Alert archive / Alaska / Gale Warnings in 2013

Gale Warning 627, NWS Anchorage, AK

October 6, 2013

NWS Anchorage, AK issued this gale warning at Oct 6, 2013, 4:00 PM AKDT. It was in force for 3 days. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Oct 6, 2013, 4:00 PM AKDT (00:00 UTC)
Expired
Oct 9, 2013, 4:00 PM AKDT
In force
3 days
Issued by
NWS Anchorage, AK

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

448 
FZAK62 PAFC 062311
OFFALU

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
400 PM AKDT SUN OCT 6 2013

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST FOR THE BERING SEA

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST
ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ499-071500-
400 PM AKDT SUN OCT 6 2013
.SYNOPSIS FOR CENTRAL BERING SEA...

A 985 MB LOW NEAR 61N 179W WILL DISSIPATE NEAR 58N 174W MON EVENING. 
A DEVELOPING PACIFIC LOW WILL MOVE NEAR 53N 168W MON AFTERNOON 
AT 986 MB...THEN STRENGTHEN TO 967 MB AS IT MOVES INLAND ACROSS 
THE KUSKOKWIM DELTA MON NIGHT.

$$

PKZ411-071500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE WEST OF 180 AND EAST OF THE INTERNATIONAL
DATELINE
400 PM AKDT SUN OCT 6 2013

...GALE WARNING MONDAY AND MONDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 10 FT. RAIN SHOWERS. 
.MON...NW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT. RAIN SHOWERS. 
.MON NIGHT...NW WIND 25 TO 35 KT BECOMING W AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 11
FT. 
.TUE...SW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.TUE NIGHT...SW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.WED...W WIND 35 KT. SEAS 16 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 10 FT. 
.FRI...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT.  

$$

PKZ412-071500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND NORTH OF 56N
400 PM AKDT SUN OCT 6 2013

...GALE WARNING MONDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...SW WIND 15 TO 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.MON...W WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 10 FT. 
.MON NIGHT...NW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.TUE...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.TUE NIGHT...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.WED...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.THU...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.FRI...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 9 FT.  

$$

PKZ413-071500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND SOUTH OF 56N
400 PM AKDT SUN OCT 6 2013

...GALE WARNING MONDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...SW WIND 25 KT BECOMING NW 15 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 12
FT. 
.MON...NW WIND 20 KT INCREASING TO 30 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS
8 FT. 
.MON NIGHT...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.TUE...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.TUE NIGHT...SW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.WED...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.FRI...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$

PKZ414-071500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE EAST OF 171W
400 PM AKDT SUN OCT 6 2013

...GALE WARNING MONDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...SW WIND 15 TO 25 KT. SEAS 13 FT. PATCHY FOG. RAIN.
.MON...S WIND 15 TO 25 KT BECOMING SE WIND 20 TO 30 KT IN THE
AFTERNOON. SEAS 9 FT. PATCHY FOG. RAIN.
.MON NIGHT...SE THROUGH NW WIND 25 TO 35 KT BECOMING W AFTER
MIDNIGHT. SEAS 15 FT. RAIN.
.TUE...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.TUE NIGHT...SW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.WED...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.THU...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.FRI...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT.  

$$
6 follow-up statements
804 
FZAK62 PAFC 071149
OFFALU

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
400 AM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST FOR THE BERING SEA

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST
ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ499-080300-
400 AM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013
.SYNOPSIS FOR CENTRAL BERING SEA...

A 988 MB LOW NEAR 60N 179W THIS MORNING WILL MOVE TO 59N 176W MON
AFTERNOON AND DISSIPATE MON NIGHT. A DEVELOPING PACIFIC LOW WILL
TRACK TO NEAR 54N 168W MON AFTERNOON AT 982 MB AND STRENGTHENS TO 967
MB MON NIGHT AS IT MOVES ONSHORE ACROSS THE KUSKOKWIM DELTA. A 981 MB
LOW TRACKS TO 55N 172E EARLY WED MORNING. 

$$

PKZ411-080300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE WEST OF 180 AND EAST OF THE INTERNATIONAL
DATELINE
400 AM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

...GALE WARNING TODAY AND TUESDAY...

