Alert archive / Texas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2015

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 206, NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX

August 12, 2015Kinney County, Maverick County, Texas

NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Aug 12, 2015, 6:01 PM CDT for Kinney County, Maverick County, Texas. It was in force for 29 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Aug 12, 2015, 6:01 PM CDT (23:01 UTC)
Expired: Aug 12, 2015, 6:30 PM CDT
In force: 29 min
Issued by: NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 0.75 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

Counties Kinney County, TX, Maverick County, TX

The radar

The Laughlin AFB radar (KDFX), 33 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:05 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Del Rio, TX (KDLF), launched 12:00Z, 11.0 hours before the alert went out and 45 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 289 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -213 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1698 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 15 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: -78 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: -41 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

654 
WUUS54 KEWX 122301
SVREWX
TXC271-323-122330-
/O.NEW.KEWX.SV.W.0206.150812T2301Z-150812T2330Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
601 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN AUSTIN SAN ANTONIO HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHERN MAVERICK COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS...
  SOUTHERN KINNEY COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS...

* UNTIL 630 PM CDT

* AT 600 PM CDT...A CLUSTER OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WAS LOCATED NEAR 
  SPOFFORD... MOVING SOUTHWEST AT 25 MPH.

  HAZARD...60 MPH WIND GUSTS. 

  SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED. 

  IMPACT...EXPECT DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING AND TREES. 

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  SPOFFORD...ANACACHO...DARLING AND LAUGHLIN AFB AUX FIELD. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

THIS IS A DANGEROUS SITUATION. THIS STORM HAS PRODUCED WIDESPREAD
WIND DAMAGE ACROSS KINNEY COUNTY INCLUDING THE CITY OF BRACKETVILLE. 
SEEK SHELTER NOW INSIDE A STURDY STRUCTURE AND STAY AWAY FROM 
WINDOWS.

TORRENTIAL RAINFALL IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM...AND MAY LEAD TO
FLASH FLOODING. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED ROADWAYS.

&&

LAT...LON 2884 10030 2903 10066 2907 10066 2910 10067
      2912 10072 2914 10074 2915 10074 2917 10077
      2933 10056 2916 10011 2885 10012
TIME...MOT...LOC 2300Z 028DEG 22KT 2917 10048 

HAIL...<.75IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

TB3

1 follow-up statement

045 
WWUS54 KEWX 122314
SVSEWX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
614 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

TXC271-323-122330-
/O.CON.KEWX.SV.W.0206.000000T0000Z-150812T2330Z/
MAVERICK TX-KINNEY TX-
614 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 630 PM CDT
FOR NORTHERN MAVERICK AND SOUTHWESTERN KINNEY COUNTIES...

AT 614 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED 8 MILES SOUTHWEST
OF SPOFFORD...MOVING SOUTHWEST AT 25 MPH.

HAZARD...60 MPH WIND GUSTS. 

SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED. 

IMPACT...EXPECT DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING AND TREES. 

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
SPOFFORD...DARLING AND LAUGHLIN AFB AUX FIELD. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

&&

LAT...LON 2884 10030 2903 10066 2907 10066 2910 10067
      2912 10072 2914 10074 2915 10074 2917 10077
      2933 10056 2910 10021 2885 10012
TIME...MOT...LOC 2314Z 028DEG 22KT 2909 10053 

HAIL...<.75IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

TB3

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Aug 12, 2:45 PM CDT, 3 hours 16 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Aug 12, 2:45 PM CDT, 3 hours 16 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
245 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

