Alert archive / Indiana / Flash Flood Warnings in 2014

Flash Flood Warning 6, NWS Northern Indiana

August 22, 20146 counties in Indiana

NWS Northern Indiana issued this flash flood warning at Aug 22, 2014, 2:45 AM EDT for 6 counties in Indiana. It was in force for 9 hr. 16 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Aug 22, 2014, 2:45 AM EDT (06:45 UTC)
Expired: Aug 22, 2014, 11:45 AM EDT
In force: 9 hr
Issued by: NWS Northern Indiana
Area: Storm-based polygon
Flood severity: None

Counties Blackford County, IN, Grant County, IN, Huntington County, IN, Jay County, IN, Wabash County, IN, Wells County, IN

The radar

The Northern Indiana radar (KIWX), 105 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 06:46 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Aug 22, 3:18 AM EDT	FLASH FLOOD	Hartford City, IN	REPORTS OF FLASH FLOODING IN HARTFORD CITY WITH POTENTIALLY A FOOT OR MORE OF WATER IN SOME AREAS.
Aug 22, 5:58 AM EDT	FLASH FLOOD	Marion, IN	MANY ROADS FLOODED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY WITH ONE TO 2.5 FEET OF WATER.
Aug 22, 6:00 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 7.35	6 Ne Marion, IN	24 HOUR STORM TOTAL.
Aug 22, 6:20 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 8	1 Se Montpelier, IN	24 HOUR TOTAL. STILL RAINING AT THE TIME OF THE REPORT.
Aug 22, 7:00 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 6.3	Pennville, IN	24 HOUR STORM TOTAL.
Aug 22, 7:00 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 7.43	2 Se Van Buren, IN	24 HOUR TOTAL.
Aug 22, 7:10 AM EDT	FLASH FLOOD	6 E Marion, IN	INTERSTATE 69 HAS BEEN CLOSED IN EASTERN GRANT COUNTY DUE TO WATER OVER THE INTERSTATE.
Aug 22, 7:24 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 5	2 Nnw Roll, IN	OVER 5 INCHES OF RAIN HAS FALLEN IN THE LAST 24 HOURS.
Aug 22, 7:26 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 4.5	Warren, IN	RAIN STILL FALLING.
Aug 22, 7:37 AM EDT	FLASH FLOOD	4 E Marion, IN	MANY REPORTS OF FLOODED ROADWAYS...STALLED VEHICLES....FLOOD DEBRIS IN ROADWAYS....WATER AS DEEP AS 3 FEET DEEP ACROSS SOME ROADS.
Aug 22, 7:47 AM EDT	FLASH FLOOD	Hartford City, IN	MANY COUNTY AND STATE ROADS CLOSED COUNTYWIDE DUE TO FLOODING. MANY STRANDED VEHICLES.
Aug 22, 8:00 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 4.04	Portland, IN	24 HOUR STORM TOTAL.
Aug 22, 8:00 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 4.45	3 Wsw Portland, IN	24 HOUR STORM TOTAL.
Aug 22, 8:00 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 9	4 Ese Hartford City, IN	24 HOUR STORM TOTAL.
Aug 22, 8:00 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 9.7	Hartford City, IN	24 HOUR STORM TOTAL.
Aug 22, 9:00 AM EDT	HEAVY RAIN 10.63	5 Nw Hartford City, IN	24 HOUR STORM TOTAL.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 5 storm reports to this flash flood warning; the first came 33 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Cncnati-Daytn, OH (KILN), launched 00:00Z, 6.8 hours before the alert went out and 173 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 536 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -57 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 772 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 40 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 156 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 234 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.4
Supercell composite: 3.9

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

097 
WGUS53 KIWX 220645
FFWIWX
INC009-053-069-075-169-179-221245-
/O.NEW.KIWX.FF.W.0006.140822T0645Z-140822T1245Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
245 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN NORTHERN INDIANA HAS ISSUED A

* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  GRANT COUNTY IN CENTRAL INDIANA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...UPLAND...MARION...GAS CITY...
  FAIRMOUNT...
  BLACKFORD COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL INDIANA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITY OF HARTFORD CITY...
  JAY COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL INDIANA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...PORTLAND...DUNKIRK...
  SOUTHEASTERN WABASH COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  SOUTHERN HUNTINGTON COUNTY IN NORTHEAST INDIANA...
  SOUTHERN WELLS COUNTY IN NORTHEAST INDIANA...

* UNTIL 845 AM EDT

* AT 236 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED   
  THUNDERSTORMS WITH VERY HEAVY RAIN ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM     
  10 MILES SOUTHEAST OF WABASH TO HARTFORD CITY...MOVING SOUTHEAST   
  AT 10 MPH. DOPPLER RADAR ESTIMATES 2 TO 4 INCHES OF RAIN HAD       
  FALLEN IN THE PAST HOUR IN PORTIONS OF THIS AREA WITH STORM TOTALS 
  TONIGHT OVER 7 INCHES. 

* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO VAN
  BUREN...REDKEY...MONTPELIER AND PENNVILLE

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

BE ESPECIALLY CAUTIOUS AT NIGHT WHEN IT IS HARDER TO RECOGNIZE THE
DANGERS OF FLOODING. IF FLASH FLOODING IS OBSERVED ACT QUICKLY. MOVE
UP TO HIGHER GROUND TO ESCAPE FLOOD WATERS. DO NOT STAY IN AREAS
SUBJECT TO FLOODING WHEN WATER BEGINS RISING.

&&

LAT...LON 4039 8522 4039 8586 4052 8587 4085 8565
      4047 8479 4032 8480 4031 8521

$$

TAYLOR

4 follow-up statements

862 
WGUS73 KIWX 220752
FFSIWX

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
352 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

INC009-053-069-075-169-179-221245-
/O.CON.KIWX.FF.W.0006.000000T0000Z-140822T1245Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
WABASH IN-HUNTINGTON IN-WELLS IN-GRANT IN-JAY IN-BLACKFORD IN-
352 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 845 AM EDT FOR
BLACKFORD...JAY...GRANT...SOUTHERN WELLS...SOUTHERN HUNTINGTON AND
SOUTHEASTERN WABASH COUNTIES...

AT 334 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO 
INDICATE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCING TORRENTIAL RAIN AND FLASH 
FLOODING.  THESE STORMS WERE LOCATED ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 9 
MILES NORTHEAST OF MARION TO DUNKIRK...MOVING EAST AT 10 MPH. RADAR 
ESTIMATES 4 TO 5 INCHES OF RAIN FELL BETWEEN 1230 AM AND 330 AM OVER 
EASTERN GRANT COUNTY AND WESTERN BLACKFORD COUNTY... 
INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING STREAMS... BLACK CREEK... LITTLE 
WALNUT CREEK AND SALT CREEK. FLASH FLOODING HAS BEEN REPORTED IN 
HARTFORD CITY. INTERSTATE 69 BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 254 AND 279 HAS 
ALSO BEEN IMPACTED BY THE AXIS OF HEAVIEST RAINFALL... WHICH RADAR 
INDICATES EXCEEDS 8 INCHES SINCE YESTERDAY.  

OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO
REDKEY...MONTPELIER...PENNVILLE AND PORTLAND

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING STREAMS AND DRAINAGES...
WABASH RIVER...SALAMONIE RIVER...MISSISSINEWA RIVER...AND BIG LICK 
CREEK.

DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE
ROADWAY. THE WATER DEPTH MAY BE TOO GREAT TO ALLOW YOUR CAR TO CROSS
SAFELY. MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND.

&&

LAT...LON 4039 8522 4039 8586 4052 8587 4085 8565
      4047 8479 4032 8480 4031 8521

$$

TAYLOR

828 
WGUS73 KIWX 220950
FFSIWX

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
550 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

INC009-053-069-075-169-179-221245-
/O.CON.KIWX.FF.W.0006.000000T0000Z-140822T1245Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
WABASH IN-HUNTINGTON IN-WELLS IN-GRANT IN-JAY IN-BLACKFORD IN-
550 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 845 AM EDT FOR
BLACKFORD...JAY...GRANT...SOUTHERN WELLS...SOUTHERN HUNTINGTON AND
SOUTHEASTERN WABASH COUNTIES...

AT 540 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO 
INDICATE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCING VERY HEAVY RAIN 7 MILES EAST OF 
HARTFORD CITY...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 25 MPH. RADAR INDICATED 4 TO 6 
INCHES OF RAIN FELL BETWEEN 100 AM AND 530 AM OVER PORTIONS OF THIS 
AREA... WITH HEAVIEST AMOUNTS FROM JUST EAST OF MARION THROUGH 
HARTFORD CITY. 

OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO
DUNKIRK...REDKEY AND PORTLAND

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING STREAMS AND DRAINAGES...
MISSISSINEWA RIVER... LITTLE LICK CREEK... PRARIE CREEK... AND BIG 
LICK CREEK. 

MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO
AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY
DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS POWERFUL
ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED
ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.

