Alert archive / Massachusetts / Winter Storm Watches in 2017
Winter Storm Watch 5, NWS Boston/Norton, MA
NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued this winter storm watch at Mar 8, 2017, 4:31 PM EST for 6 counties in Massachusetts; 5 counties in Rhode Island. It took effect at Mar 10, 2017, 1:00 AM EST. It was in force for .
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Mar 8, 2017, 4:31 PM EST (21:31 UTC)
- In effect from
- Mar 10, 2017, 1:00 AM EST
- Expired
- Mar 9, 2017, 4:01 PM EST
- In force
- Issued by
- NWS Boston/Norton, MA
Counties Barnstable County, MA, Bristol County, MA, Dukes County, MA, Nantucket County, MA, Norfolk County, MA, Plymouth County, MA, Bristol County, RI, Kent County, RI, Newport County, RI, Providence County, RI, Washington County, RI
The radar
The Boston radar (KBOX), 33 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:28 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Chatham, MA (KCHH), launched 12:00Z, 9.5 hours before the alert went out and 88 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 532 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 39 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 176 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 237 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
597 WWUS41 KBOX 082131 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Taunton MA 431 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 MAZ020>024-090545- /O.NEW.KBOX.WS.A.0005.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA- Nantucket MA- Including the cities of Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Chatham, Falmouth, Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, and Nantucket 431 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 ...WINTER STORM WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON... The National Weather Service in Taunton has issued a Winter Storm Watch, which is in effect from late Thursday night through Friday afternoon. * LOCATIONS...south coast of Massachusetts from Westport to Cape Cod including the Islands. This includes the cities and towns of Fall River and New Bedford. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 4 to 7 inches possible, * TIMING...Snow overspreads the area Thursday night from west to east and continues into Friday before tapering off later in the day. * IMPACTS...Snow, possibly moderate to heavy at times will impact the Friday morning commute across the watch area. * Uncertainty...this storm will be accompanied by a narrow swath of accumulating snow. Therefore a shift in storm track as little as 50 miles will have a large impact on snowfall totals. Thus the watch highlights the potential for 4-7 inches of snowfall. Stay tuned to later forecasts and discussions for possible changes to our snowfall predictions. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Watch means there is a potential for significant snow, sleet, or ice accumulations that may impact travel. Continue to monitor the latest forecasts. Be prepared to modify travel plans should winter weather develop. && $$ For the latest updates...please visit our webpage at www.weather.gov/boston You can follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/NWSBoston You can follow us on Twitter at @NWSBoston Nocera
5 follow-up statements
115 WWUS41 KBOX 090343 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Taunton MA 1043 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 MAZ020>024-091145- /O.CON.KBOX.WS.A.0005.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA- Nantucket MA- Including the cities of Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Chatham, Falmouth, Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, and Nantucket 1043 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 ...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON... * LOCATIONS...South coast of Massachusetts from Westport to Cape Cod including the Islands. This includes the cities and towns of Fall River and New Bedford. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 4 to 7 inches possible. * TIMING...Snow overspreads the area Thursday night from west to east and continues into Friday before tapering off later in the day. * IMPACTS...The heavy snow will create snow covered roads and produce scattered power outages. * Uncertainty...this storm will be accompanied by a narrow swath of accumulating snow. Therefore a shift in storm track as little as 50 miles will have a large impact on snowfall totals. Thus the watch highlights the potential for 4-7 inches of snowfall. Stay tuned to later forecasts and discussions for possible changes to our snowfall predictions. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Watch means there is a potential for significant snow, sleet, or ice accumulations that may impact travel. Continue to monitor the latest forecasts. Be prepared to modify travel plans should winter weather develop. && $$ For the latest updates...please visit our webpage at www.weather.gov/boston You can follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/NWSBoston You can follow us on Twitter at @NWSBoston
849 WWUS41 KBOX 090344 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Taunton MA 1044 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 MAZ020>024-091145- /O.CON.KBOX.WS.A.0005.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA- Nantucket MA- Including the cities of Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Chatham, Falmouth, Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, and Nantucket 1044 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 ...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON... * LOCATIONS...South coast of Massachusetts from Westport to Cape Cod including the Islands. This includes the cities and towns of Fall River and New Bedford. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 4 to 7 inches possible. * TIMING...Snow overspreads the area Thursday night from west to east and continues into Friday before tapering off later in the day. * IMPACTS...Snow, possibly moderate to heavy at times will impact the Friday morning commute across the watch area. * Uncertainty...this storm will be accompanied by a narrow swath of accumulating snow. Therefore a shift in storm track as little as 50 miles will have a large impact on snowfall totals. Thus the watch highlights the potential for 4-7 inches of snowfall. Stay tuned to later forecasts and discussions for possible changes to our snowfall predictions. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Watch means there is a potential for significant snow, sleet, or ice accumulations that may impact travel. Continue to monitor the latest forecasts. Be prepared to modify travel plans should winter weather develop. && $$ For the latest updates...please visit our webpage at www.weather.gov/boston You can follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/NWSBoston You can follow us on Twitter at @NWSBoston