.SHORT TERM (TONIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT)...
UPPER AIR ANALYSIS THIS MORNING SHOWED A HIGH AMPLITUDE RIDGE FROM
TEXAS TO MONTANA WITH A LOW APPROACHING NORTHERN CALIFORNIA. AT
THE SURFACE...A FRONTAL BOUNDARY WAS STRETCHED ACROSS CENTRAL
TEXAS FROM CROCKETT TO GEORGETOWN TO VAN HORN. THE SURFACE
PRESSURE GRADIENT WAS WEAK AND WINDS WERE GENERALLY LIGHT AND
VARIABLE. TEMPERATURES AND DEW POINTS WERE WITHIN A COUPLE OF
DEGREES OF WHERE THEY WERE 24 HOURS AGO. THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY WILL
SLOWLY DROP THROUGH OUR CWA AND THIS MAY PRODUCE ENOUGH LIFT TO
TRIGGER SOME THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING. THE CHANCE FOR STORMS IS
LOW...BUT ANY STORMS THAT DO FORM COULD PRODUCE 40 TO 50 MPH WIND
GUSTS. WITH THE BOUNDARY STILL IN THE REGION...SLIGHT CHANCES FOR
THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE ON FRIDAY WEST OF A LINE FROM
FREDERICKSBURG TO NEW BRAUNFELS TO LAGRANGE. STRONG WINDS WILL
AGAIN BE POSSIBLE. THURSDAY WILL BE ANOTHER HOT DAY WITH HIGHS AT
OR ABOVE 100 IN MOST PLACES OUTSIDE THE HILL COUNTRY. HEAT INDEX
WILL LIKELY BE ABOVE ADVISORY CRITERIA THURSDAY AFTERNOON ACROSS
THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE CWA AND A HEAT ADVISORY MAY BE NEEDED.

&&

.LONG TERM (FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY)...
THE UPPER LEVEL PATTERN WILL SLOWLY EVOLVE OVER THE END OF THE
WEEK. A TROUGH WILL DIG DOWN ACROSS THE EAST AND ERODE THE EASTERN
SIDE OF THE RIDGE. A WEAK LOW WILL BREAK OFF FROM THE TROUGH OVER
THE GULF AND MOVE TO THE WEST INTO TEXAS. IT SHOULD COME INTO
SOUTHEASTERN TEXAS DURING THE EARLY PART OF NEXT WEEK. THIS WILL
MEAN LOW CHANCES FOR SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS EACH AFTERNOON AND
EVENING THROUGH TUESDAY. CHANCES WILL BE 30 PERCENT OR LESS AND
THE LOCATION OF BEST RAIN CHANCES WILL MOVE AROUND FROM DAY TO
DAY.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
AUSTIN CAMP MABRY              78 101  78 100  76 /  10  10  -   -   -
AUSTIN BERGSTROM INTL AIRPORT  75 101  74  99  72 /  10  10  -   -   -
NEW BRAUNFELS MUNI AIRPORT     77 102  76  99  74 /  20  20  10  -   -
BURNET MUNI AIRPORT            76  99  76  98  74 /  10  10  -   -   -
DEL RIO INTL AIRPORT           78 103  79 102  78 /  20  20  10  10  20
GEORGETOWN MUNI AIRPORT        76 100  76  98  75 /  10  10  -   -   -
HONDO MUNI AIRPORT             76 101  75  99  73 /  20  20  10  -   10
SAN MARCOS MUNI AIRPORT        77 101  76  99  74 /  20  10  10  -   -
LA GRANGE - FAYETTE REGIONAL   77 101  77  99  75 /  20  20  10  -   -
SAN ANTONIO INTL AIRPORT       79 101  78  99  76 /  20  20  10  -   -
STINSON MUNI AIRPORT           78 102  77  99  76 /  30  20  10  -   -

&&

.EWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
HEAT ADVISORY UNTIL 8 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR THE FOLLOWING
COUNTIES: ATASCOSA...BASTROP...BEXAR...CALDWELL...COMAL...DE WITT...
FAYETTE...FRIO...GONZALES...GUADALUPE...HAYS...KARNES...LAVACA...
LEE...MEDINA...TRAVIS...WILLIAMSON...WILSON.

