Flash Flood Warning 15, NWS San Francisco Bay Area, CA

090 
WGUS56 KMTR 120339
FFWMTR
CAC053-120545-
/O.EXT.KMTR.FF.W.0015.000000T0000Z-141212T0545Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA
739 PM PST THU DEC 11 2014

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA HAS
EXTENDED THE

* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  MONTEREY COUNTY IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...LUCIA...BIG SUR VILLAGE...

* UNTIL 945 PM PST.

* AT 737 PM PST...NWS DOPPLER RADAR AND AUTOMATED RAIN GAGES
  INDICATED...

* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO GARRAPATA
  STATE PARK AND ANDREW MOLERA STATE PARK

A FLASH FLOOD WARNING IS BEING ISSUED DUE TO CONCERN OVER POTENTIAL 
FOR ROCKFALL AND DEBRIS FLOW POTENTIAL ALONG THE SANTA LUCIA RANGE 
IMPACTING HIGHWAY 1 AND OTHER LOCALIZED ROUTES OF TRAVEL AND SMALL 
COMMUNITIES THERE.  THE INTENSE RAINFALL MAY ALSO CAUSE LOCALIZED 
FLOODING IN THE STEEP MOUNTAIN DRAINAGES...BUT DUE TO THE VERY FEW 
FLOODPLAINS IN THIS AREA...THE MAIN CONCERN IS FOR ROCKFALL AND 
DEBRIS FLOWS.

RUNOFF FROM HEAVY RAINFALL WILL CAUSE LOCALIZED FLOODING OF SMALL
CREEKS AND STREAMS AS WELL AS ROADWAYS...UNDERPASSES AND OTHER LOW
LYING SPOTS. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CROSS SWIFTLY FLOWING WATER OR WATER
OF UNKNOWN DEPTH. TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.

IT IS IMPORTANT FOR CAMPERS AND HIKERS TO KNOW WHERE THEY ARE
RELATIVE TO CREEKS...STREAMS...OR RIVERS WHICH CAN BECOME DANGEROUS
IN HEAVY RAINS. BE PARTICULARLY AWARE IN HILLY TERRAIN WHERE MANY LOW
WATER CROSSINGS CAN QUICKLY BECOME KILLERS.

BE ESPECIALLY CAUTIOUS AT NIGHT WHEN IT IS HARDER TO RECOGNIZE THE
DANGERS OF FLOODING. IF FLASH FLOODING IS OBSERVED ACT QUICKLY. MOVE
UP TO HIGHER GROUND TO ESCAPE FLOOD WATERS. DO NOT STAY IN AREAS
SUBJECT TO FLOODING WHEN WATER BEGINS RISING.

TO REPORT FLOODING...HAVE THE NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY RELAY
YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FORECAST OFFICE.

LAT...LON 3601 12158 3611 12164 3619 12172 3623 12182
      3630 12192 3634 12190 3647 12194 3651 12183
      3636 12175 3623 12158 3611 12147 3607 12143
      3600 12152

$$

CW

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA
452 PM PST THU DEC 11 2014

.SYNOPSIS...MODERATE TO AT TIMES HEAVY RAIN WILL CONTINUE THROUGH
THE AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING AS A STALLED FRONTAL BOUNDARY
REMAINS OVER THE REGION. LINGERING SHOWERS AND POSSIBLE
THUNDERSTORMS WILL THEN PERSIST THROUGH FRIDAY. DRY WEATHER
RETURNS FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE WEEKEND WITH OUR NEXT SYSTEM SET
TO IMPACT THE REGION BY SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY.