032 WWUS41 KBOX 090925 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Taunton MA 425 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 MAZ022>024-091730- /O.UPG.KBOX.WS.A.0005.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ /O.NEW.KBOX.WS.W.0004.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-Nantucket MA- Including the cities of Chatham, Falmouth, Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, and Nantucket 425 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 4 PM EST FRIDAY... The National Weather Service in Taunton has issued a Winter Storm Warning for Snow which is in effect from 1 AM to 4 PM EST Friday. The Winter Storm Watch is no longer in effect. * LOCATIONS...Cape Cod and the Islands. * HAZARD TYPES...Heavy Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 6 to 8 inches. * TIMING...Snow will develop after midnight, becoming heavy at times toward daybreak into the morning. The snow will gradually taper off Friday afternoon. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall rates may approach 1 to 2 inches per hour for a time during the Friday morning commute which will have significant impact. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter mile or less at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Warning is issued when an average snowfall of 6 inches or more is expected within a 12 hour period, or for 8 inches or more in a 24 hour period. Travel will be slow at best on well treated surfaces, and quite difficult on untreated surfaces. Only travel in an emergency. If you must travel, keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case of an emergency. && $$ RIZ008-091730- /O.NEW.KBOX.WS.W.0004.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ Block Island RI- Including the city of New Shoreham 425 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 4 PM EST FRIDAY... The National Weather Service in Taunton has issued a Winter Storm Warning for Snow, which is in effect from 1 AM to 4 PM EST Friday. * LOCATIONS...Block Island. * HAZARD TYPES...Heavy snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 6 to 8 inches. * TIMING...Snow will develop after midnight, becoming heavy at times toward daybreak into the morning. The snow will taper off Friday afternoon. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall rates may approach 1 to 2 inches per hour for a time during the Friday morning commute which will have significant impact. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter mile or less at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Warning is issued when an average snowfall of 6 inches or more is expected within a 12 hour period, or for 8 inches or more in a 24 hour period. Travel will be slow at best on well treated surfaces, and quite difficult on untreated surfaces. Only travel in an emergency. If you must travel, keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case of an emergency. && $$ CTZ002>004-091730- /O.NEW.KBOX.WW.Y.0012.170310T0600Z-170310T1700Z/ Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT- Including the cities of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, Putnam, and Willimantic 425 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO NOON EST FRIDAY... The National Weather Service in Taunton has issued a Winter Weather Advisory for Snow, which is in effect from 1 AM to noon EST Friday. * LOCATIONS...Northern Connecticut. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 3 to 5 inches * TIMING...Snow will develop around midnight and may be briefly heavy late tonight into Friday morning. The snow will taper off by midday Friday. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall rates may approach 1 inch per hour for a time during the Friday morning commute. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter to one half mile at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Weather Advisory for snow means that periods of snow will cause primarily travel difficulties. Be prepared for snow covered roads and limited visibilities, and use caution while driving. && $$ MAZ012-013-016-091730- /O.NEW.KBOX.WW.Y.0012.170310T0600Z-170310T1700Z/ Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA- Including the cities of Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, and Quincy 425 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO NOON EST FRIDAY... The National Weather Service in Taunton has issued a Winter Weather Advisory for Snow, which is in effect from 1 AM to noon EST Friday. * LOCATIONS...Central and eastern Massachusetts near and south of the Mass Pike. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 2 to 4 inches. * TIMING...Snow will develop well after midnight, tapering off around midday Friday. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. The snow will have some impact on the Friday morning commute. * VISIBILITIES...One half mile at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Weather Advisory for snow means that periods of snow will cause primarily travel difficulties. Be prepared for snow covered roads and limited visibilities, and use caution while driving. && $$ MAZ017>019-RIZ001>007-091730- /O.EXA.KBOX.WS.A.0005.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ Northern Bristol MA-Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA- Northwest Providence RI-Southeast Providence RI-Western Kent RI- Eastern Kent RI-Bristol RI-Washington RI-Newport RI- Including the cities of Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, Foster, Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich, Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, and Newport 425 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER STORM WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON... The National Weather Service in Taunton has issued a Winter Storm Watch, which is in effect from late tonight through Friday afternoon. * LOCATIONS...Rhode Island and Southeast Massachusetts. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 4 to 7 inches, heaviest near the south coast. * TIMING...Snow will develop after midnight, becoming heavy at times toward daybreak into the morning. The snow will taper off Friday afternoon. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall rates may approach 1 inch per hour for a time during the Friday morning commute. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter to one half mile at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Watch means there is a potential for significant snow, sleet, or ice accumulations that may impact travel. Continue to monitor the latest forecasts. Be prepared to modify travel plans should winter weather develop. && $$ MAZ020-021-091730- /O.CON.KBOX.WS.A.0005.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA- Including the cities of Fall River, New Bedford, and Mattapoisett 425 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON... * LOCATIONS...South coast of Massachusetts from Westport to Cape Cod. This includes the cities and towns of Fall River and New Bedford. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 4 to 8 inches. * TIMING...Snow will develop after midnight, becoming heavy at times toward daybreak into the morning. The snow will taper off Friday afternoon. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall rates may approach 1 to 2 inches per hour for a time during the Friday morning commute which will have a significant impact. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter mile or less at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Watch means there is a potential for significant snow, sleet, or ice accumulations that may impact travel. Continue to monitor the latest forecasts. Be prepared to modify travel plans should winter weather develop. && $$ For the latest updates...please visit our webpage at www.weather.gov/boston You can follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/NWSBoston You can follow us on Twitter at @NWSBoston
447 WWUS41 KBOX 091541 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Taunton MA 1041 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 MAZ022>024-RIZ008-092100- /O.CON.KBOX.WS.W.0004.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-Nantucket MA-Block Island RI- Including the cities of Chatham, Falmouth, Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, Nantucket, and New Shoreham 1041 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 4 PM EST FRIDAY... * LOCATIONS...Cape Cod, Nantucket, Marthas Vineyard and Block Island. * HAZARD TYPES...Heavy snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 4 to 8 inches. Given the banded nature of snow shield, snowfall will vary greatly with one location receiving 4 inches while a neighboring town receives 6 to 8 inches. * TIMING...Snow will develop after midnight, becoming heavy at times toward daybreak into the morning. The snow will taper off Friday afternoon. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall rates may approach 1 to 2 inches per hour for a time during the Friday morning commute which will have significant impact. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter mile or less at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Warning is issued when an average snowfall of 6 inches or more is expected within a 12 hour period, or for 8 inches or more in a 24 hour period. Travel will be slow at best on well treated surfaces, and quite difficult on untreated surfaces. Only travel in an emergency. If you must travel, keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case of an emergency. && $$ CTZ002>004-092100- /O.CON.KBOX.WW.Y.0012.170310T0600Z-170310T1700Z/ Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT- Including the cities of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, Putnam, and Willimantic 1041 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO NOON EST FRIDAY... * LOCATIONS...Northern Connecticut including the cities and towns of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, Putnam, and Willimantic. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 3 to 5 inches. Given the banded nature of the snow shield, snowfall will vary greatly with one location receiving 3 inches while a neighboring town receives up to 5 inches. * TIMING...Snow will develop around midnight and may be briefly heavy late tonight into Friday morning. The snow will taper off by midday Friday. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall rates may approach 1 inch per hour for a time during the Friday morning commute. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter to one half mile at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Weather Advisory for snow means that periods of snow will cause primarily travel difficulties. Be prepared for snow covered roads and limited visibilities, and use caution while driving. && $$ MAZ012-013-016-092100- /O.CON.KBOX.WW.Y.0012.170310T0600Z-170310T1700Z/ Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA- Including the cities of Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, and Quincy 1041 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO NOON EST FRIDAY... * LOCATIONS...Central and eastern Massachusetts near and south of the Mass Pike. This includes the cities and towns of Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, and Quincy * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 2 to 4 inches. * TIMING...Snow will develop well after midnight, tapering off around midday Friday. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. The snow will have some impact on the Friday morning commute. * VISIBILITIES...One half mile at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Weather Advisory for snow means that periods of snow will cause primarily travel difficulties. Be prepared for snow covered roads and limited visibilities, and use caution while driving. && $$ MAZ017>021-RIZ001>007-092100- /O.CON.KBOX.WS.A.0005.