County.

* WHEN...From 8 PM this evening to midnight EST Sunday night.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for significant reductions in
  visibility at times. Snowfall rates of 2 inches per hour are
  possible with the heavier lake effect snow showers.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Storm Warning for heavy lake effect snow means
significant amounts of lake effect snow are forecast that will
make travel very hazardous or impossible. If you must travel,
keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case
of an emergency. The latest road conditions for the state you are
calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$

INZ003-004-MIZ078-302245-
/O.CON.KIWX.WW.Y.0007.171231T0100Z-180101T0500Z/
La Porte-St. Joseph IN-Cass MI-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, South Bend, 
Mishawaka, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Dowagiac, Cassopolis, 
and Marcellus
942 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017 /842 AM CST Sat Dec 30 2017/

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 PM EST /7 PM
CST/ THIS EVENING TO MIDNIGHT EST /11 PM CST/ SUNDAY NIGHT...

* WHAT...Lake effect snow expected. Plan on slippery road
  conditions. Total snow accumulations of 3 to 7 inches are
  expected with locally higher amounts possible. 

* WHERE...In Indiana, La Porte and St. Joseph IN Counties. In
  Michigan, Cass MI County. The heaviest snow accumulations are
  expected across northern La Porte, northern St. Joseph IN, and
  western Cass MI counties.

* WHEN...From 8 PM EST /7 PM CST/ this evening to midnight EST 
  /11 PM CST/ Sunday night.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for reduced visibilities at
  times. Snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour are possible 
  with heavier lake effect snow bands. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Weather Advisory for lake effect snow means lake effect
snow is forecast that will make travel difficult in some areas.
Use caution when traveling. The latest road conditions for the
state you are calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$

INZ012>016-020-022>026-032>034-302245-
/O.CON.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.171231T0300Z-171231T1300Z/
Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-Fulton IN-Kosciusko-White-Cass IN-Miami-
Wabash-Huntington-Wells-Grant-Blackford-Jay-
Including the cities of Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Warsaw, Winona Lake, Syracuse, Mentone, Monticello, Monon,
Brookston, Logansport, Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, 
Wabash, North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, 
Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, Portland, 
and Dunkirk
942 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017 /842 AM CST Sat Dec 30 2017/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM EST /9 PM
CST/ THIS EVENING TO 8 AM EST /7 AM CST/ SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. The cold wind chills 
  will cause frostbite in as little as 30 minutes to exposed 
  skin. Expect wind chills to range from 10 below zero to 15 
  below zero.

* WHERE...Portions of northern Indiana.

* WHEN...From 10 PM EST /9 PM CST/ this evening to 8 AM EST /7 
  AM CST/ Sunday.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS....Bitterly cold temperatures and wind chill
  indices the next few night are likely to prompt additional 
  advisories and possible warning the next several nights. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Chill Advisory means that cold air and the wind will
combine to create low wind chills. Frost bite and hypothermia can
occur if precautions are not taken. Make sure you wear a hat and
gloves.

$$
964 
WWUS43 KIWX 302045
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
345 PM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

MIZ077-310445-
/O.CON.KIWX.WS.W.0004.171231T0100Z-180101T0500Z/
Berrien-
Including the cities of Niles, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, 
Fair Plain, Benton Heights, Buchanan, and Paw Paw Lake
345 PM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 PM THIS EVENING
TO MIDNIGHT EST SUNDAY NIGHT...

* WHAT...Heavy lake effect snow expected. Plan on difficult travel
  conditions. Total snow accumulations of 6 to 9 inches are
  expected with localized amounts closer to one foot possible.

* WHERE...Berrien County.

* WHEN...From 8 PM this evening to midnight EST Sunday night. The
  heaviest lake effect snow showers are expected late tonight
  through Sunday evening.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for significant reductions in
  visibility at times. Visibilities may approach zero due to
  periods of heavy snow. Snowfall rates of 2 inches per hour are
  possible with the heavier lake effect snow showers.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Storm Warning for heavy lake effect snow means
significant amounts of lake effect snow are forecast that will
make travel very hazardous or impossible. If you must travel,
keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case
of an emergency. The latest road conditions for the state you are
calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$

INZ003-004-MIZ078-310445-
/O.CON.KIWX.WW.Y.0007.171231T0100Z-180101T0500Z/
La Porte-St. Joseph IN-Cass MI-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, South Bend, 
Mishawaka, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Dowagiac, Cassopolis, 
and Marcellus
345 PM EST Sat Dec 30 2017 /245 PM CST Sat Dec 30 2017/

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 8 PM EST /7 PM
CST/ THIS EVENING TO MIDNIGHT EST /11 PM CST/ SUNDAY NIGHT...

