Alert archive / Oklahoma / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2014

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 187, NWS Tulsa, OK

September 1, 2014Osage County, Washington County, Oklahoma

NWS Tulsa, OK issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Sep 1, 2014, 10:48 PM CDT for Osage County, Washington County, Oklahoma. It was in force for 42 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Sep 1, 2014, 10:48 PM CDT (03:48 UTC)
Expired: Sep 1, 2014, 11:30 PM CDT
In force: 42 min
Issued by: NWS Tulsa, OK
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 1.75 in
Wind: 70.0 mph

Counties Osage County, OK, Washington County, OK

The radar

The Tulsa radar (KINX), 72 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 03:51 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Sep 1, 3:33 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	7 hr
Sep 1, 9:42 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	5 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Springfield, MO (KSGF), launched 00:00Z, 3.8 hours before the alert went out and 197 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 2037 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -13 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1123 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 37 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 129 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 235 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 1.9
Supercell composite: 13.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

386 
WUUS54 KTSA 020348
SVRTSA
OKC113-147-020430-
/O.NEW.KTSA.SV.W.0187.140902T0348Z-140902T0430Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
1048 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TULSA HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  EAST CENTRAL OSAGE COUNTY IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA...
  WASHINGTON COUNTY IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA...

* UNTIL 1130 PM CDT

* AT 1046 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED NEAR PAWHUSKA...
  AND MOVING EAST AT 40 MPH.

  HAZARD...GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL AND 70 MPH WIND GUSTS.

  SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED.

  IMPACT...PEOPLE AND ANIMALS OUTDOORS WILL BE INJURED. EXPECT HAIL
           DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING...WINDOWS AND VEHICLES. EXPECT
           CONSIDERABLE TREE DAMAGE. WIND DAMAGE IS ALSO LIKELY TO
           MOBILE HOMES...ROOFS AND OUTBUILDINGS.

* LOCATIONS IN OR NEAR THE PATH INCLUDE...NELAGONEY...OSAGE HILLS
  STATE PARK...TALLANT...OKESA...BARTLESVILLE MUNICIPAL AIRPORT...
  BARTLESVILLE...OCHELATA...DEWEY AND RAMONA.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

&&

LAT...LON 3680 9581 3678 9581 3650 9582 3663 9639
      3680 9636
TIME...MOT...LOC 0349Z 278DEG 35KT 3670 9626

HAIL...1.75IN
WIND...70MPH

$$

3 follow-up statements

831 
WWUS54 KTSA 020403
SVSTSA

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
1103 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

OKC113-147-020430-
/O.CON.KTSA.SV.W.0187.000000T0000Z-140902T0430Z/
OSAGE OK-WASHINGTON OK-
1103 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR WASHINGTON AND
EAST CENTRAL OSAGE COUNTIES IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA UNTIL 1130 PM
CDT...

AT 1101 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED NEAR OKESA...AND
MOVING EAST AT 40 MPH.

HAZARD...GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL AND 60 MPH WIND GUSTS.

SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED.

IMPACT...PEOPLE AND ANIMALS OUTDOORS WILL BE INJURED. EXPECT HAIL
         DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING...WINDOWS AND VEHICLES. EXPECT WIND
         DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING AND TREES.

LOCATIONS IN OR NEAR THE PATH INCLUDE...BARTLESVILLE MUNICIPAL
  AIRPORT...BARTLESVILLE AND OCHELATA

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

&&

LAT...LON 3664 9630 3678 9628 3680 9581 3650 9582
TIME...MOT...LOC 0404Z 278DEG 35KT 3668 9613

HAIL...1.75IN
WIND...60MPH

$$

473 
WWUS54 KTSA 020414
SVSTSA

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
1114 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

OKC113-147-020430-
/O.CON.KTSA.SV.W.0187.000000T0000Z-140902T0430Z/
OSAGE OK-WASHINGTON OK-
1114 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR WASHINGTON AND
EAST CENTRAL OSAGE COUNTIES IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA UNTIL 1130 PM
CDT...