&&

LAT...LON 4039 8522 4039 8586 4052 8587 4085 8565
      4047 8479 4032 8480 4031 8521

$$

TAYLOR

502 
WGUS53 KIWX 221245
FFWIWX
INC009-053-069-075-169-179-221545-
/O.EXT.KIWX.FF.W.0006.000000T0000Z-140822T1545Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
845 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN NORTHERN INDIANA HAS EXTENDED THE

* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  GRANT COUNTY IN CENTRAL INDIANA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...UPLAND...MARION...GAS CITY...
  FAIRMOUNT...
  BLACKFORD COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL INDIANA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITY OF HARTFORD CITY...
  JAY COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL INDIANA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...PORTLAND...DUNKIRK...
  SOUTHEASTERN WABASH COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  SOUTHERN HUNTINGTON COUNTY IN NORTHEAST INDIANA...
  SOUTHERN WELLS COUNTY IN NORTHEAST INDIANA...

* UNTIL 1145 AM EDT

* AT 839 AM EDT...TRAINED SPOTTERS REPORTED STORM TOTAL RAINFALL     
  AMOUNTS OF 7 TO 10 INCHES FROM EASTERN GRANT INTO MUCH OF          
  BLACKFORD COUNTY. 3 TO 7 INCHES OF RAIN HAD FALLEN SINCE MIDNIGHT. 
  RUNOFF FROM THIS VERY HEAVY RAINFALL WILL CONTINUE TO POSE THE     
  THREAT OF FLASH FLOODING THROUGH MIDDAY.

* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO
  MONTPELIER...PENNVILLE...VAN BUREN...SWEETSER...SWAYZEE...JONESBORO
  AND LA FONTAINE

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO
AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY
DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS POWERFUL
ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED
ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.

A FLASH FLOOD WARNING MEANS THAT FLOODING IS IMMINENT OR OCCURRING.
IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNING AREA MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY.
RESIDENTS LIVING ALONG STREAMS AND CREEKS SHOULD TAKE IMMEDIATE
PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CROSS
SWIFTLY FLOWING WATERS OR WATERS OF UNKNOWN DEPTH BY FOOT OR BY
AUTOMOBILE.

&&

LAT...LON 4039 8522 4039 8586 4052 8587 4085 8565
      4047 8479 4032 8480 4031 8521

$$

MARSILI

276 
WGUS73 KIWX 221538
FFSIWX

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
1138 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

INC009-053-069-075-169-179-221546-
/O.EXP.KIWX.FF.W.0006.000000T0000Z-140822T1545Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
WABASH IN-HUNTINGTON IN-WELLS IN-GRANT IN-JAY IN-BLACKFORD IN-
1138 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

...THE FLASH FLOOD WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 1145 AM EDT FOR
BLACKFORD...JAY...GRANT...SOUTHERN WELLS...SOUTHERN HUNTINGTON AND
SOUTHEASTERN WABASH COUNTIES...

THE FLASH FLOOD WARNING WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE AT 1145 AM 
EDT...AND REPLACED WITH AN AREAL FLOOD WARNING. SPOTTER REPORTS AND 
DOPPLER RADAR INDICATE THAT BETWEEN 5 AND 10 INCHES OF RAIN HAD 
FALLEN ACROSS THE WARNING AREA OVER THE PAST 24 HOURS...WITH MOST OF 
THIS RAINFALL COMING SINCE LAST EVENING. WIDESPREAD FLOODING CAN BE 
EXPECTED TO CONTINUE THROUGH TONIGHT.

LAT...LON 4039 8522 4039 8586 4052 8587 4085 8565
      4047 8479 4032 8480 4031 8521

$$

MARSILI

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Northern Indiana wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Aug 22, 1:45 AM EDT, 1 hour earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Aug 22, 1:45 AM EDT, 1 hour before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
145 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

.SYNOPSIS...
ISSUED AT 310 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

A SERIES OF UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCES WILL MOVE ACROSS THE GREAT
LAKES AND OHIO VALLEY REGIONS TONIGHT. THESE DISTURBANCES WILL
INTERACT WITH A STALLED FRONTAL BOUNDARY ACROSS THE REGION AND
ABUNDANT LOW LEVEL MOISTURE TO PRODUCE A GOOD CHANCE OF SHOWERS
AND THUNDERSTORMS TONIGHT INTO EARLY FRIDAY. AN UPPER LEVEL RIDGE
WILL BUILD INTO THE REGION FRIDAY NIGHT AND SATURDAY WITH HOT AND
HUMID CONDITIONS...ALONG WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF ISOLATED
THUNDERSTORMS. LOW TEMPERATURES TONIGHT WILL DROP INTO THE UPPER
60S AND LOWER 70S. HIGH TEMPERATURES ON FRIDAY WILL RANGE FROM THE
LOWER TO MID 80S ACROSS CENTRAL LOWER MICHIGAN...TO AROUND 90
ACROSS NORTHEAST ILLINOIS AND CENTRAL INDIANA.

