Alert archive / Alaska / High Wind Warnings in 2013
High Wind Warning 24, NWS Anchorage, AK
NWS Anchorage, AK issued this high wind warning at Nov 13, 2013, 4:08 PM AKST. It took effect at Nov 14, 2013, 6:00 PM AKST. It was in force for 59 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Nov 13, 2013, 4:08 PM AKST (01:08 UTC)
- In effect from
- Nov 14, 2013, 6:00 PM AKST
- Expired
- Nov 14, 2013, 6:59 PM AKST
- In force
- 59 min
- Issued by
- NWS Anchorage, AK
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
847 WWAK71 PAFC 140108 NPWAER URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 408 PM AKST WED NOV 13 2013 AKZ125-141415- /X.NEW.PAFC.HW.W.0024.131114T2000Z-131115T0900Z/ WESTERN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WHITTIER...SEWARD...GIRDWOOD... MOOSE PASS 408 PM AKST WED NOV 13 2013 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM THURSDAY TO MIDNIGHT AKST THURSDAY NIGHT NEAR WHITTIER... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ANCHORAGE HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM THURSDAY TO MIDNIGHT AKST THURSDAY NIGHT. * LOCATION...NEAR WHITTIER. * WIND...WEST WIND 50 TO 65 MPH...WITH GUSTS TO 80 MPH. * TIMING...WINDS WILL INCREASE LATE THURSDAY MORNING...AND CONTINUE THROUGH THE EVENING BEFORE DIMINISHING AFTER MIDNIGHT. THE STRONGEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO BEGIN IN THE LATE AFTERNOON. * IMPACTS...TRAVEL MAY BE DIFFICULT. TREES MAY BE BLOWN OVER. LOOSE DEBRIS CAN BE MOVED AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$ KOCHEVAR
5 follow-up statements
338 WWAK71 PAFC 141331 NPWAER URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 431 AM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 AKZ125-150200- /X.CON.PAFC.HW.W.0024.131114T2000Z-131115T0900Z/ WESTERN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WHITTIER...SEWARD...GIRDWOOD... MOOSE PASS 431 AM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM THIS MORNING TO MIDNIGHT AKST TONIGHT NEAR WHITTIER... * LOCATION...NEAR WHITTIER. * WIND...WEST WIND 40 TO 55 MPH...WITH GUSTS TO 80 MPH. * TIMING...WINDS WILL INCREASE BY LATE THIS MORNING...AND CONTINUE THROUGH THE EVENING BEFORE DIMINISHING AFTER MIDNIGHT. THE STRONGEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO BEGIN IN THE LATE AFTERNOON. * IMPACTS...TRAVEL MAY BE DIFFICULT. LOOSE DEBRIS CAN BE MOVED AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$
389 WWAK71 PAFC 141551 NPWAER URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 651 AM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 AKZ125-150500- /X.EXT.PAFC.HW.W.0024.131115T0300Z-131115T0900Z/ WESTERN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WHITTIER...SEWARD...GIRDWOOD... MOOSE PASS 651 AM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 ...HIGH WIND WARNING NOW IN EFFECT FROM 6 PM THIS EVENING TO MIDNIGHT AKST TONIGHT NEAR WHITTIER... * LOCATION...NEAR WHITTIER. * WIND...WEST 35 TO 50 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 75 MPH. * TIMING...WINDS WILL INCREASE DURING THE AFTERNOON AND THEN PEAK DURING THE EVENING HOURS BEFORE DIMINISHING AFTER MIDNIGHT. * IMPACTS...TRAVEL MAY BE DIFFICULT. LOOSE DEBRIS CAN BE MOVED AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$