.TODAY...NW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 9 TO 13 FT. RAIN SHOWERS. 
.TONIGHT...NW WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 9 TO 13 FT. 
.TUE...SW WIND 20 KT BECOMING 35 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS 9 TO 13
FT. RAIN.
.TUE NIGHT...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.WED...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 17 FT. 
.THU...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT.  

$$

PKZ412-080300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND NORTH OF 56N
400 AM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

...GALE WARNING TONIGHT...

.TODAY...W WIND 20 KT BECOMING NW 20 TO 30 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS
9 FT.
.TONIGHT...NW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 10 TO 14 FT. 
.TUE...W WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.TUE NIGHT...S WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.WED...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 10 FT.  

$$

PKZ413-080300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND SOUTH OF 56N
400 AM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

...GALE WARNING TONIGHT AND TUESDAY...

.TODAY...NW TO S WIND 20 KT BECOMING NW 20 TO 30 KT IN THE AFTERNOON.
SEAS 9 FT. 
.TONIGHT...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT BUILDING TO 15 FT. 
.TUE...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.TUE NIGHT AND WED...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 16 FT. 
.THU...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.FRI...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$

PKZ414-080300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE EAST OF 171W
400 AM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH TUESDAY...

.TODAY...S WIND 20 KT BECOMING SE 35 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. W OF
167W...S WIND 20 KT BECOMING NW IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS 9 FT.
PATCHY FOG. RAIN.
.TONIGHT...SE WIND 45 KT BECOMING W 40 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. W OF
167W...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. RAIN.
.TUE...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.TUE NIGHT...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.WED...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.FRI...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 9 FT.  

$$
872 
FZAK62 PAFC 072307
OFFALU

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
400 PM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST FOR THE BERING SEA

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST
ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ499-081500-
400 PM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013
.SYNOPSIS FOR CENTRAL BERING SEA...

A 975 MB LOW NEAR 56N 165W WILL MOVE INLAND NEAR 60N 164W AT
967 MB LATE TONIGHT AND THEN WEAKEN AS IT MOVES INLAND ON
TUE. A COMPLEX LOW OVER THE SEA OF OKHOTSK WILL MOVE TO 55N 164E AT
977 MB TUE AFTERNOON...THEN TRACK TO NEAR 58N 178W AT 982 MB WED
AFTERNOON.

$$

PKZ411-081500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE WEST OF 180 AND EAST OF THE INTERNATIONAL
DATELINE
400 PM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NW WIND 25 TO 35 KT BECOMING SW 20 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. 
SEAS 12 FT. 
.TUE...S WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT. PATCHY FOG. 
.TUE NIGHT...S WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. PATCHY FOG. RAIN.
.WED...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 17 FT. 
.WED NIGHT...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.SAT...SW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 

$$

PKZ412-081500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND NORTH OF 56N
400 PM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

...GALE WARNING TONIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.TUE...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. RAIN.
.TUE NIGHT...SW WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. RAIN.
.WED...S WIND 20 TO 30 KT BECOMING SW IN THE AFTERNOON.
SEAS 13 FT. 
.WED NIGHT...W WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 10 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$

PKZ413-081500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND SOUTH OF 56N
400 PM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.TUE...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. RAIN.
.TUE NIGHT...SW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. RAIN.
.WED...SW WIND 30 TO 40 KT. SEAS 16 FT. 
.WED NIGHT...W WIND 35 KT. SEAS 17 FT. 
.THU...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.FRI...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SAT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT.  

$$

PKZ414-081500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE EAST OF 171W
400 PM AKDT MON OCT 7 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...SW TO NW WIND 35 KT BECOMING W BY MIDNIGHT. SEAS 13 FT.
RAIN.
.TUE...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.TUE NIGHT...W WIND 35 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.WED AND WED NIGHT...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.FRI...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT.  

$$
143 
FZAK62 PAFC 081133
OFFALU

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
400 AM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST FOR THE BERING SEA

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST
ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ499-090300-
400 AM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013
.SYNOPSIS FOR CENTRAL BERING SEA...