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ Northern Bristol MA-Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA- Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Northwest Providence RI- Southeast Providence RI-Western Kent RI-Eastern Kent RI- Bristol RI-Washington RI-Newport RI- Including the cities of Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Foster, Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich, Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, and Newport 1041 AM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER STORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM LATE TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON... * LOCATIONS...Rhode Island and Southeast Massachusetts. This includes the cities and towns of Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Foster, Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich, Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, and Newport. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 4 to 7 inches. Given the snow will be very banded some locations will receive 4 inches while neighboring towns accumulate up to 7 inches. * TIMING...Snow will develop after midnight, becoming heavy at times toward daybreak into the morning. The snow will taper off Friday afternoon. * IMPACTS...Snow covered roads will make for hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall rates may approach 1 inch per hour for a time during the Friday morning commute. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter to one half mile at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Watch means there is a potential for significant snow, sleet, or ice accumulations that may impact travel. Continue to monitor the latest forecasts. Be prepared to modify travel plans should winter weather develop. && $$ For the latest updates...please visit our webpage at www.weather.gov/boston You can follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/NWSBoston You can follow us on Twitter at @NWSBoston Nocera
022 WWUS41 KBOX 092101 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE National Weather Service Taunton MA 401 PM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 MAZ017>021-RIZ002>007-100515- /O.UPG.KBOX.WS.A.0005.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ /O.EXB.KBOX.WS.W.0004.170310T0800Z-170310T2100Z/ Northern Bristol MA-Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA- Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Southeast Providence RI- Western Kent RI-Eastern Kent RI-Bristol RI-Washington RI- Newport RI- Including the cities of Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich, Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, and Newport 401 PM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 4 PM EST FRIDAY... The National Weather Service in Taunton has issued a Winter Storm Warning for heavy snow, which is in effect from 3 AM to 4 PM EST Friday. The Winter Storm Watch is no longer in effect. * LOCATIONS...Rhode Island and Southeast Massachusetts. This includes the cities and towns of Taunton, Brockton, Plymouth, Fall River, New Bedford, Mattapoisett, Foster, Smithfield, Providence, Coventry, West Greenwich, East Greenwich, Warwick, West Warwick, Bristol, Narragansett, Westerly, and Newport. * HAZARD TYPES...Heavy snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 4 to 8 inches. There will be a sharp cutoff to the snowfall from south to north over a very short distance. In addition the storm's snow bands will be very narrow resulting in a fairly large snowfall range. * TIMING...Snow will develop after midnight, becoming heavy at times during the morning and into midday Friday. The snow will taper off around mid afternoon Friday. * IMPACTS...The heavy snow will make many roads impassable especially with snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches an hour at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Warning is issued when an average snowfall of 6 inches or more is expected within a 12 hour period, or for 8 inches or more in a 24 hour period. Travel will be slow at best on well treated surfaces, and quite difficult on untreated surfaces. Only travel in an emergency. If you must travel, keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case of an emergency. && $$ MAZ022>024-RIZ008-100515- /O.EXT.KBOX.WS.W.0004.170310T0800Z-170310T2100Z/ Barnstable MA-Dukes MA-Nantucket MA-Block Island RI- Including the cities of Chatham, Falmouth, Provincetown, Vineyard Haven, Nantucket, and New Shoreham 401 PM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER STORM WARNING NOW IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 4 PM EST FRIDAY... * LOCATIONS...Cape Cod, Nantucket, Marthas Vineyard and Block Island. * HAZARD TYPES...Heavy snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 6 to 10 inches. * TIMING...Snow will develop after midnight, becoming heavy at times during the morning and into midday Friday. The snow will taper off mid afternoon Friday. * IMPACTS...The heavy snow will make many roads impassable especially with snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches an hour at times. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter mile or less at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Storm Warning is issued when an average snowfall of 6 inches or more is expected within a 12 hour period, or for 8 inches or more in a 24 hour period. Travel will be slow at best on well treated surfaces, and quite difficult on untreated surfaces. Only travel in an emergency. If you must travel, keep an extra flashlight, food, and water in your vehicle in case of an emergency. &&ranging from 4 to 8 inches. $$ RIZ001-100515- /O.UPG.KBOX.WS.A.0005.170310T0600Z-170310T2100Z/ /O.EXB.KBOX.WW.Y.0012.170310T0800Z-170310T1800Z/ Northwest Providence RI- Including the cities of Foster and Smithfield 401 PM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 1 PM EST FRIDAY... The National Weather Service in Taunton has issued a Winter Weather Advisory for snow, which is in effect from 3 AM to 1 PM EST Friday. The Winter Storm Watch is no longer in effect. * LOCATIONS...northern Rhode Island including the towns of Foster, Woonsocket and Smithfield. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 3 to 5 inches. There will be a sharp cutoff to the snowfall from south to north over a very short distance. In addition the storm's snow bands will be very narrow resulting in a fairly large snowfall range. * TIMING...Snow will develop after midnight, becoming heavy at times toward daybreak into the morning. The snow will taper off Friday afternoon. * IMPACTS...The heavy snow will create snow covered roads and poor visibility with snowfall rates up to an inch per hour possible at times. * WINDS...North 5 to 10 mph. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter to one half mile at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Weather Advisory for snow means that periods of snow will cause primarily travel difficulties. Be prepared for snow covered roads and limited visibilities, and use caution while driving. && $$ CTZ002>004-100515- /O.EXT.KBOX.WW.Y.0012.170310T0700Z-170310T1700Z/ Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT- Including the cities of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, Putnam, and Willimantic 401 PM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT FROM 2 AM TO NOON EST FRIDAY... * LOCATIONS...Northern Connecticut including the cities and towns of Hartford, Windsor Locks, Union, Vernon, Putnam, and Willimantic. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 3 to 5 inches. Snowfall will likely have a sharp cutoff from south to north over a very short distance. Therefore 5 inch amounts are more likely across central Connecticut including the city of Hartford while closer to 3 inches is likely along the Connecticut Massachusetts border. * TIMING...Snow will develop around midnight and may be briefly heavy from about daybreak through the morning hours. The snow will taper off by midday Friday. * IMPACTS...The heavy snow will create snow covered roads and poor visibility especially with snowfall rates of up to an inch per hour possible at times. * VISIBILITIES...One quarter to one half mile at times. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Weather Advisory for snow means that periods of snow will cause primarily travel difficulties. Be prepared for snow covered roads and limited visibilities, and use caution while driving. && $$ MAZ012-013-016-100515- /O.EXT.KBOX.WW.Y.0012.170310T0800Z-170310T1800Z/ Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA- Including the cities of Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, and Quincy 401 PM EST Thu Mar 9 2017 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 1 PM EST FRIDAY... * LOCATIONS...Central and eastern Massachusetts near and south of the Mass Pike. This includes the cities and towns of Milford, Worcester, Foxborough, Norwood, and Quincy. * HAZARD TYPES...Snow. * ACCUMULATIONS...Snow accumulation of 2 to 4 inches. There will likely be a very sharp cutoff in the snowfall with highest amounts south and lower amounts northward toward the Massachusetts turnpike. * TIMING...Snow will develop well after midnight, tapering off around midday Friday. * IMPACTS...The heavy snow will create snow covered roads and slippery travel. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A Winter Weather Advisory for snow means that periods of snow will cause primarily travel difficulties. Be prepared for snow covered roads and limited visibilities, and use caution while driving. && $$ For the latest updates...please visit our webpage at www.weather.gov/boston You can follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/NWSBoston You can follow us on Twitter at @NWSBoston Nocera
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this winter storm watch went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Boston/Norton, MA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this winter storm watch went out at Mar 8, 4:24 PM EST, 7 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Mar 8, 4:24 PM EST, 7 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Taunton MA
424 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017
.SYNOPSIS...
A secondary cold front moves through the area tonight ushering in a
trend towards colder but mainly dry weather into Thursday. A fast
but potent wave of low pressure tracks south of the region Fri but
likely delivers a period of accumulating snowfall across CT/RI and
southeast MA with heaviest amounts along the south coast. An arctic
blast returns for the weekend with another shot of wintry
precipitation Monday night into Tuesday of next week.
&&
.NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM THURSDAY MORNING/...
420 PM Update...
Short wave and associated cold pool aloft generating a band of very
light rain showers/sprinkles across western-central MA at 4 pm.
However the large surface T/Td spread is resulting in most of this
activity drying up before reaching the surface. Thus mainly virga.
However if any showers survive the inverted-V soundings profile may
result in gusty winds up to 45 mph or so.
Otherwise, other than the gusty west winds a very pleasant evening
with temperatures falling from the 50s into the 40s. Diurnal clouds
and an isolated shower/sprinkle dissipate with sunset.
Otherwise behind this departing short wave and secondary cold front,
CAA increases overnight with temps cooling off into the 30s...still
above normal for early March. However as CAA increases westerly
winds increase noticeably toward daybreak Thu.
&&
.SHORT TERM /6 AM THURSDAY MORNING THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT/...
*** A Winter Storm Watch South Coastal Massachusetts Thursday Night
into Friday ***
Thursday...
Dry with strong mid level subsidence drying the column. Some sct to
broken cu/scu possible across northern MA otherwise a fair amount of
sunshine. Temps closer to normal than today with highs Thu in the
40s, still a few degs above normal. Sunshine may fade behind
increasing mid/high clouds late in the day especially across western
CT/MA.
However it will feel cooler given gusty west winds up to 35 kt/40
mph. May need a wind advisory tomorrow as previous forecaster noted
steep low level lapse rates will promote good momentum mixing.
Current thinking is G35kt/40 mph would be more common. Next shift
will have to evaluate model trends. Strongest gusts likely over
northern zones and higher terrain.
Thursday Night...
Potent northern stream short wave induces frontal wave off the NJ
coast 12z Friday. Fast moving/short duration wave but tight thermal
gradient supports strong mid level frontogenesis and resulting snow
bands ovespreading the region between 03z-09z from west to east. The
combination of strong mid level Fgen, instability aloft in the form
of -EPV, deep layer moisture for instability to be realized coupled
with modest lift in the snow growth region yielding good snow
ratios, this fast moving system may over perform and yield a narrow
swath of 4-7" of snowfall.
