Alert archive / Ohio / Special Weather Statements in 2016

Special Weather Statement, NWS Wilmington, OH

May 1, 2016Licking County, Ohio

NWS Wilmington, OH issued this special weather statement at May 1, 2016, 5:13 PM EDT for Licking County, Ohio. It was in force for 32 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: May 1, 2016, 5:13 PM EDT (21:13 UTC)
Expired: May 1, 2016, 5:45 PM EDT
In force: 32 min
Issued by: NWS Wilmington, OH

County Licking County, OH

The radar

The Cincinnati radar (KILN), 147 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:15 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Cncnati-Daytn, OH (KILN), launched 12:00Z, 9.2 hours before the alert went out and 145 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 196 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -30 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 619 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 48 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 109 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 91 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.1
Supercell composite: 0.5

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title>Service Notice</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
</head>
<body>
  <main class="wrap">
    <section class="card" role="status" aria-live="polite">
      <div class="status" id="status">Temporary Notice</div>
      <h1 id="headline">This service is currently unavailable.</h1>
      <p id="message1">
        The site you requested is temporarily down for maintenance or an unexpected outage.
      </p>
      <p id="message2">
        Please try again in a few minutes.
      </p>
      <p class="small" id="detail">
        If you are an administrator, restore upstream service and remove the redirect/fallback rule when normal operations resume.
      </p>
    </section>
  </main>
  <script src="index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this special weather statement went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Wilmington, OH wrote its last area forecast discussion before this special weather statement went out at May 1, 3:53 PM EDT, 1 hour 20 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 1, 3:53 PM EDT, 1 hour 20 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
353 PM EDT SUN MAY 1 2016

.SYNOPSIS...
WAVES OF LOW PRESSURE TRAVELING ALONG A SLOW MOVING FRONTAL
BOUNDARY WILL TRIGGER NUMEROUS SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS THIS
EVENING INTO TONIGHT. AS THE FRONT SAGS SOUTH TO TENNESSEE...
ANOTHER WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE IS FORECAST TO BRING MORE SHOWERS AND
A FEW THUNDERSTORMS PRIMARILY TO SOUTHERN LOCATIONS ON MONDAY. THE
CHANCE FOR SHOWERS MAY FURTHER DIMINISH TUESDAY WHEN WEAK HIGH
PRESSURE IS EXPECTED TO BUILD OVER THE GREAT LAKES.

&&

.NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM MONDAY MORNING/...
SURFACE ANALYSIS SHOWS WEAK LOW PRESSURE CENTERED NEAR CINCINNATI
POSITIONED ALONG A FRONT EXTENDING SW TO NE. DEW POINT PLOT SHOWS
LOW TO MID 60S OVER KENTUCKY AND SOUTHERN OHIO SOUTH OF THE LOW
CENTER...WITH UPPER 50S ACROSS OHIO AND INDIANA NORTH OF THE LOW.
LAPS SFC BASED CAPES ARE IN THE 1000 TO 1600 J/KG RANGE.

THUNDERSTORMS ARE DEVELOPING AND STRENGTHENING IN THE INCREASINGLY
UNSTABLE ENVIRONMENT. WITH A STRONG MID LEVEL FLOW OF 50+ KNOTS
ENHANCING STORM ORGANIZATION AND STRENGTH...A FEW CELLS ARE
NEARING SEVERE LIMITS. THUS...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 133 IS IN
EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM. THEREAFTER...INSTABILITY WILL DECLINE WITH LOSS
OF DAYTIME HEATING...AND STORM STRENGTH WILL DIMINISH OVERNIGHT.

HOWEVER...ANOTHER WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE ARRIVING FROM THE WEST IS
EXPECTED TO RESULT IN SHOWER AND THUNDERSTORM REDEVELOPMENT AFTER
SUNSET...AFFECTING MAINLY NORTHERN COUNTIES.

TEMPERATURES TONIGHT WILL VARY RELATIVE TO THE LOCATION OF THE
SLOW MOVING BOUNDARY. LOWS ARE FORECAST TO RANGE FROM ABOUT 50
NORTHWEST BEHIND THE FRONT...TO THE UPPER 50S SOUTH OF THE FRONT.

&&

.SHORT TERM /6 AM MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT/...
FRONTAL BOUNDARY IS FORECAST TO BE SAGGING SOUTHWARD THROUGH
KENTUCKY MONDAY MORNING AND AFTERNOON...TO TENNESSEE MONDAY
EVENING. ADDITIONAL WAVES OF LOW PRESSURE RIPPLING ALONG THE
BOUNDARY WILL ENHANCE LIFT AND MOISTURE...PROVIDING GOOD CHANCES
FOR SHOWERS...WITH A FEW THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE IN SOUTHEASTERN
LOCATIONS THAT WILL BE CLOSER TO THE BULK OF INSTABILITY AND
MOISTURE. INSTABILITY ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE BOUNDARY MAY BE TOO
WEAK TO SUPPORT SEVERE STORMS. SHOWER CHANCES WILL DIMINISH BUT
NOT DISAPPEAR MONDAY NIGHT AS THE BOUNDARY CONTINUES SOUTH AND
WEAK HIGH PRESSURE BUILDS FROM THE NORTHWEST.