&&

.DISCUSSION...AS OF 03:45 PM PST THURSDAY...THE HEAVIEST RAIN BAND
OUT HEAD OF THE STRONG COLD FRONT THAT PRODUCED WIDESPREAD FLASH
FLOODING ACROSS THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA EARLIER TODAY...AND
MORE WIDESPREAD FLOODING OVER PORTIONS OF THE NORTH BAY HAS PUSHED
SOUTH OF THE MONTEREY BAY AS OF THIS AFTERNOON. HOWEVER...IT
APPEARS THE FRONT MAY HAVE ACTUALLY WEAKEN IN THE PAST FEW HOURS
AND STALLED OVER SOUTHERN MONTEREY/SAN BENITO COUNTY. THIS HAS
RESULTED IN AN INCREASE IN MODERATE RAIN DEVELOPING ON THE BACK
SIDE OF THE BOUNDARY AS COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF MOISTURE ADVECTS INTO
THE REGION. THE LATEST SATELLITE DATA ALSO SUGGEST THE CLOUD TOPS
ARE COOLING WITH THIS BAND AND MAY BE SHIFTING SLIGHTLY NORTHWARD.
RAIN RATES OF 0.25" TO 0.50" WILL LIKELY CONTINUE WITH THIS
PRECIPITATION. THIS WILL LEAD TO ADDITIONAL CONCERNS FOR URBAN
AREAS AND SMALL STREAMS/CREEKS ACROSS MUCH OF THE REGION. GIVE
THIS...WILL KEEP THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE
TONIGHT AND WILL MONITOR THE RADAR FOR ADDITIONAL WARNINGS AND
ADVISORIES. THE FLOODING THREAT WILL NOT END UNTIL THE FRONT
FINALLY SWEEPS THROUGH AND THIS MODERATE RAIN SHIELD DISSIPATES.
HOWEVER...THE THREAT FOR STRONG DAMAGING WINDS HAS DIMINISHED AND
THE CURRENT HIGH WIND WARNING HAS BEEN CANCELLED.

IN ADDITION...A COOLER AND MORE UNSTABLE AIR MASS BEHIND THE MAIN
MID/UPPER LEVEL TROUGH IS SLOWLY APPROACHING THE WEST COAST. HAVE
SEEN SOME LIGHTNING DETECTED WELL OFFSHORE IN THIS AIR MASS IN THE
PAST HOUR. DO EXPECT LINGERING SHOWERS WITH ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS
TO CONTINUE TONIGHT AND TOMORROW UNTIL THE TROUGH AXIS SHIFTS EAST
OF THE REGION.

DRIER CONDITIONS ARE THEN FORECAST FOR SATURDAY THROUGH EARLY SUNDAY
WHEN A WEAK SHORT-WAVE RIDGE BUILDS ACROSS THE REGION IN WAKE OF THE
EXITING SYSTEM. OUR NEXT FRONTAL SYSTEM QUICKLY RETURNS TO THE
CALIFORNIA COAST LATE SUNDAY THROUGH MONDAY WHEN A LONG-WAVE TROUGH
APPROACHES THE STATE. LIGHT TO MODERATE RAIN WILL LIKELY IMPACT MUCH
OF THE SAN FRANCISCO/MONTEREY BAY REGION DURING THIS PERIOD WITH
URBAN AREAS PICKING UP 0.25" TO 0.75" WITH HIGHER AMOUNTS IN THE
COASTAL RANGES AND THE NORTH BAY. WILL BE TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT
THIS NEXT SYSTEM ONCE THE CURRENT ONE COMES TO AN END.

&&

.PREV DISCUSSION...AS OF 4:23 AM PST THURSDAY...WILL TRY AND BE
CONCISE AND FOCUS ON HEADLINES. THE FRONT HAS STALLED MOST OF THE
NIGHT IN THE NORTH BAY WITH ONLY 0.01 SO FAR IN THE CITY WHILE THE
VENADO GAGE ON THE SONOMA COAST IS NOW UP TO 4.12 INCHES. OTHER
NOTABLE RAIN TOTALS SO FAR INCLUDE 3.41 AT HAWKEYE (NORTHERN
SONOMA) AND 2.48 AT ANGWIN (NORTHERN NAPA). THE 06Z NAM CAME IN
LAST NIGHT AND SHOWED THE BULLS-EYE OF PRECIP OVER NORTHERN SONOMA
AND SOUTHERN MENDOCINO AND THAT SEEMS TO BE VERIFYING RIGHT NOW.
THOSE IN THE BAY AREA THAT ARE AWAITING MORNING RAINFALL JUST NEED
TO BE PATIENT...THE FRONT IS ON ITS WAY. HAVE ISSUED AN URBAN AND
SMALL STREAM FLOOD ADVISORY FOR THE 3 NORTH BAY COUNTIES FOR THIS
MORNING TO COVER THE COPIOUS RAINFALL THAT IS FALLING UP THERE.
OTHER MAIN CONCERN IS THE REACTION OF THE MAIN STEM RIVERS
INCLUDING THE RUSSIAN AND NAPA. WE RECEIVED NEW DATA AROUND 3 AM
FROM THE RFC THAT SHOWS SOME VERY IMPRESSIVE RISES. THE NAPA RIVER
AT NAPA COULD REACH FLOOD STAGE BY LATE THIS AFTERNOON SO THE
FLASH FLOOD WATCH WILL STAY IN PLACE. AFTER COORDINATING WITH
HYDROLOGISTS WILL WAIT UNTIL 9 AM MODEL SIMULATIONS BEFORE ISSUING
ANY STATEMENTS ON THE RUSSIAN OR NAPA. ANY QUICK RISES BY TONIGHT
SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY RAPID FALLS AS WELL.