Given models have been trending slowly northward and more intense
decided to hoist a winter storm watch to highlight this potential.
Area of greatest risk is along the south coast of MA from Westport
eastward to Cape Cod and the Islands. Could easily extend the watch
westward into RI and north into the RT-44 corridor of southeast MA
as sometimes these mesoscale snow bands verify farther NW-N than
models simulate. However given wave is intensifying as it moves
eastward higher qpf should occur over coastal MA. Snow may begin as
rain but lots of dry air initially available for evaporative
cooling/wet bulb effect.
Uncertainty with this system the fast zonal flow aloft yields a
narrow north to south band of qpf. Thus a shift in later forecasts
of +/- 50 miles will have a large impact on snow totals. Thus we
recommend utilizing our snow probs to see the range of outcomes
rather than just focusing on one given scenario.
This will likely have at least some impact on the Fri morning
commute especially from New Bedford to Fall River to Cape Cod.
&&
.LONG TERM /FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
Big Picture...
Flow on the longwave scale transforms from zonal to ridge west and
trough east over the weekend and through much of next week.
Shortwave scale shows Hudson Bay upper low diving southeast over New
England during the weekend initiating this pattern. A shortwave
diving south from the Canadian Arctic kicks this low out through the
Maritimes while establishing a new closed low over the Northeast
USA.
500-mb contour heights in March average from 547 to 550 Dm. These
heights over the weekend and early next week will be well below this
average, with values as low as 516 Dm over the weekend. This
suggests below normal temps through the period with weekend temps
well below normal.
Confidence is moderate with the passage of the surface low Friday.
There is still noticeable variation in the ensemble precipitation
amounts although a better agreement on a ptype of snow. Confidence
is high for the weekend cold high pressure. Confidence is low for
the presumed Tuesday storm. The parent systems for this storm are
currently over the Gulf of Alaska and the coast of Russia...just
west of the Bering Strait...which are poorly sampled for initial
conditions.
Details...
Friday... Moderate confidence.
South coastal storm moves off to the east. Expect highest pops
during the morning, then diminish during the afternoon. One concern
is for a developing inverted trough along the MA east coast during
the morning/midday which could focus a brief period of snow or snow
showers at that time along the North Shore. We have expanded 55
percent pops up to Cape Ann during this period.
As for total accums, heaviest snow looks to be just offshore to the
south, with highest accums on land occuring over Islands and amounts
diminishing farther north. QPF ranging from 0.1 or less along the MA
Pike and 0.5 across the Islands.
The supporting upper shortwave moves through during the evening and
marks the arrival of colder air surface and aloft. This cold air
advection may generate isolated snow showers in northern MA. The
cold pool aloft will also encourage mixing of stronger winds to the
surface in gusts. Gust potential looks to be 25 to 35 knots, mainly
in the central and western sections mid to late afternoon. This will
spread east during the early night.
We knocked 2-3F off the max temps due to the precipitation, and 2-3F
off the Friday night min temps due to any snow cover.
Saturday and Sunday...High confidence.
Departing low pressure in the Maritimes and approaching high
pressure over the Upper Midwest will bring a stiff pressure gradient
to New England, thus a breezy day expected. Mixing should bring wind
gusts up to 30 knots. The pressure gradient will relax on Sunday, so
northwest winds will be less and gusts to near 20 knots.
Mixing to 850 mb will tap tempertures of -20C to -23C. Expect max
temps roughly 15-25. We again undercut min temp guidance by a
couple of degrees with lows in the single numbers and low teens. Dew
points will be below zero, so the air will be quite dry. On Sunday
the upper low and coldest of the air move off. Temperatures aloft
will recover a couple of degrees from Saturday and support surface
max temps mainly in the 20s.
Monday through Wednesday....Low confidence.
Long range models are advertising a coastal low developing off the
Southeast USA coast Monday and moving up the coast Monday night and
Tuesday. The Canadian is an outlier in moving the low well
offshore. The ECMWF and GFS bring the low up across the 40N/70W
benchmark. This is a scenario for a Southern New England snowstorm
for Tuesday, and so it will need to be monitored over the next
several model runs. We are using 30-45 percent pops due to the
uncertainty in a Day 6 forecast and, as noted above, because the
components are currently outside of North America.
Monday will be dry with high pressure overhead. Wednesday will be
windy behind the departing storm.
&&
.AVIATION /22Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
Forecaster Confidence Levels...
Low - less than 30 percent.
Moderate - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.
2 PM / 18Z update...
Thru 00z...moderate to high confidnece. Lower confidence on how
far east showers make it before dissipating.
VFR cigs along with gusty WNW winds up to 30 kt. Risk for a few
showers over western MA. Otherwise dry weather prevails.
After 00z...
Tonight...High confidence.
VFR cigs. West wind gusts to 25-30 kt developing after midnight.
