Alert archive / West Virginia / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2014
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 115, NWS Blacksburg, VA
NWS Blacksburg, VA issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 20, 2014, 6:02 PM EDT for Mercer County, Monroe County, Summers County, West Virginia. It was in force for 58 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Jun 20, 2014, 6:02 PM EDT (22:02 UTC)
- Expired
- Jun 20, 2014, 7:00 PM EDT
- In force
- 58 min
- Issued by
- NWS Blacksburg, VA
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 1.0 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
Counties Mercer County, WV, Monroe County, WV, Summers County, WV
The radar
The Roanoke radar (KFCX), 76 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:03 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Roanoke, VA (KRNK), launched 12:00Z, 10.0 hours before the alert went out and 124 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 99 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -43 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 801 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 7 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 21 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- -21 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Blacksburg, VA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 20, 4:02 PM EDT, 2 hours earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 20, 4:02 PM EDT, 2 hours before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA 402 PM EDT FRI JUN 20 2014 .SYNOPSIS... A WARM FRONT TRAILED FROM THE OHIO VALLEY DOWN ACROSS CENTRAL VIRGINIA. THIS FRONT WILL LIFT NORTHEAST OF THE AREA THIS EVENING. LOW PRESSURE WILL MOVE ALONG THIS FRONT...THROUGH THE OHIO VALLEY TONIGHT...THEN INTO VIRGINIA ON SATURDAY. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH SATURDAY/... AS OF 253 PM EDT FRIDAY... A WARM FRONT IS TRACKING NORTH OF THE FORECAST AREA LEAVING THE REGION IN A WARM AND HUMID AIR MASS. AFTERNOON HEATING AND INSTABILITIES POPPING STORMS THAT WILL EVENTUALLY GEL IN TO LINES TRACKING OVER THE AREA AND OVER AN UPPER LEVEL RIDGE TO THE SOUTH. SO FAR STORMS ARE SMALL BUT INTENSE WITH DIME TO NICKEL SIZE HAIL IN THE STRONGER CELLS. HAIL CORE WILL LIKELY BECOME BIGGER THROUGH THE REST OF THE AFTERNOON ADDING DOWNBURST WIND THREAT. THESE AFTERNOON STORMS WILL CONTINUE TO TRACK NW TO SE INTO THIS EVENING AND FADE OR LEAVE THE FORECAST AREA DURING THE EVENING. AFTER MIDNIGHT...LOOKING FOR A MESOSCALE DISTURBANCE OR REMNANTS OF TO TRACK INTO WEST-CENTRAL VIRGINIA. THIS SYSTEM WILL TRACK ACROSS CENTRAL VIRGINIA THEN DIVE SOUTH TOWARDS NORFOLK SATURDAY MORNING. THE BULK OF THE RAIN AND POSSIBLE WIND WITH THIS SYSTEM STAYING NORTH OF THE AREA. HOWEVER...A TAIL OF CONVECTION IS EXPECTED TO MOVE ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS DURING THE EARLY MORNING HOURS SATURDAY...THEN TO THE PIEDMONT BY THE AFTERNOON. WITH LOSE OF HEATING...MOST STORMS WILL JUST HAVE HEAVY RAIN AND WIND GUSTS TO 40 MPH. WITH LINGERING INSTABILITIES AND HIGH DEW POINTS...A FEW STORMS COULD REMAIN STRONG TO SEVERE TRACKING ACROSS THE AREA. AS THIS STORM EXITS THE PIEDMONT...IT WILL TAKE OR REDUCE SATURDAY AFTERNOON/S INSTABILITIES...THEREFORE LOWERING POPS IN THE AFTERNOON FROM WEST TO EAST. WITH POSSIBLE RAIN AND CLOUDS OVER THE AREA SATURDAY...TEMPERATURES WILL BE A FEW DEGREES COOLER BUT WITH HIGH DEW POINTS...STILL REMAIN MUGGY. EXPECTED HIGHS WILL RANGE FROM NEAR 80F IN THE GREENBRIER VALLEY TO UPPER 80S INTO THE PIEDMONT. THE SUMMER SOLSTICES BEGINS AT 651A SATURDAY MORNING. && .SHORT TERM /SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT/... AS OF 320 PM EDT FRIDAY... THE UPPER TROUGH OVER THE ERN GREAT LAKES SATURDAY