* WHAT...Lake effect snow expected. Plan on slippery road
  conditions. Total snow accumulations of 4 to 7 inches, with 
  localized higher amounts.

* WHERE...In Indiana, La Porte and St. Joseph IN Counties. In
  Michigan, Cass MI County. The heaviest snow accumulations are
  expected across northern La Porte, northern St. Joseph IN, and
  western Cass MI counties.

* WHEN...From 8 PM EST /7 PM CST/ this evening to midnight EST /11
  PM CST/ Sunday night. The heaviest lake effect snow showers are
  expected late tonight through Sunday evening.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for reduced visibilities at
  times. Snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour are possible,
  especially Sunday and Sunday evening.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Weather Advisory for lake effect snow means lake effect
snow is forecast that will make travel difficult in some areas.
Use caution when traveling. The latest road conditions for the
state you are calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$

INZ012>016-020-022>026-032>034-310445-
/O.CON.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.171231T0300Z-171231T1300Z/
Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-Fulton IN-Kosciusko-White-Cass IN-Miami-
Wabash-Huntington-Wells-Grant-Blackford-Jay-
Including the cities of Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Warsaw, Winona Lake, Syracuse, Mentone, Monticello, Monon,
Brookston, Logansport, Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, 
Wabash, North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, 
Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, Portland, 
and Dunkirk
345 PM EST Sat Dec 30 2017 /245 PM CST Sat Dec 30 2017/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM EST /9 PM
CST/ THIS EVENING TO 8 AM EST /7 AM CST/ SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. The cold wind chills will
  cause frostbite in as little as 30 minutes to exposed skin.
  Expect wind chills to range from 10 below zero to 15 below 
  zero.

* WHERE...Portions of northern Indiana.

* WHEN...From 10 PM EST /9 PM CST/ this evening to 8 AM EST /7 
  AM CST/ Sunday.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Bitterly cold temperatures and wind chill
  indices the next few night are likely to prompt additional 
  advisories and possible warnings the next several nights. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Chill Advisory means that cold air and the wind will
combine to create low wind chills. Frost bite and hypothermia can
occur if precautions are not taken. Make sure you wear a hat and
gloves.

$$
826 
WWUS43 KIWX 310047
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
747 PM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

MIZ077-311000-
/O.CON.KIWX.WS.W.0004.171231T0100Z-180101T0500Z/
Berrien-
Including the cities of Niles, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, 
Fair Plain, Benton Heights, Buchanan, and Paw Paw Lake
747 PM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EST
SUNDAY NIGHT...

* WHAT...Heavy lake effect snow expected. Plan on difficult travel
  conditions. Total snow accumulations of 6 to 9 inches are
  expected with locally higher amounts around one foot possible.

* WHERE...Berrien County.

* WHEN...Until midnight EST Sunday night.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for significant reductions in 
  visibility at times.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Storm Warning for heavy lake effect snow means
significant amounts of lake effect snow are forecast that will
make travel very hazardous or impossible. If you must travel,
keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case
of an emergency. The latest road conditions for the state you are
calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$

INZ017-027-311000-
/O.EXB.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.171231T0047Z-171231T1400Z/
Whitley-Adams-
Including the cities of Columbia City, Tri-Lakes, South Whitley, 
Decatur, and Berne
747 PM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. The cold wind chills will
  cause frostbite in as little as 30 minutes to exposed skin.
  Expect wind chills to range from 5 below zero to 15 below zero.

* WHERE...Whitley and Adams Counties.