HIGH TEMPERATURES WILL RANGE FROM AROUND 60 FAR NORTHWEST UP TO
THE MID 70S FAR SOUTHEAST.

&&

.LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
UPPER LEVEL TROF LAGS SFC LOW WHICH IS TO OUR EAST ON TUESDAY. THIS
WILL KEEP THE THREAT OF A SHOWER OVER ILN/S SE COUNTIES EARLY TUESDAY.
MODELS SOLNS HAVE BEEN TRENDING SLOWER WITH PCPN ENDING.
TEMPERATURES WILL BE A LTL BELOW NORMAL...WITH HIGHS IN THE
LOWER/MID 60S.

NUMERICAL MODEL SOLNS GENERALLY SIMILAR WITH NRN STREAM TROF
SHARPENING UP AND DIGGING SOUTH ACRS THE GREAT LAKES/OHIO VALLEY AT
MID WEEK. THIS WILL ALLOW A SFC COLD FRONT TO DROP SOUTH THRU ILN/S
FA WEDNESDAY AFTN. INSTABILITY CONTS TO BE MARGINAL...SO HAVE
ELECTED TO KEEP PCPN MENTION TO CHANCE OF SHOWERS. TEMPERATURES WILL
BE SLIGHTLY BELOW NORMAL WITH HIGHS WED FROM THE LOWER 60S NORTH TO
THE UPPER 60S SOUTH.

UPPER LOW CLOSES OFF THURSDAY AND SETTLES INTO THE UPPER OHIO
VALLEY. THIS WILL KEEP A LOW POP CHANCE OF A SHOWER IN THE FCST WITH
THE BEST THREAT OVER ILN/S EASTERN COUNTIES. UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF
THIS UPPER LOW TEMPERATURES WILL BE CLOSE TO 10 DEGREES BELOW NORMAL
THURSDAY WITH HIGHS FROM THE UPPER 50S NORTH TO NEAR 60 FAR SOUTH.

SOME MODEL SOLN TIMING AND PLACEMENT DIFFERENCES DEVELOP IN HANDLING
THIS UPPER LOW BUT THE GENERAL TREND TAKES IT OFF TO OUR EAST NEXT
WEEKEND. THIS WILL ALLOW PCPN TO END EARLY FRIDAY. SOME MODERATION
EXPECTED WITH HIGHS FRIDAY IN THE LOWER AND MIDDLE 60S.

IN THE WAKE OF THIS UPPER LEVEL LOW...HEIGHT RISES AND SFC HIGH TO
BUILD IN SATURDAY. THIS WILL LEAD TO DRY WEATHER AND A MODERATION OF
TEMPERATURES. EXPECT HIGHS SATURDAY TO RANGE FROM THE UPPER 60S
NORTH TO 70 SOUTH.

E-W SFC FRONT TO DROP INTO THE REGION NEXT SUNDAY FROM THE NORTH.
CONFIDENCE IS NOT REAL HIGH WITH THIS FEATURE...SO HAVE ONLY ADDED
SLIGHT CHC/CHC POPS FOR A SHOWER. TEMPERATURES LOOK TO WARM ABOVE
NORMAL WITH HIGHS SUNDAY FROM 70 TO 75.

&&

.AVIATION /19Z SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
SOME PATCHES OF MVFR CEILINGS WILL REMAIN IN PLACE FOR ANOTHER FEW
HOURS. SHOWER AND THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT IS EXPECTED OVER THE
NEXT SEVERAL HOURS AS WELL...AND A TEMPO GROUP FOR SHOWERS HAS
BEEN INCLUDED FOR MOST OF THE TAF SITES THIS AFTERNOON. THE
GREATEST CHANCE FOR THUNDERSTORMS IS LIKELY TO OCCUR SOUTH AND
EAST OF THE AIRPORTS...BUT THUNDER COULD BE INCLUDED IN THE TAFS
IF NECESSARY IN FUTURE UPDATES.

WINDS WILL SHIFT FROM THE SOUTHWEST TO THE NORTHWEST GOING THROUGH
THE OVERNIGHT HOURS. ANOTHER CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION WILL OCCUR
LATE TONIGHT AND INTO THE OVERNIGHT HOURS...MORE LIKELY FOR THE
DAYTON AND COLUMBUS TAF SITES. SOME MVFR CONDITIONS WILL BE
POSSIBLE. HOWEVER...BY EARLY MONDAY MORNING...LOW-END MVFR
CEILINGS (POSSIBLY IFR) WILL MOVE INTO THE NORTHERN TAF SITES.