WILL BE MOVING EAST OFF THE NEW ENGLAND COAST BY MONDAY. NW FLOW ALOFT WILL BECOME WEAKER AS 5H RIDGE BUILDS BACK IN FROM THE SOUTHWEST. AT THE SFC FRONT STAYS OVER THE NC/SC AREA. WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE ALONG IT WILL ALLOW FOR HIGHER CHANCE OF SHOWERS INTO SAT EVENING OUT EAST BEFORE DEEPER MOISTURE EXITS. NOT MUCH CHANGE IN AIRMASS...EXCEPT FOR SOME WIND DIRECTION CHANGE TO THE EAST. THIS WILL HELP OVERALL IN TEMPS FROM HITTING THE 90S OUT EAST AS MODELS FAVOR MORE MOISTURE TO SETUP INTO THE REGION EAST OF THE BLUE RIDGE. WILL BE HAVING HIGH CHANCE OF POPS SAT EVENING EAST TO EXIT OVERNIGHT. EASTERLY FLOW WILL BE KEEPING A FEW SHOWERS INTO THE PIEDMONT/FOOTHILLS OF VA INTO PORTIONS OF THE NC PIEDMONT INTO SUNDAY MORNING. SUNDAY FAVORS A SHOWER/STORM CHANCE OVER THE BLUE RIDGE AS FLOW TURNS MORE SE. WITH NW FLOW ALOFT WEAKENING AND A WEAK SE SFC FLOW...STORMS THAT FORM WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SIGNIFICANT RAINS WITH PWATS STILL RUNNING FROM 1.25 TO 1.5 INCHES...AND STORMS REMAINING ANCHORED AT TIMES. THE OVERALL COVERAGE WILL BE ISOLATED/WIDELY SCATTERED. SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY WILL SEE SFC HIGH SITUATE ITSELF OVERHEAD. WEAK FLOW SFC/ALOFT WILL LEAD TO NO MOVEMENT OF AIR. MOISTURE IS EXPECTED TO BE IN THE LOW LVLS SO SHOWERS WILL BE AROUND ALL NIGHT THOUGH NO REAL FOCUSING MECHANISM. MONDAY THERE SHOULD BE ENOUGH SFC CONVERGENCE IN THE MTNS TO HAVE SCATTERED SHOWERS AND STORMS. THERE WILL BE A WEAK SHORTWAVE MOVING ACROSS THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY MONDAY...SO POSSIBILITY OF SOME MORE ENHANCED THREAT. BY MONDAY NIGHT...THE EASTERN RIDGE BUILDS AS THE UPSTREAM TROUGH INTO THE MIDWEST INCREASES IN LATITUDE. POPS WILL BE STAYING ON THE LOW SIDE MONDAY NIGHT GIVEN THIS INCREASE IN HEIGHTS OVER THE CWA. LOWS THROUGH THE PERIOD WILL BE MAINLY IN THE 60S...WITH HIGHS IN THE 80S. && .LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/... AS OF 140 PM EDT FRIDAY... THIS PERIOD OF THE FORECAST WILL STAY SIMILAR TO THE PREVIOUS FORECAST. THE AIRMASS OVERALL STAYS ON THE WARM/HUMID SIDE WITH 5H RIDGE OVER THE SOUTHEAST. ONE TROUGH AND ASSOCIATED FRONT WORKS ACROSS THE MIDWEST INTO THE MID ATLANTIC BY WEDNESDAY. THIS WILL NUDGE OUR CHANCE OF STORMS UP MIDWEEK. THE FRONT SITUATES ITSELF MORE IN A WEST TO EAST ORIENTATION THU-FRI WHICH WILL KEEP THREAT OF SHOWERS AND STORMS AROUND. && .AVIATION /20Z FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... AS OF 115 PM EDT FRIDAY... PATCHES MVFR CLOUDS WILL LIFT EARLY THIS AFTERNOON AS A WARM FRONT MOVES NORTH OF THE FORECAST AREA. ENOUGH HEATING AND DECENT INSTABILITY FOR SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS TO DEVELOP THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. SLOW MOVING NW TO SE TRACKING STORMS EXPECTED AT BLF/LWB BETWEEN 19Z/2P-02Z/10. HIT AND MISS THUNDERSTORMS EXPECTED ACROSS THE AREA WHILE CONFIDENCE FOR A STORM TO BE IN THE VICINITY OF KROA/KBCB/KLYH/KDAN AT A GIVEN TIME IS VERY LOW. A STRONGER SHORT WAVE WILL REACH THE FORECAST AREA TONIGHT. HAVE KEPT CEILINGS VFR AT KROA/KBCB/KLYH AND KDAN WITH SHOWERS...MAINLY AFTER 05Z/1AM SATURDAY. MODERATE CONFIDENCE OF MVFR CEILINGS FOR KLWB/KBLF WITH A PROLONGED PERIOD OF SHOWERS AND EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS OVERNIGHT. EXTENDED AVIATION DISCUSSION... A WEAK FLOW PATTERN HOLDING OVER THE WEEKEND WILL KEEP THE STORM CHANCES EACH AFTERNOON THROUGH EARLY EVENING SAT/SUN BUT COVERAGE FOR NOW LOOKS A BIT LESS EACH DAY BEHIND THE PASSING IMPULSE FROM SATURDAY MORNING. DEEPER MOISTURE LOOKS TO RETURN NORTH BY EARLY NEXT WEEK WITH BETTER COVERAGE OF AFTERNOON/EVENING STORMS ON MONDAY. AREAS OF IFR FOG REMAIN POSSIBLE EACH LATE NIGHT/EARLY MORNING... PARTICULARLY IN AREAS THAT SEE RAIN THE PREVIOUS AFTERNOON. THE MOST OPTIMAL FLIGHT CONDITIONS EACH DAY SHOULD BE IN THE MID TO LATE MORNING AFTER FOG/LOW CLOUDS LIFT AND BURN OFF...AND BEFORE AFTERNOON CONVECTION REDEVELOPS. && .RNK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... VA...NONE. NC...NONE. WV...NONE. && SYNOPSIS...RCS NEAR TERM...RCS SHORT TERM...WP LONG TERM...WP AVIATION...RCS