* WHEN...Until 9 AM EST Sunday.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Bitterly cold temperatures and wind chill
  indices are likely to prompt additional advisories and possible
  warnings the next several nights. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Chill Advisory means that cold air and the wind will
combine to create low wind chills. Frost bite and hypothermia can
occur if precautions are not taken. Make sure you wear a hat and
gloves.

$$

INZ012>016-020-022>026-032>034-311000-
/O.EXT.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.171231T0047Z-171231T1400Z/
Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-Fulton IN-Kosciusko-White-Cass IN-Miami-
Wabash-Huntington-Wells-Grant-Blackford-Jay-
Including the cities of Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Warsaw, Winona Lake, Syracuse, Mentone, Monticello, Monon,
Brookston, Logansport, Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, 
Wabash, North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, 
Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, Portland, 
and Dunkirk
747 PM EST Sat Dec 30 2017 /647 PM CST Sat Dec 30 2017/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST /8 AM CST/
SUNDAY...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. The cold wind chills 
  will cause frostbite in as little as 30 minutes to exposed 
  skin. Expect wind chills to range from 5 below zero to 20 
  below zero.

* WHERE...Portions of northern Indiana.

* WHEN...Until 9 AM EST /8 AM CST/ Sunday.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Bitterly cold temperatures and wind chill
  indices are likely to prompt additional advisories and possible
  warnings the next several nights. 


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Chill Advisory means that cold air and the wind will
combine to create low wind chills. Frost bite and hypothermia can
occur if precautions are not taken. Make sure you wear a hat and
gloves.

$$

INZ003-004-MIZ078-311000-
/O.CON.KIWX.WW.Y.0007.171231T0100Z-180101T0500Z/
La Porte-St. Joseph IN-Cass MI-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, South Bend, 
Mishawaka, New Carlisle, Walkerton, Dowagiac, Cassopolis, 
and Marcellus
747 PM EST Sat Dec 30 2017 /647 PM CST Sat Dec 30 2017/

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EST
/11 PM CST/ SUNDAY NIGHT...

* WHAT...Lake effect snow expected. Plan on slippery road
  conditions. Total snow accumulations of 4 to 7 inches, with
  locally higher amounts possible.

* WHERE...In Indiana, La Porte and St. Joseph IN Counties. In 
  Michigan, Cass MI County. The heaviest snow accumulations are
  expected across northern La Porte, northern St. Joseph IN, and
  western Cass MI counties.

* WHEN...Until midnight EST /11 PM CST/ Sunday night.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for reduced visibilities at
  times. Snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour are possible,
  especially Sunday and Sunday evening. Cold wind chills as low 
  as 15 below zero will cause frostbite in as little as 30 minutes
  to exposed skin.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Weather Advisory for lake effect snow means lake effect
snow is forecast that will make travel difficult in some areas.
Use caution when traveling. The latest road conditions for the
state you are calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$
458 
WWUS43 KIWX 310921
WSWIWX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
421 AM EST Sun Dec 31 2017

MIZ077-311730-
/O.CON.KIWX.WS.W.0004.000000T0000Z-180101T0500Z/
Berrien-
Including the cities of Niles, Benton Harbor, St. Joseph, 
Fair Plain, Benton Heights, Buchanan, and Paw Paw Lake
421 AM EST Sun Dec 31 2017

...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EST
TONIGHT...

* WHAT...Periods of moderate to locally heavy lake effect snow
  will continue. Plan on rapidly changing and difficult travel
  conditions. Additional snow accumulations of 4 to 7 inches are
  expected, but exact amounts will vary greatly from location to
  location. Locally higher accumulations in some locations. 

* WHERE...Berrien County.

* WHEN...Until midnight EST tonight. Heaviest snowfall expected
  this morning into this afternoon. 

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for significant reductions in
  visibility at times. Snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour
  can be expected at times. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Storm Warning for heavy lake effect snow means
significant amounts of lake effect snow are forecast that will
make travel very hazardous or impossible. If you must travel,
keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case
of an emergency. The latest road conditions for the state you are
calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$

INZ003-004-311730-
/O.NEW.KIWX.WC.Y.0003.180101T0300Z-180102T1700Z/
/O.CON.KIWX.WW.Y.0007.000000T0000Z-180101T0500Z/
La Porte-St. Joseph IN-
Including the cities of Michigan City, La Porte, South Bend, 
Mishawaka, New Carlisle, and Walkerton
421 AM EST Sun Dec 31 2017 /321 AM CST Sun Dec 31 2017/

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EST
/11 PM CST/ TONIGHT...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM EST /9 PM CST/ THIS
EVENING TO NOON EST /11 AM CST/ TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Lake effect snow occurring. Plan on rapidly changing and
  difficult travel conditions. Additional snow accumulations of 1
  to 3 inches, with localized amounts up to 6 inches, are 
  expected. Very cold wind chills expected. Expect wind chills to 
  range from 5 below zero to 25 below zero.

