Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Mesoscale Discussions in 2015

Mesoscale Discussion 39

January 23, 201512 counties in New Jersey; 12 counties in New York; 21 counties in Pennsylvania

The Storm Prediction Center issued this mesoscale discussion at Jan 23, 2015, 11:48 PM EST for 12 counties in New Jersey; 12 counties in New York; 21 counties in Pennsylvania. It was in force for 6 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Jan 23, 2015, 11:48 PM EST (04:48 UTC)
Expired
Jan 24, 2015, 5:45 AM EST
In force
6 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
All 45 counties

Bergen County, NJ, Essex County, NJ, Hudson County, NJ, Hunterdon County, NJ, Mercer County, NJ, Middlesex County, NJ, Morris County, NJ, Passaic County, NJ, Somerset County, NJ, Sussex County, NJ, Union County, NJ, Warren County, NJ, Bronx County, NY, Dutchess County, NY, Kings County, NY, Nassau County, NY, New York County, NY, Orange County, NY, Putnam County, NY, Queens County, NY, Richmond County, NY, Rockland County, NY, Suffolk County, NY, Westchester County, NY, Berks County, PA, Bucks County, PA, Carbon County, PA, Columbia County, PA, Dauphin County, PA, Juniata County, PA, Lackawanna County, PA, Lebanon County, PA, Lehigh County, PA, Luzerne County, PA, Mifflin County, PA, Monroe County, PA, Montgomery County, PA, Montour County, PA, Northampton County, PA, Northumberland County, PA, Perry County, PA, Pike County, PA, Schuylkill County, PA, Snyder County, PA, Union County, PA

The radar

The Philadelphia radar (KDIX), 103 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 04:52 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Brookhaven, NY (KOKX), launched 00:00Z, 4.8 hours before the alert went out and 149 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Brookhaven, NY at 00:00Z on 2015-01-24Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Brookhaven, NY at 00:00Z on 2015-01-24The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 187 square meters per square second.1939587897117136156Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1049 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
57 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
187 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
254 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

747 
ACUS11 KWNS 240448
SWOMCD
SPC MCD 240448 
CTZ000-NYZ000-NJZ000-PAZ000-241045-

MESOSCALE DISCUSSION 0039
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
1048 PM CST FRI JAN 23 2015

AREAS AFFECTED...PORTIONS OF CNTRL AND ERN PA...CNTRL/NRN NJ...SE NY
INCLUDING NYC AND LONG ISLAND...PORTIONS OF CT

CONCERNING...HEAVY SNOW 

VALID 240448Z - 241045Z

SUMMARY...HEAVY SNOW WILL BE DEVELOPING OVERNIGHT TONIGHT --
ESPECIALLY FROM 06Z TO 09Z -- FROM PORTIONS OF THE CNTRL
APPALACHIANS ENEWD TO SRN NEW ENGLAND AND THE LONG ISLAND
COAST...INCLUDING THE NEW YORK CITY METROPOLITAN AREA. LOCAL
SNOWFALL RATES TO 1 INCH PER HOUR WILL BE POSSIBLE.

DISCUSSION...MOSAIC RADAR IMAGERY INDICATES A SHIELD OF WIDESPREAD
PRECIPITATION EXTENDING FROM THE MID-ATLANTIC TO THE OHIO
VALLEY...EMBEDDED WITHIN A BROAD WARM-ADVECTION ZONE ANALYZED AT
H85. THIS PRECIPITATION WILL CONTINUE TO SPREAD ENEWD THROUGH THE
NIGHT...AS RELATED ISENTROPIC ASCENT IS MAINTAINED WELL DOWNSTREAM
OF A POSITIVELY TILTED MIDLEVEL TROUGH...WHICH WATER VAPOR LOOPS
DEPICT AS EXTENDING FROM THE MIDDLE OH VALLEY TO THE LOWER MS
VALLEY. RECENT SFC OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST 2-HOURLY PRESSURE FALLS
AROUND 3.5-4.5 MB FROM SERN VA TO ERN NC...MOST LIKELY A REFLECTION
OF INCREASING LARGE-SCALE ASCENT PRECEDING THE TROUGH BECOMING
JUXTAPOSED WITH A NE/SW-ORIENTED BAROCLINIC ZONE/INVERTED TROUGH
ANALYZED ROUGHLY 40-75 MILES INLAND FROM THE COAST. SFC LOW PRESSURE
IS FORECAST TO CONSOLIDATE/DEEPEN FROM THIS INTERACTION AND MOVE OFF
THE COAST...WITH A CORRESPONDING INCREASE IN WAA AND FRONTOGENETIC
ASCENT TO ITS N. IN TURN...PRESENT PRECIPITATION INTENSITY WILL BE
MAINTAINED...OR PERHAPS INCREASE...ACROSS THE DISCUSSION
AREA...PARTICULARLY AS A DEFORMATION BAND BECOMES ESTABLISHED WELL
N/NW OF THE EVOLVING SFC CYCLONE.