A 965 MB LOW CENTERED AT 61N 164W HAS MOVED INLAND INTO THE 
KUSKOKWIM DELTA THIS MORNING. THIS LOW WILL WEAKEN AS IT CONTINUES TO
MOVE INLAND THROUGH TUE. A LOW MOVES TO 55N 174E AT 983 MB WED
MORNING AND TRACKS TO 61N 174W AT 984 MB THU MORNING...THEN MOVES TO 
62N 170W AT 983 MB FRI MORNING.

$$

PKZ411-090300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE WEST OF 180 AND EAST OF THE INTERNATIONAL
DATELINE
400 AM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY...

.TODAY...S WIND 20 TO 35 KT. SEAS 9 TO 13 FT. RAIN.
.TONIGHT...S WIND 20 TO 35 KT. SEAS 11 TO 16 FT. RAIN. 
.WED...SW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 12 TO 17 FT. 
.WED NIGHT AND THU...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 16 FT. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$

PKZ412-090300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND NORTH OF 56N
400 AM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

.TODAY...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.TONIGHT...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. RAIN.
.WED...SW WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT. RAIN.
.WED NIGHT AND THU...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.FRI...NE WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.SAT...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$

PKZ413-090300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND SOUTH OF 56N
400 AM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY...

.TODAY...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 11 TO 16 FT. 
.TONIGHT...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. RAIN.
.WED...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 17 FT. RAIN.
.WED NIGHT...W WIND 35 KT. SEAS 17 FT. 
.THU...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 16 FT. 
.FRI...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 16 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT.  

$$

PKZ414-090300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE EAST OF 171W
400 AM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY...

.TODAY...W WIND 30 TO 40 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.TONIGHT...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 9 TO 14 FT. RAIN.
.WED...S WIND 35 KT. SEAS 11 TO 15 FT. RAIN.
.WED NIGHT...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.FRI...E WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT.  

$$
394 
FZAK62 PAFC 082342
OFFALU

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
400 PM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST FOR THE BERING SEA

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST
ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ499-091500-
400 PM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013
.SYNOPSIS FOR CENTRAL BERING SEA...
A 976 MB LOW NEAR 56N 166E WILL BECOME A COMPLEX LOW AS IT ENTERS 
THE WESTERN BERING WED MORNING...THEN TRACK TO NEAR 63N 171W THU
AFTERNOON AT 985 MB. ANOTHER LOW WILL FORM EAST OF KAMCHATKA THU
MORNING AND MOVE TO 55N 171E THU AFTERNOON AT 992 MB.
$$

PKZ411-091500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE WEST OF 180 AND EAST OF THE INTERNATIONAL
DATELINE
400 PM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY...

.TONIGHT...S WIND 30 TO 40 KT. SEAS 16 FT. RAIN.
.WED...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 17 FT. RAIN.
.WED NIGHT...W WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 16 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...S WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.FRI...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SUN...SE WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT.  

$$

PKZ412-091500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND NORTH OF 56N
400 PM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY...

.TONIGHT...S WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 12 FT. RAIN.
.WED...S WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. RAIN.
.WED NIGHT...W WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 15 FT. RAIN.
.THU...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.FRI...NE WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. 
.SAT...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SUN...SE WIND 25 KT. SEAS 13 FT.  

$$

PKZ413-091500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND SOUTH OF 56N
400 PM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...SW WIND 30 TO 40 KT. SEAS 14 FT. RAIN.
.WED...S TO W WIND 30 TO 40 KT. SEAS 18 FT. RAIN.
.WED NIGHT...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 18 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.FRI...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.SUN...S WIND 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT.  

$$

PKZ414-091500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE EAST OF 171W
400 PM AKDT TUE OCT 8 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT BECOMING S TOWARD MORNING. 
SEAS 14 FT. RAIN.
.WED...S WIND 40 KT. SEAS 15 FT. RAIN.
.WED NIGHT...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 16 FT. RAIN.
.THU...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.FRI...E WIND 30 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.SUN...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT.  

$$
112 
FZAK62 PAFC 091123
OFFALU

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
400 AM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST FOR THE BERING SEA

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST
ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ499-100300-
400 AM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013
.SYNOPSIS FOR CENTRAL BERING SEA...

A 982 MB LOW NEAR 56N 180E THIS MORNING MOVES TO 61N 173W AT 983 MB 
THU MORNING...THEN TRACKS TO 64N 19W AT 989 MB FRI MORNING. A
LOW MOVES NEAR 54N 174E AT 989 MB FRI MORNING.

$$

PKZ411-100300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE WEST OF 180 AND EAST OF THE INTERNATIONAL
DATELINE
400 AM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

...GALE WARNING TODAY...