OUTLOOK...MVFR CEILINGS MAY OCCUR ON MONDAY MORNING. MVFR
VISIBILITIES IN RAIN ARE ALSO POSSIBLE ON MONDAY. MVFR CEILINGS
ARE POSSIBLE AGAIN WEDNESDAY NIGHT INTO THURSDAY.

&&

.ILN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OH...NONE.
KY...NONE.
IN...NONE.

&&

SYNOPSIS...CONIGLIO
NEAR TERM...CONIGLIO
SHORT TERM...CONIGLIO
LONG TERM...AR
AVIATION...HATZOS

Hazardous weather outlook, May 1, 5:05 AM EDT, 12 hours 8 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
505 AM EDT SUN MAY 1 2016

INZ050-058-059-066-073>075-080-KYZ089>100-OHZ026-034-035-042>046-
051>056-060>065-070>074-077>082-088-020915-
WAYNE-FAYETTE IN-UNION IN-FRANKLIN IN-RIPLEY-DEARBORN-OHIO-
SWITZERLAND-CARROLL-GALLATIN-BOONE-KENTON-CAMPBELL-OWEN-GRANT-
PENDLETON-BRACKEN-ROBERTSON-MASON-LEWIS-HARDIN-MERCER-AUGLAIZE-DARKE-
SHELBY-LOGAN-UNION OH-DELAWARE-MIAMI-CHAMPAIGN-CLARK-MADISON-
FRANKLIN OH-LICKING-PREBLE-MONTGOMERY-GREENE-FAYETTE OH-PICKAWAY-
FAIRFIELD-BUTLER-WARREN-CLINTON-ROSS-HOCKING-HAMILTON-CLERMONT-BROWN-
HIGHLAND-ADAMS-PIKE-SCIOTO-
505 AM EDT SUN MAY 1 2016

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR EAST CENTRAL
INDIANA...SOUTHEAST INDIANA...NORTHEAST KENTUCKY...NORTHERN
KENTUCKY...CENTRAL OHIO...SOUTHWEST OHIO AND WEST CENTRAL OHIO.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT.
SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP TODAY. SOME OF
THESE STORMS COULD BE STRONG TO SEVERE. HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS
ARE EXPECTED TO BE THE MAIN THREATS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE REQUIRED.

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 1, 4:14 PM EDT, 59 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
414 PM EDT SUN MAY 01 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0359 PM     HAIL             2 S DELAWARE            40.27N 83.07W
05/01/2016  M0.88 INCH       DELAWARE           OH   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

JGIBSON

Special weather statement, May 1, 4:40 PM EDT, 33 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
440 PM EDT SUN MAY 1 2016

KYZ100-012115-
LEWIS KY-
440 PM EDT SUN MAY 1 2016

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT CENTRAL LEWIS COUNTY UNTIL 515
PM EDT...

AT 440 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM OVER CAMP
DIX...MOVING EAST AT 35 MPH.

STORM HAZARDS INCLUDE...
WINDS TO 40 MPH...
ONE HALF INCH DIAMETER HAIL...
VERY HEAVY RAIN...

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
VANCEBURG AND CAMP DIX.

WATER WILL POND ON ROADS AND MAY QUICKLY FILL ROADSIDE DITCHES AND
SMALL STREAMS.

TO REPORT HAZARDOUS WEATHER CONDITIONS...GO TO OUR WEBSITE AT
WEATHER.GOV/ILN AND SUBMIT YOUR REPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA...WHEN YOU
CAN DO SO SAFELY.

LAT...LON 3842 8342 3856 8342 3863 8307 3859 8307
      3857 8310 3854 8312 3853 8312 3854 8314
      3850 8317 3849 8319 3847 8319 3845 8320
      3845 8321 3844 8321 3843 8324 3841 8324
TIME...MOT...LOC 2040Z 270DEG 29KT 3850 8331

KC

Local storm report, May 1, 4:42 PM EDT, 31 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
442 PM EDT SUN MAY 01 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0359 PM     HAIL             2 SE DELAWARE           40.28N 83.04W
05/01/2016  M1.25 INCH       DELAWARE           OH   PUBLIC

            PHOTO VERIFIED

&&

JGIBSON

Special weather statement, May 1, 4:50 PM EDT, 23 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
450 PM EDT SUN MAY 1 2016

KYZ097>099-012115-
BRACKEN KY-MASON KY-ROBERTSON KY-
450 PM EDT SUN MAY 1 2016

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHERN BRACKEN...WEST CENTRAL
MASON AND ROBERTSON COUNTIES UNTIL 515 PM EDT...