&&

.UPDATE...
ISSUED AT 142 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

RADAR TRENDS CONTINUE TO EXPAND WITH A NARROW LINE OF
SHOWERS/STORMS IN WEST INDIANA AND A LARGE CLUSTER OF STORMS
MOVING ACROSS PORTIONS OF NORTHERN/CENTRAL ILLINOIS. THE INITIAL
LINE WAS MOVING ESE WITH THE CLUSTER GENERALLY EAST AT ONLY AROUND
20 TO 25 MPH. SPC MESO ANALYSIS INDICATED UPWARDS OF 2000 J/KG OF
MOST UNSTABLE CAPE (AN INCREASE OVER THE PAST FEW HOURS) WITH
PRECIPITABLE WATERS OVER 2 INCHES AND CORFIDI VECTORS BARELY 10
KNOTS. THIS COMBINED WITH THE RECENT RAINFALL IN THE SW MAY LEAD
TO AN INCREASED THREAT OF FLOODING IN SOME AREAS. WILL MONITOR
OVER THE NEXT HOURS OR 2 TO SEE WHERE THE HEAVIEST PRECIP MAY
TRACK AND DECIDE THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION FOR ANY HYDRO CONCERNS
AS HRRR AND RUC SEEM TO POINT TOWARDS THE HEAVIEST RAIN REMAINING
JUST TO THE NE OF THE GREATEST AREA OF CONCERN. ANOTHER GRID
UPDATE WILL BE NEEDED TO REFLECT THE PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED CONCERN
FOR EXPANSION OF ACTIVITY FURTHER NORTH.

&&

.SHORT TERM...(THIS EVENING THROUGH FRIDAY)
ISSUED AT 310 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

THE NEXT IN A SERIES OF SMALL SCALE SHORT WAVES ACROSS SOUTHEAST
WISCONSIN WILL DROP EAST SOUTHEAST OVER THE NEXT FEW HOURS
RESULTING IN INCREASING COVERAGE OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS.
CONVECTION EARLIER THIS AFTERNOON HAS STABILIZED CONDITIONS
SOMEWHAT FOR SFC BASED PARCELS...BUT WELL-ESTABLISHED AXIS OF
POOLED LOW LEVEL MOISTURE WILL ALLOW FOR MODERATE ELEVATED
INSTABILITY AND SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS. SHOWERS ALSO APPEAR TO BE
FOCUSING LATE THIS AFTERNOON ON AXIS OF DIFFERENTIAL HEATING FROM
VPZ-RCR-AOH. SHEAR PROFILES WILL BE STEADILY ON THE INCREASE OVER
THE NEXT SEVERAL HOURS HOWEVER...AS BELT OF STRONGER UPPER LEVEL
WESTERLIES OVERSPREADS THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES REGION. LIMITING
FACTORS TO INSTABILITY SHOULD TEND TO MITIGATE SEVERE POTENTIAL
OVER THE NEXT SEVERAL HOURS. NEXT UPPER LEVEL SHORT WAVE
PROGRESSING THROUGH MEAN RIDGE ACROSS EASTERN IOWA/NORTHWEST
ILLINOIS SHOULD ALLOW FOR CONTINUED BROAD ISENTROPIC ASCENT OVER
LOW LEVEL BOUNDARY ACROSS THE REGION...WITH CONTINUED THUNDER
CHANCES LATE EVENING INTO THE EARLY PORTION OF THE OVERNIGHT. SOME
LOW END SEVERE POTENTIAL MAY EXIST IF UPSTREAM CONVECTION CAN
CONGEAL LATER THIS EVENING...WHICH CANNOT BE RULED OUT GIVEN
STRENGTHENING BACKGROUND SHEAR PROFILES. OTHER CONCERN FOR TONIGHT
WILL BE POSSIBLE HYDRO IMPACTS. SHOWERS/STORMS EARLIER TODAY LAID
OUT AN AXIS OF 1-2 INCH RAINFALL AMOUNTS FROM WESTERN STARKE
COUNTY INTO GRANT COUNTY. THIS CORRIDOR SHOULD REPRESENT BEST
OVERALL ELEVATED INSTABILITY TONIGHT...AND WITH LITTLE
DISPLACEMENT OF NEARLY 2 INCH PWAT AXIS AND WARM CLOUD DEPTHS
GREATER THAN 12K FT...CANNOT RULE SOME LOCALIZED HEAVY RAINFALL.
WITH STILL SOME UNCERTAINTIES ON HOW UPSTREAM CONVECTION WILL
EVOLVE TONIGHT...AND A FAIRLY SIZABLE TEMPORAL GAP FROM THIS
MORNINGS HEAVY RAINFALL...HAVE OPTED TO HOLD OFF ON ANY HYDRO
HEADLINES AT THIS TIME.

