Alert archive / Texas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2014

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 75, NWS Shreveport, LA

April 14, 20144 counties in Texas

NWS Shreveport, LA issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 14, 2014, 12:02 AM CDT for 4 counties in Texas. It was in force for 58 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued: Apr 14, 2014, 12:02 AM CDT (05:02 UTC)
Expired: Apr 14, 2014, 1:00 AM CDT
In force: 58 min
Issued by: NWS Shreveport, LA
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Bowie County, TX, Morris County, TX, Red River County, TX, Titus County, TX

The radar

The Shreveport radar (KSHV), 134 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 05:03 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Apr 13, 11:06 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	6 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Shreveport, LA (KBAD), launched 00:00Z, 5.0 hours before the alert went out and 137 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 244 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -117 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 826 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 57 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 544 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 713 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.4
Supercell composite: 5.2

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Shreveport, LA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 13, 11:53 PM CDT, 9 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 13, 11:53 PM CDT, 9 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
1153 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

.DISCUSSION...
WE HAVE EXPIRED PORTIONS OF TORNADO WATCH 76 THERE WERE NOT
REPLACED BY THE NEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH NUMBER 78 VALID
UNTIL 6 AM. ALSO...THE LAKE WIND ADVISORY FOR SUNDAY EVENING WAS
CANCELLED PRIOR TO WATCH RESTRUCTURING AND SEGMENTED FOR THE NEW
LAKE WIND ADVISORY FOR MONDAY WITH THE NORTHWESTERN THIRD NOW
GOING INTO EFFECT AT 7 AM IN LIGHT ON NEW NAM DATA. THE REMAINDER
OF THE ADVISORY WILL GO INTO EFFECT AT NOON AT PLANNED WITH BOTH
ENDING AT MIDNIGHT...OR PERHAPS A BIT SOONER AS WINDS WILL
DIMINISH GUSTINESS TO SOME EXTENT AFTER SUNDOWN MONDAY EVENING. WE
HAVE MADE SOME PERTINENT CHANGES TO POPS/WEATHER ASSOCIATED WITH
NEW WATCH AND MADE SOME EDITS TO QPF. THE COLD FRONT IS NOT FAR
BEHIND THE LINE AND WE WILL CONTINUE WITH AN UPDATE OR TWO INTO
THE EARLY MORNING AS THE WEATHER PROGRESSES ACROSS THE FOUR STATE
AREA. /24/

&&

.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 745 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014/

UPDATE...
WE HAVE ADDED OUR REMAINING LOUISIANA PARISHES TO TORNADO WATCH
NUMBER 76 IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT IN LIGHT OF THE CONVECTIVE
PUSH ACROSS TOLEDO BEND COUNTRY INTO NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA. WE
HAVE INCREASED POPS AND AMENDED WEATHER FOR THE ADDED PARISHES NOW
IN THE WATCH. ELSEWHERE ACROSS THE FOUR STATE AREA...AN IMPRESSIVE
SQUALL LINE HAS DEVELOPED ALONG THE COLD FRONT WITH A SEVERE
THUNDERSTORM WATCH NOW IN PLACE TO OUR NW. WE WILL CONTINUE TO
MONITOR THE ENVIRONMENT OUT AHEAD OF THIS LINE FOR NEW
DEVELOPMENT. LASTLY...WE HAVE EXTENDED THE CURRENT LAKE WIND
ADVISORY UNTIL MIDNIGHT. NO OTHER CHANGES AT THIS TIME. /24/

PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 632 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014/

AVIATION...
SOUTH WINDS 10 TO 15 KNOTS AND GUSTY TO CONTINUE OVERNIGHT AHEAD
OF AN APPROACHING COLD FRONT. TSRA CONDITIONS TO INCREASE IN
COVERAGE THROUGH THE EVENING ALONG THE COLD FRONT. DAMAGING
WINDS...HAIL...AND FREQUENT LIGHTNING CAN BE EXPECTED WITH SOME
STORMS. IFR/LIFR CEILINGS AREAWIDE BY DAYBREAK. WINDS TO BECOME
NORTHWEST BEHIND THE FRONT AFTER 14/12Z WITH LINGERING -TSRA
CONDITIONS CONTINUING THROUGH 14/15Z AND ENDING FROM THE WEST.
OTHERWISE...CONDITIONS TO IMPROVE TO VFR AFTER 14/18Z.

PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 550 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014/

DISCUSSION...
SPC TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 76 IS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT. WE HAVE
RESENT ZONE UPDATES AND RECREATION FORECAST FOR THIS EVENING
VERSES MENTIONING ANY REMAINING PORTION OF THE LATE AFTERNOON TO
INCLUDE HEADLINES AND SEVERE THREAT. AT PRESENT OUR LAKE WIND
ADVISORY FOR TODAY WILL EXPIRE AT 8 PM...BUT COULD BE EXTENDED
PAST SUNSET BASED ON THE PRESSURE GRADIENT ACROSS NORTHEAST TEXAS.
WE WILL SEE HOW THE GUSTS LOOK EARLY THIS EVENING. NO OTHER
CHANGES AT THIS TIME. /24/

PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 221 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014/

DISCUSSION...
A LINE OF DEVELOPING SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS...ALONG A LEADING
SHORT WAVE..SPREADING INTO NE TX...SE OK...AND EXTREME WESTERN AR
THIS AFTN. EXTENSIVE CLOUD COVER THIS AFTN MAY LIMIT
INSTABILITY...HOWEVER...40 TO 45 KT SOUTHERLY WINDS JUST ABOVE
BOUNDARY LAYER...PARTICULARLY NORTH OF I-20...PROVIDE AMPLE SHEAR
FOR SVR STORMS. REMOVED SVR MENTION BEHIND THIS INITIAL LINE FOR
EVENING HOURS...BUT WILL KEEP MENTION OF SVR IN AHEAD OF THIS LINE...
IN ADDITION TO STORMS THAT REDEVELOP LATE TONIGHT...OUT AHEAD OF
MAIN COLD FRONT. THIS FRONT WILL MOVE INTO NORTHERN PORTIONS OF
CWA LATE TONIGHT...AND SHOULD CLEAR AREA DURING MORNING HOURS...
LEAVING A PERIOD OF STRATIFORM RAIN...IN STRONGLY SATURATED
INVERSION IN LOW LVLS...ENDING DURG THE AFTN. ALSO ISSUES LAKE
WIND ADVISORY FOR AREA WITH COLD FRONT WINDS...NOON UNTIL
MIDNIGHT. ALONG WITH FALLING TEMPERATURES DURING THE DAY...A
RARITY FOR MID APRIL... WIND CHILLS MAY ALSO FALL INTO THE 20S
DURG EVE GIVEN STRENGTH OF WINDS AS TEMPS FALL THRU THE 40S...AND
INTO 30S. FREEZE WARNINGS FOR NORTHERN CWA NEED TO BE LOOKED AT
FOR MONDAY NIGHT. HIGH PRESSURE OVER AREA BY TUESDAY WITH STG
RADIATIVE COOLING TUE NIGHT... WILL HAVE TO LOOK AT NEAR FREEZING
OVERNIGHT TEMPS POSSIBLE ACROSS A LARGER SWATH TUE NIGHT. TEMPS
WILL RETURN TO NEAR SEASONAL LATER IN WEEK WITH POSSIBLE
CONVECTION LATER IN WEEK AS BROAD UPPER TROUGHING MOVG ACROSS
REGION...AND THEN AGAIN POSSIBLY LOW POPS SITUATION AGAIN FOR
EASTER./VII/

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
SHV  64  64  37  62  35 /  60  40  20  10  10
MLU  67  67  37  60  34 /  80  80  40  10  10
DEQ  53  54  32  61  32 /  80  30  10  10  10
TXK  57  58  35  61  35 /  80  30  10  10  10
ELD  63  63  34  60  32 /  80  60  30  10  10
TYR  56  57  35  62  37 /  60  30  10  10  10
GGG  59  60  36  62  35 /  60  30  10  10  10
LFK  66  67  37  63  36 /  50  60  20  10  10

&&

.SHV WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
AR...LAKE WIND ADVISORY FROM NOON MONDAY TO MIDNIGHT CDT MONDAY NIGHT
     FOR THE FOLLOWING ZONES: ARZ060-061-071>073.

     LAKE WIND ADVISORY FROM 7 AM MONDAY TO MIDNIGHT CDT MONDAY NIGHT
     FOR THE FOLLOWING ZONES: ARZ050-051-059-070.

LA...LAKE WIND ADVISORY FROM NOON MONDAY TO MIDNIGHT CDT MONDAY NIGHT
     FOR THE FOLLOWING ZONES: LAZ001>006-010>014-017>022.

OK...LAKE WIND ADVISORY FROM 7 AM MONDAY TO MIDNIGHT CDT MONDAY NIGHT
     FOR THE FOLLOWING ZONES: OKZ077.