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 20, 11:11 AM EDT, 6 hours 51 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA 1111 AM EDT FRI JUN 20 2014 NCZ001>006-018>020-VAZ007-009>020-022>024-032>035-043>047-058-059- WVZ042>045-211515- ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-SURRY-STOKES-ROCKINGHAM-CASWELL-WATAUGA-WILKES- YADKIN-TAZEWELL-SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-WYTHE-PULASKI-MONTGOMERY-GRAYSON- CARROLL-FLOYD-CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-BATH-ROANOKE-BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE- PATRICK-FRANKLIN-BEDFORD-AMHERST-HENRY-PITTSYLVANIA-CAMPBELL- APPOMATTOX-BUCKINGHAM-HALIFAX-CHARLOTTE-MERCER-SUMMERS-MONROE- GREENBRIER- 1111 AM EDT FRI JUN 20 2014 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH CENTRAL NORTH CAROLINA...NORTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA...CENTRAL VIRGINIA...SOUTH CENTRAL VIRGINIA...SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA...WEST CENTRAL VIRGINIA AND SOUTHEAST WEST VIRGINIA. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. SCATTERED THUNDERSTORM ARE EXPECTED THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING. A FEW STORMS MAY BECOME STRONG TO SEVERE WITH DAMAGING WINDS AND LARGE HAIL. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY. THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER LOW AT THIS TIME. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. RCS
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Jun 20, 4:42 PM EDT, 1 hour 20 minutes before
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Service Notice</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
</head>
<body>
<main class="wrap">
<section class="card" role="status" aria-live="polite">
<div class="status" id="status">Temporary Notice</div>
<h1 id="headline">This service is currently unavailable.</h1>
<p id="message1">
The site you requested is temporarily down for maintenance or an unexpected outage.
</p>
<p id="message2">
Please try again in a few minutes.
</p>
<p class="small" id="detail">
If you are an administrator, restore upstream service and remove the redirect/fallback rule when normal operations resume.
</p>
</section>
</main>
<script src="index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>Local storm report, Jun 20, 5:04 PM EDT, 58 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
504 PM EDT FRI JUN 20 2014
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0327 PM TSTM WND DMG 2 E QUICK 36.40N 79.47W
06/20/2014 CASWELL NC 911 CALL CENTER
THREE TREES DOWN IN THE ALLISON ROAD VICINITY OF QUICK.
&&
WHPLocal storm report, Jun 20, 5:16 PM EDT, 46 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
516 PM EDT FRI JUN 20 2014
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0400 PM HAIL 3 WNW MONETA 37.19N 79.68W
06/20/2014 E1.00 INCH BEDFORD VA PUBLIC
&&
WHPSpecial weather statement, Jun 20, 5:19 PM EDT, 43 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
519 PM EDT FRI JUN 20 2014
VAZ035-045-046-202215-
APPOMATTOX VA-AMHERST VA-CAMPBELL VA-
519 PM EDT FRI JUN 20 2014
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BLACKSBURG HAS ISSUED A
* SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT FOR...
SOUTHWESTERN APPOMATTOX COUNTY IN CENTRAL VIRGINIA...
SOUTH CENTRAL AMHERST COUNTY IN CENTRAL VIRGINIA...
CENTRAL CAMPBELL COUNTY IN CENTRAL VIRGINIA...