AFOREMENTIONED IOWA SHORT WAVE WILL BECOME MORE SHEARED IN NATURE
ACROSS THE OHIO VALLEY/SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES TONIGHT INTO EARLY
FRIDAY MORNING AND PROVIDE BEST FORCING TO EASTERN PORTIONS OF THE
AREA BY AFTERNOON. MID LEVEL HEIGHT RISES WILL SLOWLY BUILD IN
FROM THE WEST DURING THE DAY ALSO...WHICH SHOULD TEND TO
LIMIT CONVECTIVE COVERAGE ACROSS FAR WESTERN AREAS BY LATE
AFTERNOON. HAVE MAINTAINED HIGH CHANCE POPS INTO FRIDAY
MORNING...WITH GRADUALLY DIMINISHING POPS FROM WEST TO EAST
DURING THE AFTERNOON. IF GOOD DEAL OF INSOLATION CAN BE
REALIZED...TEMPERATURES COULD REACH INTO THE LOWER 90S ACROSS
SOUTHWEST PORTIONS OF THE AREA LATE AFTERNOON...WITH HEAT INDICES
PUSHING NEAR THE 100 DEGREE MARK. GREATER CLOUD COVER/PRECIP
SHOULD ALLOW FOR HEAT INDICES REMAINING IN THE LOWER 90S ACROSS
THE EASTERN HALF.

&&

.LONG TERM...(FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY)
ISSUED AT 310 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

UPPER LEVEL RIDGE WILL BUILD NORTHEAST INTO THE GREAT LAKES REGION
THIS WEEKEND INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK WHICH WILL SUPPORT A TREND TOWARD
HOT/MAINLY DRY WX. RETAINED LOW CHANCES FOR SHOWERS/STORMS FRIDAY
NIGHT INTO SATURDAY...MAINLY SOUTHWEST WHERE LOW LEVEL THETA-E
GRADIENT REMAINS ANCHORED AS COOLER EASTERLY DRAINAGE FLOW INTO
OUR NORTHEASTERN ZONES LIMITS NORTHEAST MIX OF DIFFUSE INSTABILITY
GRADIENT/BOUNDARY. PRECIP CHANCES REMAIN NONZERO INTO SUNDAY AND
MONDAY GIVEN AN INCREASINGLY MOIST/UNSTABLE BOUNDARY
LAYER...ALTHOUGH WARMING/DRYING ALOFT UNDER UPPER RIDGE AXIS SUGGEST
HOLDING WITH A DRY FCST (10 POP) STILL THE WAY TO GO.

GRADUAL EASTWARD DRIFT OF A WESTERN CONUS UPPER TROUGH INTO THE
NORTH-CENTRAL US WILL EVENTUALLY FLATTEN UPPER RIDGE IN PLACE...
WITH MOISTURE CHANNEL/THETA-E FOLD INTO THE LOWER LAKES SUPPORTING
INCREASING CHANCES FOR SHOWERS/STORMS. MODELS CONTINUE TO DIFFER
WITH TIMING/AMPLITUDE OF THIS FEATURE RESULTING IN LOW CONFIDENCE
POP/TEMP FCST TUESDAY AND BEYOND.

&&

.AVIATION...(FOR THE 06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z FRIDAY NIGHT)
ISSUED AT 130 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

STORMY 3 TO 6 HOUR PERIOD LOOKS TO BE IN STORE FOR AT LEAST KSBN
AND LIKELY KFWA (JUST DELAYED AN HOUR OR 2) AS CONVECTION
CONTINUES TO EXPAND ACROSS FAR WESTERN INDIANA BACK INTO NORTHERN
ILLINOIS. A DEVELOPING LINE OF SHOWERS/STORMS WILL DRIFT EAST AND
IMPACT KSBN AROUND 7Z. A LARGER CLUSTER OF STORMS WAS LOCATED WEST
OF KJOT AND WORKING EAST AND SOMEWHAT SE. THIS MAY AFFECT KSBN BUT
THINK IMPACTS ON FWA COULD BE GREATER. HAVE HANDLED WITH TEMPO
GROUPS FOR NOW AND WILL MONITOR COVERAGE.

ADDITIONAL SHOWERS AND STORMS COULD DEVELOP JUST ABOUT ANY TIME THROUGH
THE TAF PERIOD BUT WILL LEAVE ANY ADDITIONAL DETAILS OUT FOR NOW.