* WHERE...La Porte and St. Joseph IN Counties.

* WHEN...For the Winter Weather Advisory, until midnight EST /11 
  PM CST/ tonight. For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 10 PM EST 
  /9 PM CST/ this evening to noon EST /11 AM CST/ Tuesday.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for reduced visibilities at
  times. Snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour will be
  possible. The cold wind chills will cause frostbite in as little
  as 30 minutes to exposed skin. The greatest danger to those
  outdoors will occur tonight and again Monday night into Tuesday
  morning.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Weather Advisory for lake effect snow means lake effect
snow is forecast that will make travel difficult in some areas.
Use caution when traveling. The latest road conditions for the
state you are calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

A Wind Chill Advisory means that cold air and the wind will
combine to create low wind chills. Frost bite and hypothermia can
occur if precautions are not taken. Make sure you wear a hat and
gloves.

$$

INZ012>017-020-022>027-032>034-311730-
/O.NEW.KIWX.WC.Y.0003.180101T0300Z-180102T1700Z/
/O.CON.KIWX.WC.Y.0002.000000T0000Z-171231T1400Z/
Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-Fulton IN-Kosciusko-Whitley-White-Cass IN-
Miami-Wabash-Huntington-Wells-Adams-Grant-Blackford-Jay-
Including the cities of Knox, North Judson, Bass Lake, Winamac, 
Francesville, Medaryville, Plymouth, Bremen, Culver, Rochester, 
Akron, Warsaw, Winona Lake, Syracuse, Mentone, Columbia City, 
Tri-Lakes, South Whitley, Monticello, Monon, Brookston, 
Logansport, Royal Center, Peru, Grissom AFB, Mexico, Wabash, 
North Manchester, Huntington, Roanoke, Bluffton, Ossian, Decatur,
Berne, Marion, Gas City, Upland, Hartford City, Montpelier, 
Portland, and Dunkirk
421 AM EST Sun Dec 31 2017 /321 AM CST Sun Dec 31 2017/

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST /8 AM
CST/ THIS MORNING...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM EST /9 PM CST/ THIS
EVENING TO NOON EST /11 AM CST/ TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. The cold wind chills will
  cause frostbite in as little as 30 minutes to exposed skin.
  Expect wind chills to range from 10 below zero to 25 below zero. 

* WHERE...Portions of northern Indiana, with the coldest wind
  chills expected along and south of Route 30.

* WHEN...The Wind Chill Advisory remains in effect until 9 AM EST
  /8 AM CST/ this morning and will be in effect again from 10 PM 
  EST /9 PM CST/ this evening to noon EST /11 AM CST/ Tuesday.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS....The greatest danger to those outdoors will
  occur tonight and again Monday night into Tuesday morning.
  

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Chill Advisory means that cold air and the wind will 
combine to create low wind chills. Frost bite and hypothermia can 
occur if precautions are not taken. Make sure you wear a hat and 
gloves.

$$

INZ005>009-018-MIZ081-OHZ001-002-004-005-015-016-024-025-311730-
/O.NEW.KIWX.WC.Y.0003.180101T0300Z-180102T1700Z/
Elkhart-Lagrange-Steuben-Noble-De Kalb-Allen IN-Hillsdale-
Williams-Fulton OH-Defiance-Henry-Paulding-Putnam-Van Wert-
Allen OH-
Including the cities of Elkhart, Goshen, Nappanee, Lagrange, 
Topeka, Shipshewana, Angola, Fremont, Kendallville, Ligonier, 
Albion, Auburn, Garrett, Fort Wayne, New Haven, Hillsdale, 
Jonesville, Litchfield, Bryan, Montpelier, Edgerton, Wauseon, 
Archbold, Swanton, Delta, Defiance, Sherwood, Hicksville, 
Napoleon, Deshler, Liberty Center, Paulding, Antwerp, Payne, 
Ottawa, Leipsic, Columbus Grove, Continental, Pandora, Van Wert, 
Ohio City, Lima, Spencerville, and Bluffton
421 AM EST Sun Dec 31 2017

...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 10 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON
EST TUESDAY...