AT 1112 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED NEAR OKESA...AND
MOVING EAST AT 40 MPH.

HAZARD...GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL AND 60 MPH WIND GUSTS.

SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED.

IMPACT...PEOPLE AND ANIMALS OUTDOORS WILL BE INJURED. EXPECT HAIL
         DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING...WINDOWS AND VEHICLES. EXPECT WIND
         DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING AND TREES.

LOCATIONS IN OR NEAR THE PATH INCLUDE...BARTLESVILLE MUNICIPAL
  AIRPORT...BARTLESVILLE AND OCHELATA

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

&&

LAT...LON 3664 9630 3678 9628 3680 9581 3650 9582
TIME...MOT...LOC 0414Z 278DEG 35KT 3667 9607

HAIL...1.75IN
WIND...60MPH

$$

993 
WWUS54 KTSA 020421
SVSTSA

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
1121 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

OKC113-147-020431-
/O.EXP.KTSA.SV.W.0187.000000T0000Z-140902T0430Z/
OSAGE OK-WASHINGTON OK-
1121 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR WASHINGTON AND EAST CENTRAL
OSAGE COUNTIES IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA WILL EXPIRE AT 1130 PM CDT...

THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS WEAKENED BELOW SEVERE
LIMITS...AND NO LONGER POSES AN IMMEDIATE THREAT TO LIFE OR PROPERTY.
 HOWEVER...HEAVY RAIN IS STILL POSSIBLE WITH THIS THUNDERSTORM.

LAT...LON 3664 9630 3678 9628 3680 9581 3650 9582
TIME...MOT...LOC 0421Z 278DEG 35KT 3666 9599

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Tulsa, OK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Sep 1, 9:51 PM CDT, 57 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Sep 1, 9:51 PM CDT, 57 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
951 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

...UPDATE...

.DISCUSSION...
THUNDERSTORM COMPLEX HAS BECOME COLD POOL DRIVEN
ACROSS NE OK...AND WILL CONTINUE TO PUSH ESE
ACROSS THE AREA AND INTO NW AR AFTER MIDNIGHT.
ADDTIONAL THUNDERSTORMS OVER CNTRL/NCNTRL OK
COULD MAKE A RUN AT PARTS OF ERN OK OVERNIGHT AS
WELL.

HAVE BUMPED UP POPS ACROSS THE NRN AREAS.

UPDATED PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN SENT.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
TUL   71  91  75  96 /  70  40  20  10
FSM   75  91  73  94 /  30  40  20  10
MLC   77  93  76  93 /  30  30  10  10
BVO   69  90  69  96 /  80  40  30  10
FYV   71  86  69  91 /  60  50  30  20
BYV   71  86  69  91 /  60  50  30  20
MKO   73  90  72  93 /  50  40  20  10
MIO   71  88  72  94 /  80  40  40  10
F10   74  92  74  93 /  40  30  20  10
HHW   75  94  74  95 /  10  10  10  10

&&

.TSA WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OK...NONE.
AR...NONE.
&&

SHORT TERM...18
LONG TERM....99

Hazardous weather outlook, Sep 1, 5:03 PM CDT, 5 hours 45 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
503 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

ARZ001-002-010-011-019-020-029-OKZ049-053>076-021000-
ADAIR OK-BENTON AR-CARROLL AR-CHEROKEE OK-CHOCTAW OK-CRAIG OK-
CRAWFORD AR-CREEK OK-DELAWARE OK-FRANKLIN AR-HASKELL OK-LATIMER OK-
LE FLORE OK-MADISON AR-MAYES OK-MCINTOSH OK-MUSKOGEE OK-NOWATA OK-
OKFUSKEE OK-OKMULGEE OK-OSAGE OK-OTTAWA OK-PAWNEE OK-PITTSBURG OK-
PUSHMATAHA OK-ROGERS OK-SEBASTIAN AR-SEQUOYAH OK-TULSA OK-WAGONER OK-
WASHINGTON OK-WASHINGTON AR-
503 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM THREAT INCREASES THIS EVENING ACROSS
NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA...