&&

MESOSCALE/AVIATION...TREADWAY
SYNOPTIC/GRIDS...05
PUBLIC SERVICE/DATA COLLECTION...30

Hazardous weather outlook, Aug 12, 4:05 AM CDT, 13 hours 56 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
405 AM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

TXZ171>173-183>194-202>209-217>225-228-130915-
LLANO-BURNET-WILLIAMSON-VAL VERDE-EDWARDS-REAL-KERR-BANDERA-
GILLESPIE-KENDALL-BLANCO-HAYS-TRAVIS-BASTROP-LEE-KINNEY-UVALDE-
MEDINA-BEXAR-COMAL-GUADALUPE-CALDWELL-FAYETTE-MAVERICK-ZAVALA-
FRIO-ATASCOSA-WILSON-KARNES-GONZALES-DE WITT-LAVACA-DIMMIT-
405 AM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT.

ANOTHER HOT DAY IS EXPECTED ACROSS SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS WITH HIGH
TEMPERATURES REACHING THE UPPER 90S ACROSS THE HILL COUNTRY AND UP
TO 105 ELSEWHERE. HEAT INDEX VALUES ARE FORECAST TO REACH THE 105
TO 110 MARK THIS AFTERNOON ALONG AND EAST OF I-35. A HEAT ADVISORY
IS IN EFFECT FOR AREAS ALONG AND EAST OF INTERSTATE 35 FROM NOON
THROUGH 8 PM THIS EVENING.

ALSO...ISOLATED TO SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE
POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING. ANY STORMS THAT
DEVELOP WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING GUSTY WINDS OF 40 TO 50 MPH.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY.

HOT TEMPERATURES WILL CONTINUE ACROSS ALL OF SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS
THROUGH THIS WEEKEND. HEAT INDEX VALUES NEAR HEAT ADVISORY LEVELS
OF 108 DEGREES ARE POSSIBLE IN A FEW SPOTS ALONG AND EAST OF I-35
ON THURSDAY DURING THE AFTERNOON INTO EARLY EVENING HOURS. A HEAT
ADVISORY MAY BE NEEDED FOR SOME AREAS EAST OF INTERSTATE
35 ON THURSDAY AFTERNOON.

ISOLATED TO SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE
THURSDAY AFTERNOON. ANY STORMS THAT DEVELOP WILL BE CAPABLE OF
PRODUCING GUSTY WINDS OF 40 TO 50 MPH DURING THE AFTERNOON HOURS.

NO OTHER HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED FOR THE EXTENDED PERIOD AT
THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT ANTICIPATED.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Aug 12, 5:04 PM CDT, 57 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
504 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0435 PM     TSTM WND GST     2 SE CASTROVILLE        29.33N  98.85W
08/12/2015  M64 MPH          MEDINA             TX   AWOS

            MEASURED WIND GUST BY AWOS AT CASTROVILLE MUNICIPAL
            AIRPORT.

&&

EVENT NUMBER EWX1500758

BF

Special weather statement, Aug 12, 5:07 PM CDT, 54 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
507 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

TXZ203-204-218-219-122245-
FRIO TX-ZAVALA TX-MEDINA TX-UVALDE TX-
507 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SOUTHEASTERN UVALDE...
NORTHEASTERN ZAVALA...SOUTHERN MEDINA AND NORTHWESTERN FRIO COUNTIES
UNTIL 545 PM CDT...

AT 507 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR
YANCEY...OR 10 MILES SOUTH OF HONDO...MOVING SOUTHWEST AT 30 MPH.

WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
HONDO...DEVINE...MOORE...NATALIA...FRIO TOWN...YANCEY...BIRY...BLUFF
AND BIGFOOT.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM.
LIGHTNING CAN STRIKE 10 MILES AWAY FROM A THUNDERSTORM. SEEK A SAFE
SHELTER INSIDE A BUILDING OR VEHICLE.