.TODAY...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 12 TO 17 FT. 
.TONIGHT...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 16 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 15 TO 25 KT. SEAS 9 TO 13 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 10 FT. 
.FRI AND SAT...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SUN...E WIND 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT.  

$$

PKZ412-100300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND NORTH OF 56N
400 AM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

...GALE WARNING TODAY...

.TODAY...S WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. RAIN SHOWERS. 
.TONIGHT...SW WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 12 TO 16 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 TO 15 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.FRI...NE WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SUN...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT.  

$$

PKZ413-100300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND SOUTH OF 56N
400 AM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH TONIGHT...

.TODAY...SW WIND 30 TO 40 KT. SEAS 13 TO 18 FT. RAIN SHOWERS. 
.TONIGHT...W WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 13 TO 18 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 11 TO 15 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.SUN...S WIND 25 KT. SEAS 10 FT.  

$$

PKZ414-100300-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE EAST OF 171W
400 AM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

...GALE WARNING THROUGH TONIGHT...

.TODAY...S WIND 30 TO 40 KT. SEAS 11 TO 15 FT. RAIN.
.TONIGHT...S WIND 30 TO 40 KT. SEAS 12 TO 16 FT. RAIN.
.THU...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.FRI...E WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SUN...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$
881 
FZAK62 PAFC 092353
OFFALU

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
400 PM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

OFFSHORE WATERS FORECAST FOR THE BERING SEA

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST
ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ499-101500-
400 PM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013
.SYNOPSIS FOR CENTRAL BERING SEA...
A 981 MB COMPLEX LOW NEAR 61N 179W WILL MOVE TO 62N 173W AT 983 MB 
LATE THU MORNING...THEN SLOWLY WEAKEN AND BECOME ABSORBED BY A NORTH
PACIFIC LOW BY FRI AFTERNOON. A 1002 MB LOW NEAR 44N 177E THU
AFTERNOON WILL MOVE NEAR 54N 163W AT 989 MB BY FRI AFTERNOON.

$$

PKZ411-101500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE WEST OF 180 AND EAST OF THE INTERNATIONAL
DATELINE
400 PM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

.TONIGHT...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 15 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 20 KT. SEAS 8 FT. RAIN.
.FRI...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 10 FT. 
.FRI NIGHT AND SAT...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.SUN...E WIND 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.MON...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT.  

$$

PKZ412-101500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND NORTH OF 56N
400 PM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

.TONIGHT...W WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT. RAIN.
.THU...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.FRI...E WIND 15 KT. SEAS 8 FT. 
.FRI NIGHT...NE WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SAT...N WIND 35 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.SUN...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.MON...NE WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT.  

$$

PKZ413-101500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE 171W TO 180 AND SOUTH OF 56N
400 PM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

...GALE WARNING TONIGHT...

.TONIGHT...W WIND 30 TO 40 KT. SEAS 13 TO 18 FT. 
.THU...W WIND 20 TO 30 KT. SEAS 14 FT. 
.THU NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 20 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.FRI...W WIND 15 KT. SEAS 8 FT. 
.FRI NIGHT...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.SUN...S WIND 25 KT. SEAS 10 FT. 
.MON...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$

PKZ414-101500-
BERING SEA OFFSHORE EAST OF 171W
400 PM AKDT WED OCT 9 2013

...GALE WARNING TONIGHT...

.TONIGHT...SW WIND 25 TO 35 KT. SEAS 15 FT. PATCHY FOG. RAIN.
.THU...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT. PATCHY FOG. RAIN.
.THU NIGHT...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT. PATCHY FOG.
.FRI...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.FRI NIGHT...NE WIND 25 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SUN...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.MON...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 8 FT.  