* WHAT...Very cold wind chills expected. The cold wind chills 
  will cause frostbite in as little as 30 minutes to exposed 
  skin. Expect wind chills to range from 10 below zero to 25 
  below zero.

* WHERE...Portions of northern Indiana, southwest Michigan and
  northwest Ohio with the coldest wind chills expected along and 
  south of Route 30.

* WHEN...From 10 PM this evening to noon EST Tuesday.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...The greatest danger to those outdoors will
  occur tonight and again Monday night into Tuesday morning.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Wind Chill Advisory means that cold air and the wind will
combine to create low wind chills. Frost bite and hypothermia can
occur if precautions are not taken. Make sure you wear a hat and
gloves.

$$

MIZ078-311730-
/O.CON.KIWX.WW.Y.0007.000000T0000Z-180101T0500Z/
Cass MI-
Including the cities of Dowagiac, Cassopolis, and Marcellus
421 AM EST Sun Dec 31 2017

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EST
TONIGHT...

* WHAT...Lake effect snow expected. Plan on slippery road
  conditions. Local snow accumulations of 2 to 4 inches are 
  expected.

* WHERE...Cass MI County.

* WHEN...Until midnight EST tonight. Greatest threat will occur
  this afternoon into this evening.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Be prepared for reduced visibilities at 
  times.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A Winter Weather Advisory for lake effect snow means lake effect
snow is forecast that will make travel difficult in some areas.
Use caution when traveling. The latest road conditions for the
state you are calling from can be obtained by calling 5 1 1.

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this wind chill advisory went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Northern Indiana wrote its last area forecast discussion before this wind chill advisory went out at Dec 30, 12:42 AM EST, 3 hours 29 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Dec 30, 12:42 AM EST, 3 hours 29 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
1242 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

.SYNOPSIS...
Issued at 637 PM EST Fri Dec 29 2017

Light to moderate snow will continue this evening across the
entire area but diminish overnight. Lake effect snow will then
develop and continue into early next week as another shot of
arctic air overspreads the region on Saturday. Significant lake
effect snow accumulations are possible this weekend into early
next week. Dangerous wind chills can also be expected Saturday
night through the early portions of next week.

&&

.SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Saturday)
Issued at 335 PM EST Fri Dec 29 2017

Busy weather to continue through the short term period with focus on
synoptic snow event tonight, lake enhancement/lake effect later
tonight/Saturday morning, followed by another arctic intrusion and
increasing wind during the day Saturday. Winter weather advisories
remain in effect through Saturday morning for imminent light snow
event, and a winter storm watch will be issued for northwest
portions of the area for potential significant lake effect snow
during the Saturday night-Monday period.

Highly sheared vort with an accompanying 150 knot jet streak across
the Northern Plains will continue to nose into the region this
evening. Some subtle low/mid level confluence downstream of this
wave will continue to interactive with tight thermal packing to
allow for light snow to overspread the area from northwest to
southeast. Observational trends and near term higher resolution
guidance has been pointing toward a slight southward displacement
to axis of heaviest snow, although previous forecast still appears
to be on track for the most part. Low level moisture is more
readily available in comparison to yesterday afternoon's system.
Instability above low/mid level fgen axis not overly impressive
with better signal on southern periphery of primary snow band.
This more favored area in terms of instability aloft should remain
south of the forecast area this evening, and thus not expecting
any localized banding to produce amounts much higher than
forecast. Will continue to carry 2 to 4 inch type accumulations
this evening (highest southwest of US 30). The interface of the
next arctic boundary should sag through the area in the 06Z-15Z
timeframe tonight. After some lake enhancement this evening, lake
effect snow showers should continue into Saturday, with veering
wind profiles behind this boundary allowing lake effect to affect
northwest/portions of north central Indiana. Snowfall
accumulations for lake effect areas in the 3 to 6 inch range still
appear reasonable through midday Saturday.

Given the prolonged snow showers due to lake effect and increasing
winds during the day Saturday via deepening mixing, will extend the
winter weather advisory until 18Z Saturday for LaPorte, St. Joseph
in northern Indiana and for Berrien and Cass in SW Lower
Michigan. Have also added St. Joseph Michigan to the current
advisory with increasing wind and 2 to 4 inch type accumulations
likely to pose some hazardous travel during the day Saturday.