THE HEAVY RAIN WILL MARCH SOUTHWARD THROUGH THE BAY AREA LATER
THIS MORNING AND INTO THE EARLY AFTERNOON HOURS....FINALLY
REACHING THE MONTEREY BAY REGION LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND EARLY
EVENING. THE HEAVY RAIN WILL PRODUCE URBAN AND SMALL STREAM
FLOODING ISSUES AND THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT
TODAY. HIGH WIND WARNING WILL STAY IN PLACE AS WELL WITH VERY
STRONG SOUTH WIND GUSTS TO 50 MPH AHEAD OF AND JUST BEHIND THE
FRONTAL PASSAGE. WINDS WILL QUICKLY EASE BEHIND THE FRONT THIS
EVENING AND THE WARNING WILL LIKELY BE ABLE TO BE DOWNGRADED BY
THIS EVENING.

HIGH SURF ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT AS WELL AND THE COASTAL
BUOYS ARE ALREADY REPORTING SEA HEIGHTS TO 16 FEET.

WERE ALSO MONITORING T-STORM POTENTIAL AND SPC HAS HIGHLIGHTED
OUR AREA FOR A MARGINAL THREAT. MAIN CONCERN IS ACTUALLY OVER THE
OCEAN WHERE THE WARM SSTS WILL HELP DESTABILIZE THINGS BEHIND THE
FRONT AS SOME OF THE COOLER AIR ALOFT ARRIVES.

STEADY RAIN WILL QUICKLY END BEHIND THE FRONT AND SHOWERS WILL
LINGER OVERNIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY EVENING. SATURDAY LOOKS REAL NICE
WITH HIGH PRESSURE BUILDING.

NEXT FRONT ARRIVES SUNDAY EVENING SO THE DAYLIGHT HOURS OF SUNDAY
LOOK GOOD. THE SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY RAIN LOOKS LIGHT TO
MODERATE WITH TOTALS FROM 0.25-0.75 FOR THE GREATER BAY AREA. A
NICE WINTER SOAKING. SHOWER THREAT TO CONTINUE AT LEAST THROUGH
TUESDAY WITH HINTS OF ANOTHER WEAK TO MODERATE STORM TOWARDS THE
SECOND HALF OF NEXT WEEK.

.&&

AVIATION...AS OF 4:51 PM PST THURSDAY...SATELLITE SHOWS AN IMPRESSIVE
LOOKING SOUTHWESTERLY FETCH OF MOISTURE STREAMING IN OVER THE
FORECAST AREA ASSOCIATED WITH A STRONG UPPER LEVEL EPAC TROUGH.
HOURLY RAINFALL RATES SINCE THE EARLY MORNING HAVE AT TIMES BEEN
AS HIGH AS 1" WITH A LOCALIZED HOURLY RATE UPWARDS OF A VERY
IMPRESSIVE 3" IN THE BIG SUR COASTAL MOUNTAINS ABOUT 1-2 HOURS
AGO. WIDESPREAD MODERATE TO HEAVY RAINFALL IS NOT DONE YET. DROP
OFF OF GUSTY WINDS SINCE MORNING MAY BE TIED INTO STALLING OF THE
COLD FRONTAL BOUNDARY AND POSSIBLY SMALLER SCALE LOW PRESSURE
AREA/WAVE DEVELOPMENT RIGHT ALONG THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY... IN
EFFECT ELEVATING MAIN WEATHER RISK TO HIGHER RAINFALL RATES.