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this gale warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Anchorage, AK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this gale warning went out at Oct 6, 1:30 PM AKDT, 2 hours 30 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Oct 6, 1:30 PM AKDT, 2 hours 30 minutes before
SOUTHCENTRAL AND SOUTHWEST ALASKA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
130 PM AKDT SUN OCT 6 2013

.ANALYSIS AND UPPER LEVELS...A LARGE UPPER LEVEL LOW IS ANCHORED
OVER THE NORTHERN BERING SEA WITH A ZONAL SUB-TROPICAL JET TO THE
SOUTH STREAMING ACROSS THE SOUTHERN BERING SEA. A SERIES OF FAIRLY
WEAK SHORT-WAVES ARE LIFTING NORTHEASTWARD UP THE EAST SIDE OF THE
LOW PRODUCING AREAS OF RAIN (OR SHOWERS) ACROSS SOUTHWEST AND
SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA. MEANWHILE...THE FOCUS OF THE SHORT-TERM
WEATHER IS A STRONG SHORT-WAVE DIGGING SOUTHEASTWARD ACROSS THE
NORTHWEST PACIFIC. THIS WILL CREATE FAVORABLE CONDITIONS FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF A MAJOR AUTUMN STORM WHICH WILL IMPACT MAINLAND
ALASKA EARLY THIS WEEK.

.MODEL DISCUSSION...THERE CONTINUES TO MODEL DIFFERENCES IN THE
EXACT TRACK AND STRENGTH OF THE DEVELOPING SURFACE LOW MONDAY
THROUGH TUESDAY. HOWEVER...THE SPREAD IN SOLUTIONS IS NARROWING
AS WE GET CLOSER IN TIME AND THERE HAS BEEN A DEFINITE TREND
TOWARD A DEEPER/STRONGER SOLUTION. THUS...WILL CONTINUE THE TREND
OF STRENGTHENING FORECAST WINDS. AS FAR AS TRACK...THE ECMWF
PROVIDES A NICE MIDDLE GROUND AMONG THE VARIOUS MODELS.

.SHORT TERM FORECAST...RAIN WILL TAPER OFF OVER MOST OF THE SOUTHERN
MAINLAND TONIGHT AS THE PRIMARY UPPER LEVEL WAVES EXIT TO THE NORTH.
MEANWHILE...THE DIGGING NORTHWEST PACIFIC TROUGH WILL CAUSE
AMPLIFICATION OF THE DOWNSTREAM RIDGE AND STRENGTHENING OF THE
SUBTROPICAL JET...LEADING TO CYCLOGENESIS OVER THE NORTH-CENTRAL
PACIFIC. THIS DEVELOPING SYSTEM WILL TAP INTO TROPICAL MOISTURE
WHICH WILL BE RAPIDLY TRANSPORTED NORTHWARD TOWARD ALASKA. WHILE
THERE ARE ENOUGH INGREDIENTS IN PLACE TO DEVELOP A MODERATE STRENGTH
LOW...THE REAL KEY HERE IS A SECONDARY SHORT-WAVE DROPPING DOWN OUT
OF RUSSIA WHICH WILL PHASE WITH THE FIRST TROUGH EARLY MONDAY MORNING
LEADING TO MORE SIGNIFICANT INTENSIFICATION OF THE SURFACE LOW MONDAY
THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT.

ALTHOUGH THERE IS UNCERTAINTY IN THE EXACT TRACK AND STRENGTH OF
THIS LOW...THERE IS HIGH CONFIDENCE THAT THIS WILL BE A MAJOR EARLY
SEASON STORM IMPACTING ALL OF THE SOUTHERN MAINLAND OF ALASKA. THE
MORE GENERAL IMPACTS WILL BE WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAIN AND STRONG WINDS.
THE STORM WILL MOVE AT A GOOD CLIP WHICH MEANS THE DURATION OF HEAVY
RAIN AND STRONG WINDS IN ANY ONE SPOT WILL TEND TO BE ON THE SHORT
SIDE. BASED ON THIS...THE THREAT OF FLOODING ALONG RIVERS AND
STREAMS LOOKS TO BE MINIMAL. FOCUSING IN ON MORE SPECIFIC THREATS
WHICH ARE LIKELY WITH THIS SYSTEM...