TX...LAKE WIND ADVISORY FROM NOON MONDAY TO MIDNIGHT CDT MONDAY NIGHT
     FOR THE FOLLOWING ZONES: TXZ152-153-165>167.

     LAKE WIND ADVISORY FROM 7 AM MONDAY TO MIDNIGHT CDT MONDAY NIGHT
     FOR THE FOLLOWING ZONES:
     TXZ096-097-108>112-124>126-136>138-149>151.

&&

24

Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 13, 11:52 AM CDT, 12 hours 10 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
1152 AM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

ARZ050-051-059>061-070>073-LAZ001>006-010>014-017>022-OKZ077-
TXZ096-097-108>112-124>126-136>138-149>153-165>167-141700-
SEVIER-HOWARD-LITTLE RIVER-HEMPSTEAD-NEVADA-MILLER-LAFAYETTE-
COLUMBIA-UNION AR-CADDO-BOSSIER-WEBSTER-CLAIBORNE-LINCOLN-
UNION LA-DE SOTO-RED RIVER-BIENVILLE-JACKSON-OUACHITA-SABINE LA-
NATCHITOCHES-WINN-GRANT-CALDWELL-LA SALLE-MCCURTAIN-BOWIE-
FRANKLIN-TITUS-CAMP-MORRIS-CASS-WOOD-UPSHUR-MARION-SMITH-GREGG-
HARRISON-CHEROKEE-RUSK-PANOLA-NACOGDOCHES-SHELBY-ANGELINA-
SAN AUGUSTINE-SABINE TX-
1152 AM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL
ARKANSAS...SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS...NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...
NORTHWEST LOUISIANA...SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA...EAST TEXAS AND
NORTHEAST TEXAS.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT...

THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOPING NEAR DALLAS FORT WORTH...ARE EXPECTED TO
BECOME MORE INTENSE WITH DAYTIME HEATING...AS THEY TRACK INTO
NORTHEAST TEXAS AND SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA DURING THE EARLY AFTERNOON
TODAY. THESE STORMS WILL MOVE INTO NORTHWEST LOUISIANA...SOUTHWEST
ARKANSAS...AND THE EAST TEXAS LAKES...LATER THIS AFTERNOON. THE
STORMS WILL FINALLY REACH NORTHCENTRAL LOUISIANA BY EARLY EVENING.
INSTABILITY AND DEEP LAYER SHEAR WILL BE SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS...INCLUDING
DISCRETE SUPERCELLS. DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL...AND ISOLATED
TORNADOES WILL ALL BE POSSIBLE WITH THESE STORMS. STORMS MAY
SUBSIDE LATER IN THE EVENING...WITH ANOTHER ROUND OF STRONG TO
SEVERE STORMS POSSIBLE...DURING THE LATE NIGHT HOURS AHEAD OF A
STRONG COLD FRONT MOVING ACROSS THE AREA MONDAY MORNING. LOCALLY HEAVY
RAINFALL WILL ALSO BE A CONCERN WITH RAINFALL TOTALS OF TWO TO
THREE INCHES EXPECTED IN SOME AREAS...ESPECIALLY ACROSS NORTHERN
LOUISIANA AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY...

A FEW STRONG THUNDERSTORMS...MAY LINGER INTO THE MORNING HOURS ON
MONDAY...BEFORE THE COLD FRONT CLEARS OUT OF THE AREA. A CHANCE
FOR THUNDERSTORMS WILL RETURN LATE THURSDAY INTO FRIDAY AHEAD OF
ANOTHER COLD FRONT MOVING INTO THE REGION. HOWEVER...NO
SIGNIFICANT HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

ACTIVATION OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...AMATEUR RADIO
OPERATORS...AND STORM SPOTTERS MAY BE NEEDED LATER THIS AFTERNOON AND
TONIGHT.

VII

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Apr 13, 8:06 PM CDT, 3 hours 56 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
806 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

LAZ018-020-022-140145-
GRANT-LA SALLE-NATCHITOCHES-
806 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SHREVEPORT HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY...EFFECTIVE UNTIL 845 PM CDT...FOR THE FOLLOWING
PARISHES...

IN NORTHWEST LOUISIANA...
     NATCHITOCHES...
IN NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...
     LA SALLE AND GRANT...

INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS...
     COLFAX AND MONTGOMERY...

AT 801 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
DETECTING STRONG THUNDERSTORMS 8 MILES WEST OF BOYCE...AND NEAR
KURTHWOOD. THESE STORMS WERE MOVING NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH.

DIME SIZE HAIL...AND WINDS 40 TO 50 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THESE
STORMS.