THIS OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL ARKANSAS AS WELL AS
MUCH OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA.

.DAY ONE...THIS EVENING AND TONIGHT.

TORNADO.
	RISK...VERY LIMITED.
        AREA...FAR NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA NEAR THE KANSAS BORDER.
        ONSET...AFTER 6 PM...DIMINISHING AFTER 9 PM.

SEVERE THUNDERSTORM.
	RISK...ELEVATED.
	AREA...MAINLY NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA.
	ONSET...AFTER 6 PM.

FLASH FLOOD.
	RISK...LIMITED.
	AREA...NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA.
	ONSET...THIS EVENING.

HEAVY RAIN.
	RISK...ELEVATED.
	AREA...NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA.
	ONSET...AFTER 6 PM.

DANGEROUS HEAT.
	RISK...LIMITED.
	AREA...EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND WEST CENTRAL ARKANSAS.
	ONSET...ONGOING.

SIGNIFICANT WINDS.
	RISK...LIMITED.
	AREA...EASTERN OKLAHOMA.
	ONSET...ONGOING.

DISCUSSION...
THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP BY EARLY THIS
EVENING ACROSS SOUTHEAST KANSAS AND NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA...NEAR
THE INTERSECTION OF A COLD FRONT AND OUTFLOW BOUNDARY. ISOLATED
THUNDERSTORMS THAT DEVELOP EARLY THIS EVENING WILL HAVE A VERY
LIMITED TORNADO THREAT...ALTHOUGH STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO
EVENTUALLY DEVELOP INTO CLUSTERS AND MOVE EAST-SOUTHEAST ACROSS
PARTS OF NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA THIS EVENING. LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING
WINDS WILL BE THE MAIN SEVERE WEATHER THREAT WITH THIS ACTIVITY.

ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE WELL INTO THE
OVERNIGHT HOURS...POSSIBLY AFFECTING PARTS OF NORTHWEST
ARKANSAS.

SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ACTION STATEMENT...
ACTIVATION OF THE REGIONAL SPOTTER NETWORK IS LIKELY THIS EVENING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY.
TUESDAY...THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL.
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY...NO HAZARDS.
FRIDAY THROUGH SUNDAY...THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL.

EXTENDED DISCUSSION...
THE WEAK COLD FRONT ALONG WITH VARIOUS OUTFLOW BOUNDARIES WILL
REMAIN ACROSS THE REGION TUESDAY...AND WILL SERVE AS A FOCUS FOR
CONTINUED THUNDERSTORM CHANCES.  TEMPERATURES WILL REMAIN WELL
ABOVE NORMAL FOR MID TO LATE WEEK...BEFORE THE NEXT COLD FRONT AND
ASSOCIATED THUNDERSTORM CHANCES ARRIVE NEXT WEEKEND.

WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/TULSA CONTAINS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Sep 1, 6:40 PM CDT, 4 hours 8 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
640 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

OKZ057-020015-
CRAIG OK-
640 PM CDT MON SEP 1 2014

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TULSA HAS ISSUED A
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY EFFECTIVE UNTIL 715 PM CDT
FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTY...

IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA
     NORTHERN CRAIG

AT 640 PM CDT...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED OVER CRAIG
COUNTY...MOVING EAST AT 15 MPH.

THIS STORM WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING NICKEL SIZE HAIL AND WIND
GUSTS TO 50 MPH.

THIS ADVISORY WILL REPLACE THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING EXPIRING
AT 645 PM FOR CRAIG COUNTY.