THE GENERAL LOW TRACK IS VERY FAVORABLE FOR HIGH WINDS ALONG WEST
TURNAGAIN ARM AND HIGHER ELEVATIONS AND FORECAST CONFIDENCE IS HIGH
FOR THESE AREAS. THE MORE DIFFICULT FORECAST IS DETERMINING HOW MUCH
WIND WILL GET INTO LOWER ELEVATIONS OF ANCHORAGE. ONE ASPECT OF THIS
STORM WHICH LOOKS FAVORABLE FOR TURNAGAIN ARM WINDS BENDING INTO
ANCHORAGE IS THE SURFACE LOW CROSSING THE 60 DEGREES NORTH LATITUDE
LINE AROUND OR PRIOR TO PASSAGE OF THE OCCLUDED FRONT THROUGH
ANCHORAGE. A SLIGHT CHANGE IN THIS TIMING COULD RESULT IN MUCH WEAKER
WINDS. THE OTHER MAIN ASPECT TO CONSIDER FOR WINDSTORMS IS STABILITY.
IN THIS CASE...THE FRONT OCCLUDES WELL BEFORE IT REACHES
ANCHORAGE...SO LOW LEVEL WARMING IS MINOR AND ANY INVERSIONS THAT
FORM WILL BE WEAK. A MORE UNSTABLE ENVIRONMENT LEADS TO MORE VERTICAL
MIXING OF WINDS...BUT ALSO WORKS AGAINST THE VERY STRONG ERRATIC
WINDS COMMON WITH MOUNTAIN WAVES. WHEN YOU CONSIDER ALL OF THIS
WOULD EXPECT THAT THE STRONGER WINDS WOULD MIX DOWN LOWER THAN A
TYPICAL HIGH WIND EVENT...PERHAPS TO THE LOWER HILLSIDE....BUT WOULD
NOT EXPECT WIDESPREAD HIGH WINDS DOWN IN THE LOWER ELEVATIONS. ONE
OTHER MAJOR FACTOR THAT MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IS THAT THIS IS
AN EARLY SEASON STORM IN WHICH THE GROUND IS NOT YET FROZEN AND
LEAVES ARE STILL ON MANY OF THE TREES...SO LOWER WINDS SPEEDS CAN
CAUSE TREES AND POWER LINES TO FALL THAN IN THE MIDDLE OF WINTER.
BOTTOM LINE...IT LOOKS LIKE ALL OF ANCHORAGE WILL EXPERIENCE SOME
STRONG WINDS MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY MORNING...BUT WILL NEED
TO WAIT UNTIL CLOSER TO THE EVENT TO NAIL DOWN EXACTLY WHAT SPEEDS
CAN BE EXPECTED. FOR NOW A HIGH WIND WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR ALL OF
THE ANCHORAGE AREA.

SHIFTING WESTWARD ANOTHER POTENTIAL IMPACT IS COASTAL FLOODING ALONG
THE KUSKOKWIM BAY. THE LOW IS EXPECTED TO MAKE LANDFALL SOMEWHERE
ALONG THE KUSKOKWIM DELTA MONDAY NIGHT WITH STRONG WESTERLIES AND
HIGH SEAS MOVING IN BEHIND THE LOW DURING THE DAY TUESDAY. STORM
SURGE GUIDANCE INDICATES MINOR FLOODING IS POSSIBLE WITH HIGH TIDE
TUESDAY AFTERNOON...BUT THIS GUIDANCE IS BASED ON THE GFS SOLUTION
WHICH IS STRONGER THAN MOST OF THE OTHER MODELS. THE EXPECTED WINDS
AND SEAS ALONG THE SOUTHWEST COAST IS ALSO HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON THE
LOW TRACK. THEREFORE...WILL NOT ISSUE ANYTHING YET AND WILL
RE-EVALUATE THE THREAT WHEN CONFIDENCE IN THE LOW TRACK INCREASES.

FINALLY...WITH THE LOW TRACKING INLAND AND PROGRESSIVE UPPER LEVELS
LEADING TO HIGH PRESSURE QUICKLY BUILDING IN BEHIND IT...EXPECT
STRONG PRESSURE RISES ACROSS SOUTHWEST ALASKA TUESDAY AFTERNOON
THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT. THESE PRESSURE RISES CONTRIBUTE TO STRONGER
WINDS EXTENDING FARTHER INLAND THAN NORMAL...ESPECIALLY ACROSS THE
KUSKOKWIM DELTA (INCLUDING BETHEL) AND BRISTOL BAY AREAS.