547 WWAK71 PAFC 150055 NPWAER URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 355 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 AKZ125-150900- /X.CON.PAFC.HW.W.0024.131115T0300Z-131115T0900Z/ WESTERN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WHITTIER...SEWARD...GIRDWOOD... MOOSE PASS 355 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT AKST TONIGHT NEAR WHITTIER... * LOCATION...NEAR WHITTIER. * WIND...WEST 35 TO 55 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 75 MPH. * TIMING...WINDS WILL INCREASE DURING THE EARLY EVENING AND THEN PEAK DURING THE LATE EVENING HOURS BEFORE DIMINISHING AFTER MIDNIGHT. * IMPACTS...TRAVEL MAY BE DIFFICULT. LOOSE DEBRIS CAN BE MOVED AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$
753 WWAK71 PAFC 150115 NPWAER URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 415 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 AKZ125-150900- /X.CON.PAFC.HW.W.0024.131115T0300Z-131115T0900Z/ WESTERN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WHITTIER...SEWARD...GIRDWOOD... MOOSE PASS 415 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT AKST TONIGHT NEAR WHITTIER... * LOCATION...NEAR WHITTIER. * WIND...WEST 35 TO 55 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 75 MPH. * TIMING...WINDS WILL INCREASE DURING THE EARLY EVENING AND THEN PEAK DURING THE LATE EVENING HOURS BEFORE DIMINISHING AFTER MIDNIGHT. * IMPACTS...TRAVEL MAY BE DIFFICULT. LOOSE DEBRIS CAN BE MOVED AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$ AKZ101-150400- /X.NEW.PAFC.FG.Y.0016.131115T0115Z-131115T0400Z/ ANCHORAGE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...ANCHORAGE...EAGLE RIVER...INDIAN... EKLUTNA 415 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 ...DENSE FOG ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM AKST THIS EVENING... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ANCHORAGE HAS ISSUED A DENSE FOG ADVISORY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM AKST THIS EVENING. * VISIBILITY...ONE QUARTER MILE OR LESS AT TIMES * TIMING...DENSE FOG WILL DISSIPATE RAPIDLY DURING THE EVENING HOURS. * IMPACTS...VERY LOW VISIBILITIES CAN CAUSE VERY DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A DENSE FOG ADVISORY MEANS VISIBILITIES WILL FREQUENTLY BE REDUCED TO LESS THAN ONE QUARTER MILE. IF DRIVING...SLOW DOWN... USE YOUR HEADLIGHTS...AND LEAVE PLENTY OF DISTANCE AHEAD OF YOU. && $$ AKZ111-150400- /X.NEW.PAFC.FG.Y.0016.131115T0115Z-131115T0400Z/ MATANUSKA VALLEY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...PALMER...WASILLA...SUTTON...CHICKALOON 415 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 ...DENSE FOG ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM AKST THIS EVENING... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ANCHORAGE HAS ISSUED A DENSE FOG ADVISORY...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM AKST THIS EVENING. * VISIBILITY...ONE QUARTER MILE OR LESS AT TIMES * TIMING...DENSE FOG WILL DISSIPATE RAPIDLY DURING THE EVENING HOURS. * IMPACTS...VERY LOW VISIBILITIES CAN CAUSE VERY DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A DENSE FOG ADVISORY MEANS VISIBILITIES WILL FREQUENTLY BE REDUCED TO LESS THAN ONE QUARTER MILE. IF DRIVING...SLOW DOWN... USE YOUR HEADLIGHTS...AND LEAVE PLENTY OF DISTANCE AHEAD OF YOU. && $$