Thursday...High confidence.
VFR. Strong west winds with gusts 30-40 kt, strongest over
higher elevations.
Thursday night...high confidence on trends but lower on exact
timing of snow.
VFR to start but lowering to MVFR and possibly IFR across CT/RI
and southeast MA toward Fri morning in snow. Snow overspreads
this area 03z-09z from west to east. Snow may become moderate to
perhaps heavy for a time toward 12z Fri. Lighter snows northward
toward the Mass pike. 1-2" snow accumulations possible south
coast including Cape Cod and Island by 12z Fri. Snow could
briefly begin as rain.
KBOS TAF...High confidence in TAF.
KBDL TAF...High confidence in TAF. Brief shower possible
20-22z.
Friday... Moderate confidence.
VFR north of the Mass Pike and including Boston. MVFR to the south
with increasing chance of IFR cigs/vsbys in snow along the South
Coast and Islands. The transition zone from VFR to IFR will be
sharp, which leads to the lower confidence. Improving conditions
midday with VFR all areas in the afternoon. Gusty northwest winds in
the afternoon and night with scattered snow squalls possible at that
time.
Saturday and Sunday... High confidence.
VFR. MVFR cigs/vsbys possible east of the Massachusets coast in
ocean effect snow showers. Gusty NW winds, strongest on Saturday.
Monday... Low-Moderate confidence.
VFR during the day. Conditions may lower to MVFR/IFR after midnight
in developing snow.
&&
.MARINE...
Forecaster Confidence Levels...
Low - less than 30 percent.
Moderate - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.
420 PM update...
Tonight...
West winds 15 to 25 kt increase to near Gale force by daybreak as
low pressure intensifies over eastern Quebec. Dry weather and good
vsby.
Thursday...
Strong low over eastern Quebec continues to generate WNW winds 25 to
35 kt. Dry weather and good vsby.
Thursday night...
wave of low pres emerges off the NJ coast by Fri morning. Snow
overspreads the southern waters, possibly starts as rain but quickly
becomes steady and moderate with lowering vsby. ENE winds develop.
Outlook /Friday through Monday/...
Friday... Moderate confidence.
Coastal low pressure will bring snow to most of the waters, with
lowest visibility on the southern waters. The storm moves off during
the afternoon, at which point northwest winds will increase across
the waters. There is potential for Northwest Gales across most of
the waters Friday night. A Gale Warning may be required.
Highest seas will be on the southern waters during Friday, roughly 2
to 4 feet. Seas will build on all waters Friday night due to the
wind, with 5 to 7 feet on the outer waters and 2 to 4 feet closer to
shore.
The strong winds and very cold air moving across the water may
generate some freezing spray, especially on the waters east of
Massachusetts Friday night. Freezing Spray headlines may be
needed.
Saturday and Sunday... High confidence.
Northwest winds will continue to gust to near 35 knots during
Saturday, and seas will linger at 5 to 7 feet on the outer waters.
Winds will diminish Saturday night and Sunday, with gusts near 25
knot possible Sunday. Seas will be less than 5 feet Sunday.
Gales may continue to be needed on Saturday. Freezing spray will
continue to be possible Saturday and Saturday night.
Monday... Low-moderate confidence.
High pressure over the waters during the day, moving off to the
northeast by night. Winds and seas will be less than 25 knots and 5
feet. An area of snow will approach from the southwest and may
reach the southern waters late Monday night.
&&
.BOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CT...None.
MA...Winter Storm Watch from late Thursday night through Friday
afternoon for MAZ020>024.
RI...None.
MARINE...Gale Warning from 3 AM to 6 PM EST Thursday for ANZ231>235-237-
250-251-254>256.
Gale Warning from 4 AM to 6 PM EST Thursday for ANZ230-236.