COINCIDENT WITH THESE STRONGER WINDS ON THE BACK SIDE...SOLDER AIR
WILL ALSO MOVE IN...POSSIBLY CHANGING ANY REMAINING PRECIPITATION
TO SNOW. ANOTHER UPPER LOW/TROUGH WILL SWING OUT OF ASIA INTO THE
BERING SEA ON TUESDAY...BUT WITH ESTABLISHMENT OF A LESS AMPLIFIED
PATTERN THIS SYSTEM WILL LIKELY BE MUCH WEAKER.

.LONG TERM FORECAST...UPPER LEVEL FLOW LOOKS LIKE IT WILL REMAIN
PROGRESSIVE SUPPORTED BY A STRONG SUBTROPICAL JET CENTERED OVER THE
NORTH PACIFIC TO SOUTHERN BERING SEA. BASED ON THIS EXPECT ACTIVE
WEATHER TO CONTINUE ACROSS THE REGION WITH TEMPERATURES REMAINING
WARM ENOUGH FOR PREDOMINANTLY RAIN FOR IN THE LOWLANDS.

.AER/ALU...WATCH/WARNING SUMMARY
PUBLIC...HIGH WIND WATCH 101.
MARINE...GALE WARNING...130 131 132 136 137 138
                        155 160 165 170 172 180.
FIRE WEATHER...NONE.

SEB OCT 13

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Oct 6, 11:15 AM AKDT, 4 hours 45 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
1115 AM AKDT SUN OCT 6 2013

AKZ101-111-121-125-131-135-141-145-152-155-161-071300-

...A POWERFUL STORM ON THE WAY...

A POWERFUL STORM IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP OVER THE NORTH PACIFIC
TONIGHT AND RAPIDLY INTENSIFY AS IT TRACKS TO THE SOUTHWEST COAST
OF ALASKA LATE MONDAY NIGHT. THERE IS SOME UNCERTAINTY IN THE
EXACT TRACK AND STRENGTH OF THIS STORM...SO IT IS TOO EARLY TO
IDENTIFY ALL OF THE DETAILED IMPACTS FROM THIS STORM. THERE IS
ENOUGH CONFIDENCE HOWEVER TO BEGIN TO HIGHLIGHT THE MOST LIKELY
IMPACTS.

WIDESPREAD STRONG WINDS AND HEAVY RAIN ARE LIKELY ACROSS MUCH OF
SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA AS THIS STORM MOVES THROUGH THE
AREA MONDAY NIGHT AND TUESDAY. THE STRONGEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED
TO OCCUR ALONG WESTERN TURNAGAIN ARM AND HIGHER ELEVATIONS OF
ANCHORAGE AND EAGLE RIVER. THERE IS POTENTIAL FOR SOME OF THESE
STRONGER WINDS TO MOVE INTO LOWER ELEVATIONS OF THE ANCHORAGE BOWL
ALONG WITH PORTIONS OF THE MATANUSKA VALLEY. A HIGH WIND WATCH
HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR ALL OF ANCHORAGE FOR LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY AFTERNOON TO HIGHLIGHT THIS POSSIBILITY.

THE FACT THAT THIS IS AN EARLY SEASON STORM MEANS THE IMPACT OF
HEAVY RAIN AND STRONG WINDS COULD BE GREATER THAN DURING THE MIDDLE
OF WINTER. THE GROUND IS NOT FROZEN AND THERE ARE STILL LEAVES ON
THE TREES IN MOST AREAS...WHICH COULD LEAD TO DOWNED TREES AND
POWER OUTAGES IF THESE WINDS DO OCCUR.

THE HEAVY RAIN ACCOMPANYING THIS STORM WILL CAUSE RISES ON RIVERS
AND STREAMS. PEOPLE ENGAGED IN OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES ALONG ANY RIVERS
OR STREAMS SHOULD REMAIN ALERT FOR RISING WATER LEVELS.

LASTLY...STRONG WINDS AND HIGH SEAS ON THE BACK SIDE OF THE STORM
SYSTEM HAS POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE MINOR COASTAL FLOODING IN THE
KUSKOKWIM BAY AREA. THIS PARTICULAR THREAT IS HEAVILY DEPENDENT
ON THE STORM TRACK AND WILL BE CLOSELY MONITORED AS THE STORM GETS
CLOSER.