LAT...LON 3699 9501 3699 9504 3697 9504 3695 9500
      3691 9501 3688 9543 3694 9542 3696 9540
      3700 9540 3701 9538 3700 9501
TIME...MOT...LOC 2340Z 263DEG 15KT 3699 9527

LACY

Local storm report, Sep 1, 7:05 PM CDT, 3 hours 43 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
705 PM CDT MON SEP 01 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0624 PM     HAIL             7 NW WELCH              36.95N 95.19W
09/01/2014  M2.75 INCH       CRAIG              OK   PUBLIC

&&

PBS

Local storm report, Sep 1, 7:20 PM CDT, 3 hours 28 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
720 PM CDT MON SEP 01 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0624 PM     HAIL             7 NW HOLLOW             36.96N 95.36W
09/01/2014  M2.75 INCH       CRAIG              OK   PUBLIC

&&

PBS

Local storm report, Sep 1, 9:13 PM CDT, 1 hour 35 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
913 PM CDT MON SEP 01 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0905 PM     TSTM WND GST     8 ESE FORAKER           36.83N 96.43W
09/01/2014  M73 MPH          OSAGE              OK   MESONET

&&

PBS

Local storm report, Sep 1, 10:21 PM CDT, 27 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
1021 PM CDT MON SEP 01 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0925 PM     TSTM WND GST     BARTLESVILLE            36.75N 95.98W
09/01/2014  M80 MPH          WASHINGTON         OK   EMERGENCY MNGR

&&

CKH

Local storm report, Sep 1, 10:34 PM CDT, 14 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
1034 PM CDT MON SEP 01 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1024 PM     TSTM WND GST     7 E CENTRAILIA          36.80N 95.21W
09/01/2014  M67 MPH          CRAIG              OK   MESONET

&&

JBM

The office that day

Everything else NWS Tulsa, OK issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Sep 1, 7:05 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	TSA	Craig, Ottawa	40 min
Sep 1, 7:26 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	TSA	Craig, Ottawa	49 min
Sep 1, 8:00 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	TSA	Ottawa	27 min
Sep 1, 8:23 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	TSA	Osage	67 min
Sep 1, 8:57 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	TSA	Osage	48 min
Sep 1, 9:02 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	TSA	Nowata, Osage, Washington	58 min
Sep 1, 9:36 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	TSA	Craig, Mayes, Nowata, Osage, Rogers, Washington	39 min
Sep 1, 10:13 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	TSA	Craig, Delaware, Nowata, Ottawa, Rogers	47 min
Sep 1, 10:14 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	TSA	Osage	46 min
Sep 1, 10:44 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	TSA	Craig, Delaware, Ottawa	46 min
Sep 1, 11:24 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Delaware	51 min
Sep 2, 12:33 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Craig	27 min
Sep 2, 1:06 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Ottawa	39 min
Sep 2, 1:57 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Ottawa	63 min
Sep 2, 3:20 AM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	TSA	Craig, Nowata, Ottawa	4 hr
Sep 2, 3:45 AM CDT	Flash Flood Watch	TSA	Craig, Nowata, Ottawa, Washington	6 hr
Sep 2, 4:23 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Ottawa	37 min
Sep 2, 5:28 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Osage	47 min
Sep 2, 5:33 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Osage	42 min
Sep 2, 5:56 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Nowata, Washington	49 min
Sep 2, 6:05 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Osage	40 min
Sep 2, 6:38 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	TSA	Craig, Delaware, Nowata, Osage, Ottawa, Rogers and 1 more	67 min
Sep 2, 7:12 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Washington	33 min
Sep 2, 7:27 AM CDT	Areal Flood Warning	TSA	Craig, Nowata, Ottawa	5 hr
Sep 2, 7:46 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	TSA	Creek, Muskogee, Okmulgee, Osage, Rogers, Tulsa and 1 more	89 min
Sep 2, 8:52 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	TSA	Adair, Cherokee, Creek, McIntosh, Muskogee, Okfuskee and 3 more	83 min
Sep 2, 9:17 AM CDT	River Flood Warning	TSA	Nowata	22 hr
Sep 2, 9:30 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Haskell, Sequoyah	30 min
Sep 2, 9:58 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	TSA	Haskell, Latimer, LeFlore, McIntosh, Muskogee, Okfuskee and 3 more	62 min
Sep 2, 11:15 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	TSA	Okfuskee	30 min
Sep 2, 11:29 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	TSA	Creek, Okfuskee	91 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Oklahoma, 2014 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2014

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.