&&
SYNOPSIS...WTB/Nocera
NEAR TERM...Nocera
SHORT TERM...Nocera
LONG TERM...WTB/Correia
AVIATION...WTB/Nocera
MARINE...WTB/NoceraHazardous weather outlook, Mar 8, 4:20 PM EST, 11 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Taunton MA 420 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 CTZ002>004-MAZ002>019-026-RIZ001>008-092130- Hartford CT-Tolland CT-Windham CT-Western Franklin MA- Eastern Franklin MA-Northern Worcester MA-Central Middlesex MA- Western Essex MA-Eastern Essex MA-Western Hampshire MA- Western Hampden MA-Eastern Hampshire MA-Eastern Hampden MA- Southern Worcester MA-Western Norfolk MA-Southeast Middlesex MA- Suffolk MA-Eastern Norfolk MA-Northern Bristol MA- Western Plymouth MA-Eastern Plymouth MA-Northern Middlesex MA- Northwest Providence RI-Southeast Providence RI-Western Kent RI- Eastern Kent RI-Bristol RI-Washington RI-Newport RI-Block Island RI- 420 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for northern Connecticut, central Massachusetts, eastern Massachusetts, northeastern Massachusetts, southeastern Massachusetts, western Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. .DAY ONE...Tonight. No hazardous weather is expected at this time. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Thursday through Tuesday. Accumulating snow is possible along and south of the Massachusetts Turnpike on Thursday night and Friday. Several inches are possible in Rhode Island and Southeast Massachusetts, and parts of Northern Connecticut. A chilly airmass moves in during the weekend with wind chills below zero each night. Wind chills during the day Saturday will mainly be in the single numbers. There is low confidence that another snowstorm may affect Southern New England on Tuesday. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation is not expected at this time. MAZ020>024-092130- Southern Bristol MA-Southern Plymouth MA-Barnstable MA-Dukes MA- Nantucket MA- 420 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 ...WINTER STORM WATCH IN EFFECT FROM LATE THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON... This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for southeastern Massachusetts. .DAY ONE...Tonight. No hazardous weather is expected at this time. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Thursday through Tuesday. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the Internet for more information about the following hazards. Winter Storm Watch. A chilly airmass moves in during the weekend with wind chills below zero each night. Wind chills during the day Saturday will mainly be in the single numbers. There is low confidence that another snowstorm may affect Southern New England on Tuesday. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation is not expected at this time. ANZ231>235-237-250-251-254>256-092130- Cape Cod Bay-Nantucket Sound-Vineyard Sound-Buzzards Bay- Rhode Island Sound-Block Island Sound- Coastal waters east of Ipswich Bay and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary-Massachusetts Bay and Ipswich Bay- Coastal waters from Provincetown MA to Chatham MA to Nantucket MA out 20 nm- Coastal Waters extending out to 25 nm South of Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket- Coastal Waters from Montauk NY to Marthas Vineyard extending out to 20 nm South of Block Island- 420 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 ...GALE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 6 PM EST THURSDAY... This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for Massachusetts coastal waters and Rhode Island coastal waters. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the Internet for more information about the following hazards. Gale Warning. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Thursday through Tuesday. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the Internet for more information about the following hazards. Gale Warning. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation is not expected at this time. ANZ230-236-092130- Boston Harbor-Narragansett Bay- 420 PM EST Wed Mar 8 2017 ...GALE WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 4 AM TO 6 PM EST THURSDAY... This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for Massachusetts coastal waters and Rhode Island coastal waters. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the Internet for more information about the following hazards. Gale Warning. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Thursday through Tuesday. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the Internet for more information about the following hazards. Gale Warning. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation is not expected at this time. For the latest updates...please visit our webpage at www.weather.gov/boston You can follow us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/NWSBoston You can follow us on Twitter at @NWSBoston
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Mar 8, 3:03 PM EST, 1 hour 28 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE Taunton MA
303 PM EST WED MAR 8 2017
MAZ002>005-008>012-026-082100-
Western Franklin-Northwest Middlesex County-Southern
Worcester-Western Hampshire-Western Hampden-Central Middlesex
County-Eastern Hampden-Northern Worcester-Eastern Franklin-Eastern
Hampshire-
303 PM EST WED MAR 8 2017
...A shower with strong wind gusts will affect central and western
Massachusetts...
At 302 PM EST...A shower with strong wind gusts was along a line
extending from near Guilford Center to near Whately to Granville, and
was moving east at 45 mph.
Locations impacted include...
Worcester, Springfield, Chicopee, Westfield, Leominster, Fitchburg,
Holyoke, Marlborough, Amherst, Shrewsbury, Northampton, Agawam, West
Springfield, Greenfield, Orange, Deerfield, Ludlow, Gardner, Hudson
and Westborough.
Go inside when the sky darkens. Winds may be strong enough to produce
minor damage, such as downed branches.
&&
LAT...LON 4215 7307 4215 7303 4231 7300 4233 7306
4237 7307 4239 7301 4266 7295 4267 7300
4270 7295 4270 7302 4274 7302 4270 7151
4249 7148 4203 7187 4204 7275 4201 7276
4201 7281 4204 7282 4205 7306
TIME...MOT...LOC 2002Z 266DEG 41KT 4285 7265 4244 7260 4208 7290
LEC/MHBThe office that day
Everything else NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 8, 4:38 AM EST | Gale Warning | BOX | 38 hr | |
| Mar 8, 4:38 AM EST | Small Craft Advisory | BOX | 12 hr | |
| Mar 8, 3:03 PM EST | Special Weather Statement | BOX | Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Worcester | 57 min |
Nearby
Winter Storm Watches in Massachusetts, 2017Winter Storm Watches in Rhode Island, 2017Every winter storm watch in 2017
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.