144 WWAK71 PAFC 150359 NPWAER URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 659 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 AKZ125-150500- /X.CAN.PAFC.HW.W.0024.000000T0000Z-131115T0900Z/ WESTERN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WHITTIER...SEWARD...GIRDWOOD... MOOSE PASS 659 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IS CANCELLED NEAR WHITTIER... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ANCHORAGE HAS CANCELLED THE HIGH WIND WARNING. WARNING-LEVEL WINDS ARE NO LONGER EXPECTED NEAR WHITTIER. $$ AKZ111-150500- /X.EXP.PAFC.FG.Y.0016.000000T0000Z-131115T0400Z/ MATANUSKA VALLEY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...PALMER...WASILLA...SUTTON...CHICKALOON 659 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 ...DENSE FOG ADVISORY HAS EXPIRED... AREAS OF FOG WILL CONTINUE TO LOCALLY REDUCE VISIBILITY UNDER A MILE OVER THE NEXT FEW HOURS BEFORE ALL FOG DISSIPATES BY LATE THIS EVENING. $$ AKZ101-150600- /X.EXT.PAFC.FG.Y.0016.000000T0000Z-131115T0600Z/ ANCHORAGE- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...ANCHORAGE...EAGLE RIVER...INDIAN... EKLUTNA 659 PM AKST THU NOV 14 2013 ...DENSE FOG ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM AKST THIS EVENING... * VISIBILITY...ONE QUARTER MILE OR LESS AT TIMES * TIMING...DENSE FOG WILL DISSIPATE DURING THE EVENING HOURS. * IMPACTS...VERY LOW VISIBILITIES CAN CAUSE VERY DIFFICULT DRIVING CONDITIONS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A DENSE FOG ADVISORY MEANS VISIBILITIES WILL FREQUENTLY BE REDUCED TO LESS THAN ONE QUARTER MILE. IF DRIVING...SLOW DOWN... USE YOUR HEADLIGHTS...AND LEAVE PLENTY OF DISTANCE AHEAD OF YOU. && $$
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this high wind warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Anchorage, AK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this high wind warning went out at Nov 13, 1:00 PM AKST, 3 hours 8 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Nov 13, 1:00 PM AKST, 3 hours 8 minutes before
SOUTHCENTRAL AND SOUTHWEST ALASKA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 100 PM AKST WED NOV 13 2013 .ANALYSIS AND UPPER LEVELS...THE HIGH AMPLITUDE RIDGE CENTERED OVER THE NORTH CENTRAL PACIFIC HAS BECOME POSITIVELY TILTED WITH THE RIDGE AXIS NOW EXTENDING NORTHEASTWARD TO THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA. VERY WARM AND MOIST TROPICAL AIR CONTINUES TO SURGE UP THE WEST SIDE OF THE RIDGE ACROSS THE BERING SEA TO MAINLAND ALASKA. WIDESPREAD STRATUS AND FOG IS BEING OBSERVED FROM THE ALEUTIANS TO SOUTHWEST ALASKA. THE WARM FRONT IS MAKING ITS WAY FROM SOUTHWEST ALASKA INTO SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA THIS MORNING. SURFACE TEMPERATURES HAVE RISEN ABOVE FREEZING ACROSS MOST OF SOUTHWEST ALASKA SO ANY PRECIP THAT IS FALLING IS IN THE FORM OF RAIN. TEMPERATURES HAVE BEGUN A VERY