THIS STORM MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND
TV STATIONS...AS WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS...FOR ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

&&

LAT...LON 2939 9911 2914 9880 2881 9937 2917 9967
TIME...MOT...LOC 2207Z 066DEG 24KT 2921 9920

TB3

Local storm report, Aug 12, 5:27 PM CDT, 34 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
527 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0455 PM     TSTM WND DMG     BRACKETTVILLE           29.32N 100.41W
08/12/2015                   KINNEY             TX   TRAINED SPOTTER

            LARGE TREES BLOWN DOWN ONTO ROADS...POWERLINES BLOWN
            DOWN....ROOF BLOWN OFF

&&

EVENT NUMBER EWX1500759

CVP

Local storm report, Aug 12, 5:28 PM CDT, 33 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
528 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0507 PM     TSTM WND DMG     BRACKETTVILLE           29.32N 100.41W
08/12/2015                   KINNEY             TX   TRAINED SPOTTER

            LARGE TREES BLOWN DOWN ONTO ROADS...POWERLINES BLOWN
            DOWN....ROOF BLOWN OFF

&&

CORRECTED EVENT TIME

EVENT NUMBER EWX1500759

CVP

Local storm report, Aug 12, 5:53 PM CDT, 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
553 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0507 PM     TSTM WND DMG     BRACKETTVILLE           29.32N 100.41W
08/12/2015                   KINNEY             TX   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            WIDESPREAD THUNDERSTORM WIND DAMAGE ACROSS
            BRACKETTVILLE...TREES AND POWERLINES BLOWN DOWN

&&

EVENT NUMBER EWX1500760

CVP

Special weather statement, Aug 12, 5:58 PM CDT, 3 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
558 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

TXZ217-122345-
MAVERICK TX-
558 PM CDT WED AUG 12 2015

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR CENTRAL MAVERICK COUNTY UNTIL 645
PM CDT...

AT 555 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING STRONG OUTFLOW
WINDS EXTENDING FROM 5 MILES SOUTH OF QUEMADO TO THE MAVERICK AND
ZAVALA COUNTY LINE...AND MOVING SOUTH AT 30 MPH.

WIND GUSTS OF 50 TO 55 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THESE OUTFLOW WINDS.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
EAGLE PASS...EL INDIO...RADAR BASE...ROSITA NORTH...ROSITA SOUTH...
NORMANDY...PALOMA...FARIAS LAKE...ELM CREEK...EIDSON ROAD...SECO
MINES AND LAS QUINTAS FRONTERIZAS.

LAT...LON 2852 10039 2855 10041 2858 10040 2861 10045
      2864 10045 2866 10050 2874 10051 2876 10053
      2880 10053 2883 10055 2883 10058 2889 10059
      2890 10063 2894 10065 2897 10011 2851 10012
TIME...MOT...LOC 2255Z 335DEG 19KT 2892 10029 2890 10081

TB3

The office that day

Everything else NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Aug 11, 7:14 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Fayette	31 min
Aug 11, 7:49 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Caldwell	26 min
Aug 12, 3:30 AM CDT	Heat Advisory	EWX	Atascosa, Bastrop, Bexar, Caldwell, Comal, DeWitt and 12 more	17 hr
Aug 12, 3:31 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Uvalde	29 min
Aug 12, 3:50 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Kinney	25 min
Aug 12, 3:56 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Bexar	34 min
Aug 12, 4:03 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Kinney	42 min
Aug 12, 4:19 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Edwards, Kinney, Real, Uvalde	41 min
Aug 12, 4:25 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Val Verde	35 min
Aug 12, 4:30 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Medina	30 min
Aug 12, 4:32 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	EWX	Val Verde	28 min
Aug 12, 4:42 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	EWX	Kinney, Uvalde	33 min
Aug 12, 4:45 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Kinney	45 min
Aug 12, 4:59 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	EWX	Kinney, Maverick	31 min
Aug 12, 5:04 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	EWX	Edwards, Val Verde	41 min
Aug 12, 5:07 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Medina	38 min
Aug 12, 5:25 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	EWX	Kinney, Maverick	35 min
Aug 12, 5:58 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Maverick	47 min
Aug 12, 6:03 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Frio, Zavala	27 min
Aug 12, 6:06 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Caldwell	24 min
Aug 12, 6:27 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Zavala	33 min
Aug 12, 6:29 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	EWX	Maverick	31 min
Aug 12, 6:44 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	EWX	Dimmit, Zavala	31 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Texas, 2015 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2015

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.