Onset of stronger cold advection early Saturday will result in
steady or even slowly falling temperatures during the day. Wind
chills could flirt with near advisory criteria by early Saturday
evening across the far southwest away from lake effect clouds

&&

.LONG TERM...(Saturday Night through Friday)
Issued at 335 PM EST Fri Dec 29 2017

Significant lake effect snow and dangerous wind chills will be the
two primary themes of the long term. Lake effect snow showers should
be ongoing later Saturday afternoon. Rising inversion heights and
lake induced equilibrium levels should lead to increased lake
effect snow shower intensity of late Saturday evening or during the
overnight hours. Mid levels will be quite dry initially on Saturday
behind the sheared wave of Friday, but better mid level RH should
work back across the western Great Lakes later Saturday night as
next vort robe rotates through the Great Lakes from the Northern
Plains. Lake aggregate troughing should become well established once
again Saturday night with more intense lake effect snow showers and
likely dominant single band setting up for the overnight hours as
mid lake convergence increases. This setup should continue into
Sunday, with main item of lower forecast confidence on track and
timing of potential mesolow formation over the open waters, that
would have a subsequent impact on any established ongoing single
band. Guidance perhaps not quite as strong with mesolow formation,
but in a bit better agreement that some type of mesolow feature may
work inland during the Sunday night period.

Concern still exists for some significant multi-day lake effect
snow accumulations given very strong/deep instability, and potential
augmentation with mesolow feature. There also should be a
favorable alignment between shallow based DGZ and stronger
vertical motions augmenting snow ratios. The main potential
negative factor could be stronger than optimal background low
level directional shear allowing for some progression of bands,
particular later Sunday/early Monday. Given duration of favorable
parameters above, will go ahead and issue a winter storm watch
for lake effect snow for late Saturday evening through Monday for
Berrien/Cass MI and Laporte/St. Joseph IN. Will include mentions
of 6 to 12 inch potential accumulations with this watch, but with
duration of this setup and instability magnitudes, locally higher
amounts will be possible.

Very dangerous wind chills will be a concern for multi-day period
for Saturday night through Tuesday night. Several nights/mornings of
wind chill advisories appear likely, with possibly even reaching
wind chill warning criteria of 25 below for portions of the area
early next week. Prospects of any significant relief from the cold
appear to be short lived by middle of next week before another
reinforcing shot of cold advection works across the region.

&&

.AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Saturday Night)
Issued at 1238 AM EST Sat Dec 30 2017

Continued synoptic scale ascent over the area with persistent
light snow and stratus. MVFR VSBYS and CIGS with embedded IFR CIGS
to persist through the early morning. After 12Z Lake Effect
snow/clouds will increase and spread inland 1 to 2 counties
downstream of Lake Michigan with continued MVFR CIGS/VSBY. Outside
of the Lake Effect...cigs and vsby improve and expect VFR to isold
MVFR through the remainder of the TAF period.

Winds increase later today and could lead to reduced vsby from
blowing snow.This will be short lived 3 to 6 hours before the
gradient relaxes and conditions improve.

&&

.IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IN...Winter Weather Advisory until 1 PM EST /noon CST/ this afternoon
     for INZ003-004.

     Winter Storm Watch from this evening through Monday afternoon
     for INZ003-004.

     Winter Weather Advisory until 4 AM EST /3 AM CST/ early this
     morning for INZ005-012>018-020-022>027-032>034.

MI...Winter Weather Advisory until 1 PM EST this afternoon for
     MIZ077>079.

     Winter Storm Watch from this evening through Monday afternoon
     for MIZ077-078.

OH...Winter Weather Advisory until 4 AM EST early this morning for
     OHZ024-025.

LM...Small Craft Advisory until 7 AM EST Sunday for LMZ043-046.