&&

.IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IN...NONE.
MI...NONE.
OH...NONE.
LM...NONE.
&&

UPDATE...FISHER
SYNOPSIS...MARSILI
SHORT TERM...MARSILI
LONG TERM...STEINWEDEL
AVIATION...FISHER

VISIT US AT WWW.WEATHER.GOV/IWX (ALL LOWER CASE)

FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK...TWITTER...AND YOUTUBE AT:
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/NWSNORTHERNINDIANA
WWW.TWITTER.COM/NWSIWX
WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/NWSNORTHERNINDIANA

Hazardous weather outlook, Aug 21, 5:40 PM EDT, 9 hours 5 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
540 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

INZ003-012>018-020-022>027-032>034-OHZ015-016-024-025-222145-
LA PORTE-STARKE-PULASKI-MARSHALL-FULTON IN-KOSCIUSKO-WHITLEY-
ALLEN IN-WHITE-CASS IN-MIAMI-WABASH-HUNTINGTON-WELLS-ADAMS-GRANT-
BLACKFORD-JAY-PAULDING-PUTNAM-VAN WERT-ALLEN OH-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MICHIGAN CITY...LA PORTE...KNOX...
NORTH JUDSON...WINAMAC...FRANCESVILLE...PLYMOUTH...BREMEN...
ROCHESTER...WARSAW...WINONA LAKE...COLUMBIA CITY...SOUTH WHITLEY...
FORT WAYNE...MONTICELLO...BROOKSTON...LOGANSPORT...PERU...WABASH...
NORTH MANCHESTER...HUNTINGTON...BLUFFTON...OSSIAN...DECATUR...
BERNE...MARION...HARTFORD CITY...MONTPELIER...PORTLAND...PAULDING...
ANTWERP...OTTAWA...PANDORA...VAN WERT...DELPHOS...LIMA
540 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014 /440 PM CDT THU AUG 21 2014/

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHWEST OHIO AND
NORTHERN INDIANA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY TONIGHT WITH LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL AND
MINOR FLOODING POSSIBLE. SOME STORMS MAY BE STRONG TO SEVERE ALONG
AND SOUTH OF THE US ROUTE 30 CORRIDOR...WITH DAMAGING WINDS THE
PRIMARY THREAT.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY

THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE FRIDAY AND SATURDAY... AND AGAIN
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY. SOME THUNDERSTORMS ON FRIDAY AND SATURDAY
COULD BE STRONG TO SEVERE.

HOT AND HUMID CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED THROUGH THE PERIOD WITH
AFTERNOON HEAT INDEX READINGS IN THE 90S EACH DAY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED THIS EVENING.

&&

STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES...OR
CHECK OUR WEB SITE AT WEATHER.GOV/IWX

INZ004>009-MIZ077>081-OHZ001-002-004-005-222145-
ST. JOSEPH IN-ELKHART-LAGRANGE-STEUBEN-NOBLE-DE KALB-BERRIEN-CASS MI-
ST. JOSEPH MI-BRANCH-HILLSDALE-WILLIAMS-FULTON OH-DEFIANCE-HENRY-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...SOUTH BEND...MISHAWAKA...ELKHART...
GOSHEN...LAGRANGE...TOPEKA...ANGOLA...KENDALLVILLE...LIGONIER...
AUBURN...GARRETT...NILES...BENTON HARBOR...ST. JOSEPH...BUCHANAN...
DOWAGIAC...CASSOPOLIS...STURGIS...THREE RIVERS...COLDWATER...
HILLSDALE...BRYAN...MONTPELIER...WAUSEON...ARCHBOLD...DEFIANCE...
NAPOLEON
540 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHWEST LOWER
MICHIGAN...NORTHERN INDIANA AND NORTHWEST OHIO.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY TONIGHT WITH LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL AND
MINOR FLOODING POSSIBLE.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY

THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE FRIDAY AND SATURDAY... AND AGAIN
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY. SOME THUNDERSTORMS ON FRIDAY AND SATURDAY
COULD BE STRONG TO SEVERE.

HOT AND HUMID CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED THROUGH THE PERIOD WITH
AFTERNOON HEAT INDEX READINGS IN THE 90S EACH DAY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT LIKELY THIS EVENING.

&&

STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES...OR
CHECK OUR WEB SITE AT WEATHER.GOV/IWX

LMZ043-046-222145-
NEW BUFFALO MI TO ST JOSEPH MI-MICHIGAN CITY IN TO NEW BUFFALO MI-
540 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR THE NEARSHORE WATERS OF
SOUTHEASTERN LAKE MICHIGAN.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY THIS EVENING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY

THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE FRIDAY AND SATURDAY... AND AGAIN
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY. SOME THUNDERSTORMS ON FRIDAY AND SATURDAY
COULD BE STRONG TO SEVERE.

&&

STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES...OR
CHECK OUR WEB SITE AT WEATHER.GOV/IWX/?N=MARINE

In the hours before

Local storm report, Aug 21, 9:08 PM EDT, 5 hours 37 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
908 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0705 PM     TSTM WND DMG     3 SW BREMS              41.31N  86.74W
08/21/2014                   STARKE             IN   911 CALL CENTER

            TREE DOWN AT SR-8 AND 39

&&

AGD

Special weather statement, Aug 21, 9:17 PM EDT, 5 hours 28 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
917 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

INZ025-026-032-033-220145-
BLACKFORD IN-GRANT IN-HUNTINGTON IN-WELLS IN-
917 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS MOVING TOWARD BLACKFORD...GRANT...
SOUTHWESTERN WELLS AND SOUTHERN HUNTINGTON COUNTIES...