FREEZING LEVELS WILL LOWER AND INSTABILITY WILL STEADILY INCREASE
THROUGH THE EVENING AND OVERNIGHT INTO FRIDAY MORNING. EAST BOUND
COLD POOL OF AIR ALOFT WITH THE TROUGH WILL LEAD TO GREATER AIR
MASS INSTABILITY AS SOON AS 06Z- 09Z (10 PM - 1 AM) TIMEFRAME
TONIGHT. THE FOCUS THIS SHIFT WILL INCLUDE TURNING TO THE COASTAL WATERS
ENVIRONMENT AS T-STORM DEVELOPMENT IS FAVORED THERE MOSTLY DUE TO
STEEPER TEMP LAPSE RATES OVER A LARGE AREA OF ABOVE NORMAL SEA
SURFACE TEMPS.

MVFR/VFR IS FORECAST FOR THE PERIOD WITH HEAVY SHOWERS AND AS MENTIONED
ABOVE T-STORM DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COASTAL WATERS. T-STORMS MAY BRIEFLY
SHOW DEEPER LAYERED ROTATION PRIOR TO MAKING LAND FALL. T-STORMS CELLS
THAT MAKE IT TO LAND SHOULD DISSIPATE MORE QUICKLY.

VICINITY OF KSFO...MVFR/VFR. MODERATE TO HEAVY RAIN THROUGH THE EVENING.
RAIN TAPERS OFF TO SHOWERS BY AROUND MIDNIGHT.

KSFO BRIDGE APPROACH...SIMILAR TO KSFO.

MONTEREY BAY AREA TERMINALS...MVFR/VFR. MODERATE TO HEAVY RAIN THROUGH
THE EVENING. RAIN TAPERS OFF TO SHOWERS AFTER MIDNIGHT.

&&

&&

.MARINE...AS OF 03:31 PM PST THURSDAY...WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO
BECOME MORE WESTERLY ACROSS A MAJORITY OF THE COASTAL WATERS THIS
EVENING AS TODAY'S COLD FRONT CONTINUES TO MOVE ONSHORE. GALE
FORCE WINDS ARE STILL ANTICIPATED THIS EVENING SOUTH OF PT SUR.
PERIODS OF HEAVY PRECIPITATION REMAIN A POSSIBILITY OVERNIGHT. A
LARGE WEST SWELL CONTINUES TO MOVE THROUGH THE WATERS CREATING
HAZARDOUS SEAS WHICH ARE ANTICIPATED TO PERSIST THROUGH FRIDAY
AFTERNOON.

&&

.MTR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
     .TNGT...FLASH FLOOD WATCH...ENTIRE SF AND MONTEREY BAY REGION
             COASTAL FLOOD WARNING...SAN FRANCISCO
             HIGH SURF ADVISORY...COASTLINE FROM SONOMA COUNTY TO MONTEREY COUNTY
             SCA...MONTEREY BAY
             SCA...PT ARENA TO PT REYES 0-10 NM
             SCA...PT REYES TO PIGEON PT 0-10 NM
             SCA...PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS 0-10 NM
             SCA...PT ARENA TO PT REYES 10-60 NM
             SCA...PT REYES TO PIGEON PT 10-60 NM
             SCA...PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS 10-60 NM
             GLW...PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 0-10 NM UNTIL 7 PM
             GLW...PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 10-60 NM UNTIL 7 PM
             SCA...PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 0-10 NM
             SCA...PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 10-60 NM
             SCA...ROUGH BAR ADVISORY FOR SF BAR

&&

PUBLIC FORECAST: RGASS
AVIATION: CANEPA
MARINE: LARRY

VISIT US AT WEATHER.GOV/SANFRANCISCO

FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK, TWITTER, AND YOUTUBE AT:
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/NWSBAYAREA
WWW.TWITTER.COM/NWSBAYAREA
WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/NWSBAYAREA

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA
542 AM PST THU DEC 11 2014