&&

SYNOPSIS...Lashley
SHORT TERM...Marsili
LONG TERM...Marsili
AVIATION...Lewis

Visit us at www.weather.gov/iwx

Follow us on Facebook...Twitter...and YouTube at:
www.facebook.com/NWSNorthernIndiana
www.twitter.com/nwsiwx
www.youtube.com/NWSNorthernIndiana
Hazardous weather outlook, Dec 29, 11:03 AM EST, 17 hours 8 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Northern Indiana
1103 AM EST Fri Dec 29 2017

INZ005>009-012>018-020-022>027-032>034-MIZ079>081-OHZ001-002-004-005-
015-016-024-025-301615-
Elkhart-Lagrange-Steuben-Noble-De Kalb-Starke-Pulaski-Marshall-
Fulton IN-Kosciusko-Whitley-Allen IN-White-Cass IN-Miami-Wabash-
Huntington-Wells-Adams-Grant-Blackford-Jay-St. Joseph MI-Branch-
Hillsdale-Williams-Fulton OH-Defiance-Henry-Paulding-Putnam-Van Wert-
Allen OH-
1103 AM EST Fri Dec 29 2017 /1003 AM CST Fri Dec 29 2017/

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northern Indiana...
southwest Michigan and northwest Ohio.

.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight

Snow is expected today with accumulations generally between 1 and 4
inches by later this evening. Please see the Winter Weather Advisory
product from this office for more information.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday through Thursday

Bitterly cold temperatures will return this weekend and continue through
much of next week. The cold air will be accompanied by periodic lake
effect snow. Substantial lake effect snow accumulations are possible
for the Saturday night through Monday period for southwest Lower
Michigan and far northern Indiana, and then again by the middle of
next week.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation will not be needed.

&&

Stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio for further details or updates...or
check our web site at weather.gov/iwx

INZ003-004-MIZ077-078-301615-
La Porte-St. Joseph IN-Berrien-Cass MI-
1103 AM EST Fri Dec 29 2017 /1003 AM CST Fri Dec 29 2017/

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of southwest Michigan
and northern Indiana.

.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight

Snow is expected today with additional lake effect snow showers later
tonight into Saturday. Storm total snowfall amounts of 3 to 6 inches
are possible by Saturday afternoon. Please see the Winter Weather
Advisory product from this office for more information.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday through Thursday

Lingering lake effect snow showers and increasing northwest winds
will continue to pose some hazardous travel conditions at least into
Saturday morning.

Bitterly cold temperatures will return this weekend and continue
through much of next week. The cold air will be accompanied by
periodic lake effect snow. Substantial lake effect snow accumulations
are possible for the Saturday night through Monday period for
southwest Lower Michigan and far northern Indiana, and then again by
the middle of next week.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation will not be needed.

&&

Stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio for further details or updates...or
check our web site at weather.gov/iwx

LMZ043-046-301615-
New Buffalo MI to St Joseph MI-Michigan City IN to New Buffalo MI-
1103 AM EST Fri Dec 29 2017

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of The Nearshore
Waters of Southeastern Lake Michigan.

.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight

Conditions hazardous for small craft will continue through tonight.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday through Thursday

Conditions hazardous to small craft are likely Saturday and periodically
through this upcoming week. Gale force winds are also possible
Saturday.

&&

Stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio for further details or updates...or
check our web site at weather.gov/iwx

In the hours before

Local storm report, Dec 29, 11:34 PM EST, 4 hours 37 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
1134 PM EST FRI DEC 29 2017

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1130 PM     SNOW             FAIR PLAIN              42.08N 86.45W
12/29/2017  M7.5 INCH        BERRIEN            MI   PUBLIC

            2.25 INCHES FROM MIDNIGHT TO 7 AM - 5.25
            INCHES FROM 7 AM TO MIDNIGHT.

&&

MSL
Local storm report, Dec 29, 11:45 PM EST, 4 hours 26 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
1145 PM EST FRI DEC 29 2017

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0743 PM     SNOW             1 ENE BRIDGMAN          41.94N 86.55W
12/29/2017  E6.0 INCH        BERRIEN            MI   PUBLIC

            PUBLIC REPORT VIA TWITTER. TOTAL FOR THE
            DAY.

&&

MSL

The office that day

Everything else NWS Northern Indiana issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Dec 30, 4:11 AM ESTWinter Storm WarningIWX44 hr
Dec 30, 4:11 AM ESTWinter Weather AdvisoryIWX44 hr

Nearby

Wind Chill Advisories in Indiana, 2017Every wind chill advisory in 2017

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.