AT 914 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED
STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 7 MILES NORTHWEST OF
VAN BUREN TO MARION TO SWAYZEE...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 40 MPH.

PEA SIZE HAIL...WINDS UP TO 50 MPH...FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND
LIGHTNING AND BRIEF HEAVY DOWNPOURS ARE POSSIBLE WITH THESE STORMS.

LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THESE STORMS INCLUDE...
  FAIRMOUNT...
  UPLAND...
  HARTFORD CITY...
  VAN BUREN...
  MONTPELIER...
  WARREN...PLUM TREE AND ARCANA...

THIS INCLUDES INTERSTATE 69 IN INDIANA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 254 AND
279.

GUSTY WINDS MAY CAUSE SMALL BRANCHES TO BE BLOWN DOWN...AND LOOSE
OBJECTS TO BLOW AROUND. STAY AWAY FROM HIGH OBJECTS OUTDOORS SUCH AS
TREES.

SEEK SHELTER IN A STURDY STRUCTURE UNTIL THESE STORMS HAVE PASSED.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EDT
FRIDAY MORNING FOR NORTHEASTERN INDIANA.

LAT...LON 4040 8587 4050 8587 4057 8572 4066 8564
      4083 8559 4065 8520 4039 8522
TIME...MOT...LOC 0118Z 303DEG 35KT 4069 8552 4052 8561
          4043 8578

BENTLEY

Special weather statement, Aug 21, 9:18 PM EDT, 5 hours 27 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
918 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

INZ025-026-032-033-220145-
BLACKFORD IN-GRANT IN-HUNTINGTON IN-WELLS IN-
918 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS MOVING TOWARD BLACKFORD...GRANT...
SOUTHWESTERN WELLS AND SOUTHERN HUNTINGTON COUNTIES...

AT 914 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED
STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 7 MILES NORTHWEST OF
VAN BUREN TO MARION TO SWAYZEE...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 40 MPH.

FUNNEL CLOUDS...PEA SIZE HAIL...WINDS UP TO 50 MPH...FREQUENT CLOUD
TO GROUND LIGHTNING AND BRIEF HEAVY DOWNPOURS ARE POSSIBLE WITH
THESE STORMS.

LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THESE STORMS INCLUDE...
  FAIRMOUNT...
  UPLAND...
  HARTFORD CITY...
  VAN BUREN...
  MONTPELIER...
  WARREN...PLUM TREE AND ARCANA...

THIS INCLUDES INTERSTATE 69 IN INDIANA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 254 AND
279.

GUSTY WINDS MAY CAUSE SMALL BRANCHES TO BE BLOWN DOWN...AND LOOSE
OBJECTS TO BLOW AROUND. STAY AWAY FROM HIGH OBJECTS OUTDOORS SUCH AS
TREES.

SEEK SHELTER IN A STURDY STRUCTURE UNTIL THESE STORMS HAVE PASSED.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EDT
FRIDAY MORNING FOR NORTHEASTERN INDIANA.

LAT...LON 4040 8587 4050 8587 4057 8572 4066 8564
      4083 8559 4065 8520 4039 8522
TIME...MOT...LOC 0118Z 303DEG 35KT 4069 8552 4052 8561
          4043 8578

BENTLEY

Special weather statement, Aug 21, 9:23 PM EDT, 5 hours 22 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
923 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

INZ026-027-033-034-220230-
ADAMS IN-BLACKFORD IN-JAY IN-WELLS IN-
923 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS MOVING TOWARD EASTERN BLACKFORD AND JAY
COUNTIES...

AT 920 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR PENNVILLE...OR 6 MILES NORTHEAST OF
DUNKIRK...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 15 MPH.

FUNNEL CLOUDS...PEA SIZE HAIL...WINDS UP TO 50 MPH...FREQUENT CLOUD
TO GROUND LIGHTNING AND BRIEF HEAVY DOWNPOURS ARE POSSIBLE WITH THIS
STORM.

LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE...
  PORTLAND...
  PORTLAND...
  REDKEY AND CENTER...
  COMO AND BRYANT...
  BLAINE...
  NEW MOUNT PLEASANT AND POWERS...

GUSTY WINDS MAY CAUSE SMALL BRANCHES TO BE BLOWN DOWN...AND LOOSE
OBJECTS TO BLOW AROUND. STAY AWAY FROM HIGH OBJECTS OUTDOORS SUCH AS
TREES.