SLOW AND GRADUAL RISE OVER SOUTHCENTRAL. THE BULK OF MOISTURE WITH THE WARM FRONT HAS SHIFTED NORTHWARD INTO INTERIOR ALASKA OR IS GETTING HUNG UP ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE ALASKA RANGE. THEREFORE...SOUTHCENTRAL IS DRY AT THE MOMENT. .MODEL DISCUSSION...MODELS ARE NOW IN PRETTY GOOD AGREEMENT WITH HANDLING OF WARM FRONT MOVING THROUGH SOUTHCENTRAL TODAY FOLLOWED BY THE COLD FRONT ON THURSDAY. THE FORECAST CHALLENGE CONTINUES TO BE QPF AND PRECIP-TYPE WITH GENERALLY WEAK VERTICAL MOTION AS THE VARIOUS FEATURES MOVE THROUGH. THERE IS MUCH GREATER UNCERTAINTY IN TRACK OF THE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM OVER THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC AS IT MOVES ACROSS THE BERING SEA TONIGHT AND THURSDAY TO SOUTHWEST ALASKA THURSDAY NIGHT AND FRIDAY. EACH MODEL IS QUITE A LITTLE DIFFERENT AND RUN-TO-RUN CONSISTENCY IS NOT VERY GOOD. FOR NOW WILL USE AN AVERAGE POSITION OF THE 12Z RUNS. THERE WILL NO DOUBT BE PRECIPITATION TYPE ISSUES AS THIS SYSTEM ARRIVES IN SOUTHWEST ALASKA...BUT THERE IS TOO MUCH UNCERTAINTY IN TIMING TO CONSIDER ISSUING ANY ADVISORIES AT THIS TIME. .SHORT TERM FORECAST... SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA...THERE WILL BE A QUICK TRANSITION FROM COLD TO WARM TO COLD DURING THE NEXT 18 TO 24 HOURS. THE MELTING AND FREEZING THAT GO ALONG WITH IT WILL CAUSE ICY AND SLIPPERY CONDITIONS ACROSS MUCH OF THE REGION. THE WORST CONDITIONS WILL BE FROM ANCHORAGE TO THE SOUTHERN SUSITNA VALLEY WHERE FREEZING RAIN ADVISORIES ARE IN EFFECT FOR LATER TODAY/TONIGHT THROUGH TOMORROW MORNING. THE BEST CHANCE OF ACCUMULATING ICE WILL BE FROM THE MATANUSKA VALLEY TO THE SOUTHERN SUSITNA VALLEY WHERE TEMPERATURES WILL BE SLOWEST TO WARM TO FREEZING OR ABOVE AND WHERE PRECIPITATION IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP FIRST. CONDITIONS ARE DRY RIGHT NOW...BUT AS THE WARM FRONT CONTINUES INTO SOUTHCENTRAL EXPECT LOWERING CEILINGS AND SOME VERY LIGHT OVER-RUNNING PRECIP TO DEVELOP. WESTERLY FLOW ACROSS THE ALASKA RANGE WILL ALSO INCREASE WHICH IN TURN WILL INDUCE A LEE SIDE TROUGH OVER COOK INLET. THIS WILL RESULT IN INCREASING SOUTHERLY WINDS WILL WILL PROVIDE UPSLOPE FLOW INTO THE MAT-SU TO AID IN GENERATING PRECIP AND IN TRANSPORTING WARMER AIR NORTHWARD. FOR THE ANCHORAGE AREA...DON'T EXPECT PRECIP TO DEVELOP UNTIL THE OVERNIGHT TO EARLY MORNING HOURS AS COLD FRONT APPROACHES FROM THE NORTH AND WEST AND AN UPPER LEVEL TROUGH CURRENTLY OVER THE ARCTIC BEGINS TO DIVE SOUTHEASTWARD ACROSS THE STATE. BY THE TIME PRECIP BEGINS IN ANCHORAGE MANY PARTS OF THE CITY WILL BE ABOVE FREEZING. HOWEVER...RAIN FALLING ON TO SNOW AND ICE COVERED SURFACES CAN CAUSE THE SAME IMPACT AS FREEZING RAIN. SO THE BOTTOM LINE IS ITS LOOKING LIKE A MESSY COMMUTE TOMORROW MORNING FROM ANCHORAGE TO THE MAT-SU. OTHER AREAS OF SOUTHCENTRAL WILL SEE A BRIEF PERIOD OF PRECIP...BUT DON'T EXPECT NEARLY THE IMPACT AS ANCHORAGE AND THE MAT-SU. THE COLD FRONT WILL THEN RAPIDLY CROSS SOUTHCENTRAL ON THURSDAY CAUSING TEMPERATURES TO FALL AND ANY LIQUID WATER TO RE-FREEZE. THE PASSAGE OF THE UPPER TROUGH AND ARRIVAL OF A VERY STRONG UPPER LEVEL JET WILL PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR STRONG WINDS ACROSS PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND AND THE GULF. THE WEST TO NORTHWEST FLOW IS VERY FAVORABLE FOR HIGH WINDS IN WHITTIER...SO PLAN TO ISSUE A HIGH WIND WARNING WITH THE AFTERNOON FORECAST PACKAGE. TEMPERATURES WILL REMAIN COLD AS WE HEAD INTO THE WEEKEND. THERE IS HIGH UNCERTAINTY AS TO WHETHER ANY PRECIP FROM THE NEXT SYSTEM CROSSING THE BERING SEA WILL SURVIVE BY THE TIME IT REACHES SOUTHCENTRAL SOMETIME FRIDAY NIGHT OR SATURDAY. IF SO...THERE COULD BE A BRIEF PERIOD OF LIGHT SNOW. SOUTHWEST ALASKA...WIDESPREAD FOG (DENSE IN MANY AREAS) WILL PERSIST OVER SOUTHWEST ALASKA UNTIL THE COLD FRONT PUSHES SOUTHWARD LATE TONIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY. THE FRONT WILL STALL AS IT GETS TO BRISTOL BAY THURSDAY AFTERNOON SO MOST OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA WILL REMAIN IN THE WARM AND JUICY AIRMASS. WARM AIR WILL THEN BEGIN TO ADVECT BACK NORTHWARD THURSDAY NIGHT AND FRIDAY. THERE IS LARGE UNCERTAINTY IN WHEN PRECIP WILL MOVE BACK IN...BUT AS IT DOES THERE WILL BE A VARIETY OF PRECIP-TYPES ACROSS THE REGION WITH PLAIN RAIN IN THE SOUTH TRANSITIONING TO FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW AS YOU HEAD NORTHWARD. THERE IS BETTER AGREEMENT THAT THIS NEXT SYSTEM CROSSING THE BERING WILL EXIT SOUTHWEST ALASKA THIS WEEKEND WITH MUCH COLDER AND DRIER AIR DROPPING DOWN OUT OF THE ARCTIC. BERING SEA/ALEUTIANS...WARM AND MOIST CONDITIONS WILL PERSIST THROUGH FRIDAY. A TROUGH DROPPING OUT OF THE ARCTIC WILL THEN LEAD TO A PATTERN CHANGE AS ARCTIC AIR SPILLS SOUTHWARD ACROSS THE BERING SEA THIS WEEKEND. .LONG TERM FORECAST...MEDIUM RANGE MODELS ARE TRENDING TOWARD A DRAMATIC CHANGE IN WEATHER ACROSS THE ALASKA REGION WITH A HIGH AMPLITUDE RIDGE OVER THE WESTERN BERING AND TROUGH OVER MAINLAND ALASKA ALLOWING MUCH COLDER AIR TO SETTLE IN. MODELS STILL INDICATE A LOW SETTING UP IN THE GULF...BUT DISAGREE ON THE STRENGTH AND POSITION. IT IS LOOKING FAVORABLE FOR SOUTHCENTRAL TO SEE SOME SNOW DURING THE EARLY TO MIDDLE PART OF NEXT WEEK. .AER/ALU...WATCH/WARNING SUMMARY PUBLIC...FREEZING RAIN ADVISORY 101 111 145. MARINE...GALE WARNING...119 120 121 125 129 130 131 177 178 181 185. FIRE WEATHER...NONE. SEB NOV 13
The office that day
Everything else NWS Anchorage, AK issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 13, 4:00 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 60 hr | |
| Nov 13, 4:00 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 12 hr | |
| Nov 13, 4:00 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 8 days | |
| Nov 13, 4:00 PM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 3 days | |
| Nov 14, 4:00 AM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 12 hr | |
| Nov 14, 4:00 AM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 5 days | |
| Nov 14, 4:00 AM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 12 hr | |
| Nov 14, 6:40 AM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 21 hr |
Nearby
High Wind Warnings in Alaska, 2013Every high wind warning in 2013
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.