AT 450 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR
BROOKSVILLE...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 25 MPH.

STORM HAZARDS INCLUDE...
WINDS TO 40 MPH...
PEA SIZE HAIL...
VERY HEAVY RAIN...

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
BROOKSVILLE...ABIGAIL...US ROUTE 62 AT STATE ROUTE 875 AND HITTVILLE.

WATER WILL POND ON ROADS AND MAY QUICKLY FILL ROADSIDE DITCHES AND
SMALL STREAMS.

TO REPORT HAZARDOUS WEATHER CONDITIONS...GO TO OUR WEBSITE AT
WEATHER.GOV/ILN AND SUBMIT YOUR REPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA...WHEN YOU
CAN DO SO SAFELY.

LAT...LON 3853 8418 3854 8416 3856 8416 3856 8418
      3855 8421 3856 8422 3857 8420 3860 8420
      3861 8421 3863 8421 3875 8414 3859 8387
      3851 8418
TIME...MOT...LOC 2050Z 233DEG 20KT 3859 8412

KC

Local storm report, May 1, 5:10 PM EDT, 3 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
510 PM EDT SUN MAY 01 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0440 PM     FLOOD            3 SSE MONTEREY          38.38N 84.84W
05/01/2016                   OWEN               KY   AMATEUR RADIO

            FLOODING ON SR 127 VERIFIED WITH PHOTO

&&

JGIBSON

Special weather statement, May 1, 5:13 PM EDT, 0 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
513 PM EDT SUN MAY 1 2016

OHZ056-012145-
LICKING OH-
513 PM EDT SUN MAY 1 2016

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT EASTERN LICKING COUNTY UNTIL 545
PM EDT...

AT 512 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR UTICA...
MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 45 MPH.

STORM HAZARDS INCLUDE...
WINDS TO 40 MPH...
ONE HALF INCH DIAMETER HAIL...
VERY HEAVY RAIN...

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
NEWARK...HEATH...GRANVILLE...UTICA...HANOVER...GRANVILLE SOUTH...ST.
LOUISVILLE...GRATIOT...PURITY...BROWNSVILLE...US ROUTE 62 AT STATE ROUTE
661...FREDONIA AND TOBOSO.

THIS INCLUDES I-70 IN OHIO BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 140 AND 142...AND NEAR
MILE MARKER 144.

WATER WILL POND ON ROADS AND MAY QUICKLY FILL ROADSIDE DITCHES AND
SMALL STREAMS.

TO REPORT HAZARDOUS WEATHER CONDITIONS...GO TO OUR WEBSITE AT
WEATHER.GOV/ILN AND SUBMIT YOUR REPORT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA...WHEN YOU
CAN DO SO SAFELY.

LAT...LON 3995 8220 3995 8223 3992 8224 4010 8260
      4026 8250 4025 8248 4024 8243 4019 8219
TIME...MOT...LOC 2112Z 295DEG 38KT 4015 8246

KC

The office that day

Everything else NWS Wilmington, OH issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
May 1, 2:34 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Logan	26 min
May 1, 2:36 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Delaware	24 min
May 1, 2:52 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Delaware, Logan, Union	23 min
May 1, 3:19 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Delaware, Union	41 min
May 1, 3:53 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Adams, Brown	41 min
May 1, 4:00 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Delaware	30 min
May 1, 4:19 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	ILN	Adams, Scioto	3 hr
May 1, 6:05 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Mercer	25 min
May 1, 6:24 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Hamilton	36 min
May 1, 6:41 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Clermont, Hamilton	34 min
May 1, 7:05 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Warren	25 min
May 1, 7:28 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	ILN	Hocking	2 hr
May 1, 7:32 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Warren	43 min
May 1, 7:56 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Warren	34 min
May 1, 3:06 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Robertson	24 min
May 1, 3:13 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Mason, Robertson	32 min
May 1, 3:40 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Lewis, Mason	36 min
May 1, 3:58 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Owen	47 min
May 1, 4:03 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Lewis	42 min
May 1, 4:06 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Lewis	24 min
May 1, 4:18 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Lewis	27 min
May 1, 4:19 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	ILN	Owen	116 min
May 1, 4:30 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Grant, Owen, Pendleton	45 min
May 1, 4:40 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Lewis	35 min
May 1, 4:50 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Bracken	25 min
May 1, 5:02 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Bracken, Mason, Pendleton, Robertson	33 min
May 1, 5:12 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	ILN	Bracken, Mason, Pendleton, Robertson	3 hr
May 1, 6:28 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Dearborn, Ripley	32 min
May 1, 6:46 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ILN	Ripley	44 min
May 1, 7:35 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Franklin	25 min

Nearby

Special Weather Statements in Ohio, 2016 Every special weather statement in 2016

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.