CAZ006-505>513-516>518-528>530-120100-
SAN FRANCISCO-
COASTAL NORTH BAY...INCLUDING POINT REYES NATIONAL SEASHORE-
NORTH BAY INTERIOR VALLEYS-NORTH BAY MOUNTAINS-
SAN FRANCISCO BAY SHORELINE-SAN FRANCISCO PENINSULA COAST-
EAST BAY INTERIOR VALLEYS-EAST BAY HILLS AND DIABLO RANGE-
SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS-SANTA CLARA VALLEY...INCLUDING SAN JOSE-
SOUTHERN SALINAS VALLEY...ARROYO SECO...AND LAKE SAN ANTONIO-
SANTA LUCIA MOUNTAINS AND LOS PADRES NATIONAL FOREST-
MOUNTAINS OF SAN BENITO AND INTERIOR MONTEREY COUNTY INCLUDING
PINNACLES NATIONAL PARK-
NORTHERN SALINAS VALLEY...HOLLISTER VALLEY...AND CARMEL VALLEY-
NORTHERN MONTEREY BAY-SOUTHERN MONTEREY BAY AND BIG SUR COAST-
542 AM PST THU DEC 11 2014

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA AND
MONTEREY BAY AREA.

.DAY ONE...THURSDAY AND THURSDAY NIGHT

A POWERFUL PACIFIC STORM SYSTEM WILL BRING HEAVY RAIN AND THE
POTENTIAL FOR STRONG DAMAGING WINDS THROUGH THURSDAY EVENING.

* HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT FOR THE ENTIRE REGION *

* FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FOR THE ENTIRE REGION *

* HIGH SURF ADVISORY ALONG THE COAST *

* FOR A DETAILED VIEW OF THE HAZARDS...PLEASE VISIT
  HTTP://WWW.WEATHER.GOV/MONTEREY/HAZARDS

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY

SHOWERS AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY. DRY WEATHER RETURNS
SATURDAY THROUGH THE DAYLIGHT HOURS OF SUNDAY. LIGHT TO MODERATE
RAIN RETURNS SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY WITH SHOWERS THROUGH TUESDAY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
CONDITIONS PER STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES.

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA
232 PM PST THU DEC 11 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0206 PM     FLOOD            3 WSW PRUNEDALE         36.79N 121.70W
12/11/2014                   MONTEREY           CA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            ROAD FLOODING REPORTED AT MERIDIAN ROAD AND ARCHER ROAD

&&

JOHNSON

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA
403 PM PST THU DEC 11 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0343 PM     DEBRIS FLOW      4 SSW LOS GATOS         37.17N 121.99W
12/11/2014                   SANTA CLARA        CA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            MUDSLIDE REPORTED ON CA-17 BEFORE IDYLWILD ROAD IN SANTA
            CLARA COUNTY. RIGHT LANE BLOCKED DUE TO A MUDSLIDE.

&&

JOHNSON

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA
455 PM PST THU DEC 11 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0453 PM     HEAVY RAIN       2 E SAN JOSE            37.31N 121.82W
12/11/2014  E2.00 INCH       SANTA CLARA        CA   BROADCAST MEDIA

            PARTIAL ROOF COLLAPSE AT SAFEWAY STORE DUE TO HEAVY RAIN

&&

ACROSS

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA
456 PM PST THU DEC 11 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0453 PM     FLOOD            5 W MILL VALLEY         37.90N 122.64W
12/11/2014                   MARIN              CA   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            HIGHWAY 1 CLOSED FROM PANORAMIC HIGHWAY TO MUIR WOODS DUE
            TO FLOODING

&&

ACROSS

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA
500 PM PST THU DEC 11 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0315 PM     FLOOD            1 S BERKELEY            37.85N 122.29W
12/11/2014                   ALAMEDA            CA   BROADCAST MEDIA

            ASHBY AVENUE RAILWAY UNDERPASS NEAR INTERSTATE 80
            FLOODED. THREE CARS STRANDED.

&&

ACROSS

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA
506 PM PST THU DEC 11 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0315 PM     FLOOD            5 SSW CASTRO VALLEY     37.64N 122.10W
12/11/2014                   ALAMEDA            CA   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            MULTIPLE LANES OF CA-92 BEFORE I-880 BLOCKED DUE TO
            FLOODING

&&

ACROSS