VII

Local storm report, Apr 13, 8:16 PM CDT, 3 hours 46 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
816 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0554 PM     TSTM WND DMG     HOPE                    33.67N  93.59W
04/13/2014                   HEMPSTEAD          AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            A FEW TREES DOWN...POWER LINES DOWN

&&

EVENT NUMBER SHV1400289

10

Special weather statement, Apr 13, 10:43 PM CDT, 1 hour 19 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
1043 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

OKZ077-TXZ096-140430-
MCCURTAIN-RED RIVER-
1043 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SHREVEPORT HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY...EFFECTIVE UNTIL 1130 PM CDT...FOR THE FOLLOWING
COUNTIES...

IN SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA...
     MCCURTAIN...
IN NORTHEAST TEXAS...
     RED RIVER...

INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS...
     IDABEL...BAGWELL...CLARKSVILLE AND MANCHESTER...

AT 1040 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
DETECTING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 11 MILES NORTH OF BLOSSOM...OR 16
MILES NORTHEAST OF PARIS...MOVING EAST AT 40 MPH.

PEA SIZE HAIL...AND WINDS 40 TO 50 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM.

19

Special weather statement, Apr 13, 11:27 PM CDT, 35 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
1127 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

ARZ050-051-059-OKZ077-140515-
HOWARD-LITTLE RIVER-MCCURTAIN-SEVIER-
1127 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SHREVEPORT HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY...EFFECTIVE UNTIL 1215 AM CDT...FOR THE FOLLOWING
COUNTIES...

IN SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS...
     HOWARD...LITTLE RIVER AND SEVIER...
IN SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA...
     MCCURTAIN...

INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS...
     ARKINDA...BEN LOMOND...CENTER POINT...CORINTH...DE QUEEN...
     HORATIO...LOCKESBURG...MINERAL SPRINGS...NASHVILLE AND
     WINTHROP...

AT 1125 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
DETECTING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 11 MILES NORTHWEST OF ARKINDA...OR 15
MILES WEST OF HORATIO...MOVING EAST AT 55 MPH.

PEA SIZE HAIL...AND WINDS 40 TO 50 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM.

19

Special weather statement, Apr 13, 11:51 PM CDT, 11 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
1151 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

OKZ077-TXZ096-097-140530-
BOWIE-MCCURTAIN-RED RIVER-
1151 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SHREVEPORT HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY...EFFECTIVE UNTIL 1230 AM CDT...FOR THE FOLLOWING
COUNTIES...

IN SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA...
     MCCURTAIN...
IN NORTHEAST TEXAS...
     RED RIVER AND BOWIE...

INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS...
     BAGWELL AND CLARKSVILLE...

AT 1149 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
DETECTING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR DETROIT AND WEST OF
CLARKSVILLE...MOVING EAST AT 40 MPH.

PEA SIZE HAIL...AND WINDS 40 TO 50 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM.

19

Local storm report, Apr 13, 11:57 PM CDT, 5 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
1157 PM CDT SUN APR 13 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1155 PM     TSTM WND DMG     1 W DE QUEEN            34.04N  94.36W
04/13/2014                   SEVIER             AR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            A FEW TREES DOWN

1155 PM     HAIL             1 W DE QUEEN            34.04N  94.36W
04/13/2014  E0.88 INCH       SEVIER             AR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            A FEW TREES DOWN

&&

EVENT NUMBER SHV1400290
EVENT NUMBER SHV1400291

10

The office that day

Everything else NWS Shreveport, LA issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Apr 13, 8:04 PM CDT	Lake Wind Advisory	SHV	Angelina, Bowie, Camp, Cass, Cherokee, Franklin and 15 more	3 hr
Apr 14, 4:38 AM CDT	Freeze Warning	SHV	Red River	28 hr
Apr 14, 10:19 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Smith	41 min
Apr 14, 11:05 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Gregg, Upshur	55 min
Apr 14, 11:56 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Cass, Harrison, Marion	64 min
Apr 14, 10:14 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Bienville, Bossier, Caddo, Claiborne, Webster	46 min
Apr 14, 10:53 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Bienville, Claiborne, Lincoln, Union	37 min
Apr 14, 11:31 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Jackson, Lincoln, Ouachita, Union	44 min
Apr 14, 2:32 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Caldwell	28 min
Apr 13, 10:01 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Howard, Sevier	59 min
Apr 13, 10:08 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	SHV	Howard, Sevier	37 min
Apr 13, 11:57 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Hempstead, Howard, Nevada, Sevier	48 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Texas, 2014 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2014

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.