SEEK SHELTER IN A STURDY STRUCTURE UNTIL THIS STORM HAS PASSED.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EDT
FRIDAY MORNING FOR NORTHEASTERN INDIANA.

LAT...LON 4039 8522 4039 8538 4058 8529 4059 8480
      4032 8480 4032 8521
TIME...MOT...LOC 0123Z 301DEG 13KT 4044 8511

BENTLEY

Local storm report, Aug 21, 10:25 PM EDT, 4 hours 20 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
1025 PM EDT THU AUG 21 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1008 PM     HEAVY RAIN       5 N HUNTINGTON          40.96N  85.50W
08/21/2014  M2.59 INCH       HUNTINGTON         IN   PUBLIC

            TOTAL FOR THE DAY

&&

NG

Special weather statement, Aug 22, 1:58 AM EDT, 47 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
158 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

INZ023>027-032>034-220700-
ADAMS IN-BLACKFORD IN-GRANT IN-HUNTINGTON IN-JAY IN-MIAMI IN-WABASH
IN-WELLS IN-
158 AM EDT FRI AUG 22 2014

...THUNDERSTORMS AFFECTING BLACKFORD...JAY...GRANT...SOUTHERN
WELLS...SOUTHWESTERN ADAMS...SOUTHEASTERN MIAMI...SOUTHERN
HUNTINGTON AND SOUTHERN WABASH COUNTIES...

AT 152 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED AN
AREA OF THUNDERSTORM EXTENDING FROM WABASH TO EAST OF GAS
CITY...MOVING EAST SOUTHEAST AT 20 MPH.

TORRENTIAL RAINFALL WILL POSE THE GREATEST THREAT WITH LOW LYING AND
POOR DRAINAGE AREAS SEEING RAPID PONDING OF WATER AND LOCALIZED HIGH
WATER AS RAINFALL RATES OF 1 TO 2 INCHES PER HOUR OCCUR. FREQUENT
LIGHTNING CAN ALSO BE EXPECTED ALONG WITH ISOLATED SMALL HAIL AND
WIND GUSTS TO 30 MPH.

LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE...
  HARTFORD CITY...
  DUNKIRK...
  PORTLAND...
  MONTPELIER...
  PENNVILLE...
  REDKEY...

THIS INCLUDES INTERSTATE 69 IN INDIANA BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 254 AND
281.

STAY AWAY FROM HIGH OBJECTS OUTDOORS SUCH AS TREES.

SEEK SHELTER IN A STURDY STRUCTURE UNTIL THESE STORMS HAVE PASSED.

LAT...LON 4039 8522 4040 8557 4050 8587 4058 8587
      4059 8611 4095 8593 4056 8480 4032 8480
      4032 8521
TIME...MOT...LOC 0554Z 294DEG 17KT 4055 8536

FISHER

The office that day

Everything else NWS Northern Indiana issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Aug 21, 8:24 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Blackford, Jay	36 min
Aug 21, 8:26 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Wells	34 min
Aug 21, 8:40 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Miami, Wabash	35 min
Aug 21, 8:43 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Grant	32 min
Aug 21, 8:54 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	IWX	Blackford, Grant, Huntington, Wells	3 hr
Aug 21, 9:02 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Whitley	28 min
Aug 21, 9:17 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Blackford, Grant	28 min
Aug 21, 9:18 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Blackford, Grant	27 min
Aug 21, 9:23 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Blackford, Jay	67 min
Aug 21, 9:49 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	IWX	Blackford, Grant, Jay	3 hr
Aug 22, 1:58 AM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Blackford, Grant, Jay, Wabash	62 min
Aug 22, 3:07 AM EDT	Flash Flood Warning	IWX	LaPorte, Starke	6 hr
Aug 22, 4:10 AM EDT	Flash Flood Warning	IWX	Fulton, Pulaski	4 hr
Aug 22, 4:17 AM EDT	Flash Flood Warning	IWX	Allen, Noble, Whitley	4 hr
Aug 22, 4:54 AM EDT	Special Weather Statement	IWX	Cass, White	66 min
Aug 22, 5:09 AM EDT	Flash Flood Warning	IWX	Adams, Wells	4 hr
Aug 22, 6:28 AM EDT	Flash Flood Warning	IWX	Cass, White	3 hr
Aug 22, 9:24 AM EDT	River Flood Warning	IWX	Grant, Miami, Wabash	58 hr
Aug 22, 9:24 AM EDT	River Flood Warning	IWX	Blackford, Huntington, Jay, Wabash, Wells	67 hr
Aug 22, 9:30 AM EDT	Areal Flood Warning	IWX	Cass, White	6 hr
Aug 22, 11:45 AM EDT	Areal Flood Warning	IWX	Blackford, Grant, Huntington, Jay, Wabash, Wells	24 hr

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in Indiana, 2014 Every flash flood warning in 2014

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.