SUBJECTIVE SPATIAL INTERPOLATION BETWEEN THE 00Z IAD AND OKX RAOBS
SUGGESTS NEAR- TO BELOW-FREEZING TEMPERATURES EXISTING...AND
CONTINUING TO EXIST...THROUGHOUT THE TROPOSPHERE ACROSS THE MCD
AREA. THIS IS ESPECIALLY THE CASE GIVEN CONTINUED NOCTURNAL DIABATIC
COOLING AND MODEST ADIABATIC COOLING ASSOCIATED WITH DCVA PRECEDING
THE APPROACHING MIDLEVEL TROUGH. WHERE SFC TEMPERATURES REMAIN
SLIGHTLY ABOVE 0C FROM SERN PA TO CNTRL NJ...WET-BULB-ZERO HEIGHTS
WILL GENERALLY REMAIN AOB 500 FT AGL -- AS AFFIRMED BY RAP FORECAST
SOUNDINGS AND INTERPOLATED OBSERVED SOUNDINGS. AS SUCH...SNOW IS
FORECAST TO BE THE PREDOMINANT PRECIPITATION TYPE ACROSS THE
DISCUSSION AREA...WITH DEEP...NEAR-ISOTHERMAL/NEAR-0-C LAYERS
FOSTERING EFFICIENT GROWTH OF SNOW AGGREGATES. AS SUCH...SNOWFALL
RATES WILL LOCALLY REACH 1 INCH PER HOUR. SUCH RATES IN HEAVY SNOW
WILL LIKELY MATERIALIZE BETWEEN 06Z AND 09Z FROM CNTRL PA TO CNTRL
NJ...WHILE SPREADING ENEWD TOWARD THE NEW YORK CITY AREA AND SRN NEW
ENGLAND THROUGH THE LATE-NIGHT HOURS.

VERY LATE TONIGHT...GENERALLY AFTER 10Z...IT IS POSSIBLE THAT
STRENGTHENING ONSHORE FLOW ALONG THE E-CNTRL NJ COAST -- IN RESPONSE
TO CYCLOGENESIS FARTHER SOUTH -- MAY SUPPORT SUFFICIENT LOW-LEVEL
WARMING FOR PRECIPITATION TO MIX WITH AND/OR CHANGE TO RAIN.
HOWEVER...THIS WILL GENERALLY BE IN A CONFINED AREA NEAR THE COAST
WHERE OCEANIC HEAT FLUXES ARE MAINTAINED INLAND ONLY OVER A MODEST
DISPLACEMENT.

..COHEN.. 01/24/2015

...PLEASE SEE WWW.SPC.NOAA.GOV FOR GRAPHIC PRODUCT...

ATTN...WFO...BOX...OKX...ALY...PHI...BGM...CTP...

LAT...LON   41797444 41737248 41067195 40797273 40627320 40507391
            40297437 40067518 40187697 40517822 41007773 41797444

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jan 24, 5:47 AM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPC6 hr

Nearby

Mesoscale Discussions in Pennsylvania, 2015Mesoscale Discussions in New Jersey, 2015Mesoscale Discussions in New York, 2015Every mesoscale discussion in 2015

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.