PLEASE VISIT WWW.NWS.NOAA.GOV/ANCHORAGE FOR THE LATEST FORECASTS
AND WARNINGS ON THIS STORM.
Special weather statement, Oct 6, 11:30 AM AKDT, 4 hours 30 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK
1130 AM AKDT SUN OCT 6 2013

AKZ101-111-121-125-131-135-141-145-152-155-161-071300-

...A POWERFUL STORM ON THE WAY...

A POWERFUL STORM IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP OVER THE NORTH PACIFIC
TONIGHT AND RAPIDLY INTENSIFY AS IT TRACKS TO THE SOUTHWEST COAST
OF ALASKA LATE MONDAY NIGHT. THERE IS SOME UNCERTAINTY IN THE
EXACT TRACK AND STRENGTH OF THIS STORM...SO IT IS TOO EARLY TO
IDENTIFY ALL OF THE DETAILED IMPACTS FROM THIS STORM. THERE IS
ENOUGH CONFIDENCE HOWEVER TO BEGIN TO HIGHLIGHT THE MOST LIKELY
IMPACTS.

WIDESPREAD STRONG WINDS AND HEAVY RAIN ARE LIKELY ACROSS MUCH OF
SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA AS THIS STORM MOVES THROUGH THE
AREA MONDAY NIGHT AND TUESDAY. THE STRONGEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED
TO OCCUR ALONG WESTERN TURNAGAIN ARM AND HIGHER ELEVATIONS OF
ANCHORAGE AND EAGLE RIVER. THERE IS POTENTIAL FOR SOME OF THESE
STRONGER WINDS TO MOVE INTO LOWER ELEVATIONS OF THE ANCHORAGE BOWL
ALONG WITH PORTIONS OF THE MATANUSKA VALLEY. A HIGH WIND WATCH
HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR ALL OF ANCHORAGE FOR LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY AFTERNOON TO HIGHLIGHT THIS POSSIBILITY.

THE FACT THAT THIS IS AN EARLY SEASON STORM MEANS THE IMPACT OF
HEAVY RAIN AND STRONG WINDS COULD BE GREATER THAN DURING THE MIDDLE
OF WINTER. THE GROUND IS NOT FROZEN AND THERE ARE STILL LEAVES ON
THE TREES IN MOST AREAS...WHICH COULD LEAD TO DOWNED TREES AND
POWER OUTAGES IF THESE WINDS DO OCCUR.

THE HEAVY RAIN ACCOMPANYING THIS STORM WILL CAUSE RISES ON RIVERS
AND STREAMS. PEOPLE ENGAGED IN OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES SHOULD REMAIN
ALERT FOR RISING WATER LEVELS AND RAPIDLY DETERIORATING CONDITIONS
AS THIS STORM MOVES IN.

LASTLY...STRONG WINDS AND HIGH SEAS ON THE BACK SIDE OF THE STORM
SYSTEM HAS POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE MINOR COASTAL FLOODING IN THE
KUSKOKWIM BAY AREA. THIS PARTICULAR THREAT IS HEAVILY DEPENDENT
ON THE STORM TRACK AND WILL BE CLOSELY MONITORED AS THE STORM GETS
CLOSER.

PLEASE VISIT WWW.NWS.NOAA.GOV/ANCHORAGE FOR THE LATEST FORECASTS
AND WARNINGS ON THIS STORM.

The office that day

Everything else NWS Anchorage, AK issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Oct 6, 4:00 PM AKDTGale WarningAFC3 days
Oct 6, 4:00 PM AKDTGale WarningAFC3 days
Oct 6, 4:00 PM AKDTGale WarningAFC4 days
Oct 6, 4:00 PM AKDTSmall Craft AdvisoryAFC24 hr
Oct 6, 4:00 PM AKDTSmall Craft AdvisoryAFC24 hr
Oct 7, 4:00 AM AKDTGale WarningAFC36 hr
Oct 7, 4:00 AM AKDTGale WarningAFC36 hr
Oct 7, 4:00 AM AKDTGale WarningAFC60 hr
Oct 7, 4:00 AM AKDTSmall Craft AdvisoryAFC48 hr
Oct 7, 4:55 AM AKDTHigh Wind WarningAFC31 hr
Oct 7, 11:28 AM AKDTHigh Surf AdvisoryAFC32 hr

Nearby

Gale Warnings in Alaska, 2013Every gale warning in 2013

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.