* UNTIL 615 PM EDT
* AT 518 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING
A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR MADISON HEIGHTS...MOVING TO THE
SOUTHEAST AT 15 MPH.
* DIME SIZE HAIL AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS
STORM.
* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
LYNCHBURG CITY...
CONCORD...
RUSTBURG...
MADISON HEIGHTS...
AND BOCOCK.
THIS INCLUDES LIBERTY UNIVERSITY.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
THIS STORM WILL LIKELY INTENSIFY...SO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND
TELEVISION FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION...AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS...FROM
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.
&&
LAT...LON 3721 7880 3714 7910 3745 7925 3747 7921
3747 7919 3748 7922 3753 7910 3721 7879
TIME...MOT...LOC 2116Z 328DEG 14KT 3742 7913
16Local storm report, Jun 20, 5:36 PM EDT, 26 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
536 PM EDT FRI JUN 20 2014
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0528 PM HAIL 2 ENE LYNCHBURG CITY 37.42N 79.12W
06/20/2014 E0.88 INCH AMHERST VA PUBLIC
&&
WHPLocal storm report, Jun 20, 5:46 PM EDT, 16 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
546 PM EDT FRI JUN 20 2014
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0431 PM TSTM WND DMG 2 SSE ARARAT 36.57N 80.51W
06/20/2014 PATRICK VA 911 CALL CENTER
ONE TREE DOWN ON PEDIGO RIDGE ROAD.
&&
WHPThe office that day
Everything else NWS Blacksburg, VA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 19, 9:50 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Wythe | 55 min |
| Jun 20, 1:38 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Pittsylvania | 37 min |
| Jun 20, 2:01 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Pittsylvania | 29 min |
| Jun 20, 2:33 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | City of Danville | 42 min |
| Jun 20, 2:53 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Henry | 67 min |
| Jun 20, 2:59 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Bedford | 31 min |
| Jun 20, 3:01 PM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | RNK | Pittsylvania, City of Danville | 119 min |
| Jun 20, 3:07 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Bedford, Botetourt, Franklin | 38 min |
| Jun 20, 3:18 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Tazewell | 57 min |
| Jun 20, 3:28 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Henry, Patrick | 32 min |
| Jun 20, 3:38 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Tazewell | 37 min |
| Jun 20, 3:48 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Henry, City of Martinsville | 42 min |
| Jun 20, 3:51 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Bedford, Franklin | 39 min |
| Jun 20, 3:53 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Carroll, Patrick | 67 min |
| Jun 20, 4:11 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Patrick | 49 min |
| Jun 20, 4:18 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Tazewell | 42 min |
| Jun 20, 4:21 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Amherst, City of Buena Vista, City of Lynchburg | 39 min |
| Jun 20, 4:26 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | RNK | Patrick | 2 hr |
| Jun 20, 4:33 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | City of Buena Vista | 42 min |
| Jun 20, 4:37 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Franklin | 38 min |
| Jun 20, 4:42 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Montgomery | 48 min |
| Jun 20, 5:19 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Campbell, City of Lynchburg | 56 min |
| Jun 20, 5:33 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, Roanoke | 57 min |
| Jun 20, 5:48 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Appomattox, Campbell, Charlotte, Halifax, City of Lynchburg | 57 min |
| Jun 20, 6:18 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Bedford, Botetourt, Craig | 57 min |
| Jun 20, 6:43 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Campbell, Charlotte, Halifax, Pittsylvania | 62 min |
| Jun 20, 7:00 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Bedford | 45 min |
| Jun 20, 7:15 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Botetourt | 60 min |
| Jun 20, 7:43 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Amherst, Rockbridge, City of Buena Vista, City of Lexington, City of Lynchburg | 47 min |
| Jun 20, 7:51 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Campbell, Charlotte, City of Lynchburg | 39 min |
| Jun 20, 1:36 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Stokes | 24 min |
| Jun 20, 2:06 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Stokes | 24 min |
| Jun 20, 2:07 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Rockingham | 23 min |
| Jun 20, 2:40 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Rockingham | 35 min |
| Jun 20, 3:10 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Caswell, Rockingham | 35 min |
| Jun 20, 3:14 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Rockingham | 46 min |
| Jun 20, 3:43 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Caswell, Rockingham | 32 min |
| Jun 20, 4:14 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | RNK | Caswell | 31 min |
| Jun 20, 4:40 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Stokes | 65 min |
| Jun 20, 6:11 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Ashe, Watauga | 64 min |
| Jun 20, 4:31 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | RNK | Monroe | 59 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in West Virginia, 2014Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2014
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.