Alert archive / Ohio / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2012

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 88, NWS Charleston, WV

July 1, 2012Jackson County, Vinton County, Ohio

NWS Charleston, WV issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 1, 2012, 6:32 PM EDT for Jackson County, Vinton County, Ohio. It was in force for 58 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Jul 1, 2012, 6:32 PM EDT (22:32 UTC)
Expired
Jul 1, 2012, 7:30 PM EDT
In force
58 min
Issued by
NWS Charleston, WV
Area
Storm-based polygon

Counties Jackson County, OH, Vinton County, OH

The radar

The Cincinnati radar (KILN), 108 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:34 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Jul 1, 4:32 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC6 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Cncnati-Daytn, OH (KILN), launched 12:00Z, 10.5 hours before the alert went out and 106 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Cncnati-Daytn, OH at 12:00Z on 2012-07-01Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 2142 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Cncnati-Daytn, OH at 12:00Z on 2012-07-01The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 78 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2142 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-87 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1001 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
36 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
78 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
113 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.7
Supercell composite
5.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

847 
WUUS51 KRLX 012232
SVRRLX
OHC079-163-012330-
/O.NEW.KRLX.SV.W.0088.120701T2232Z-120701T2330Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHARLESTON WV
ISSUED BY NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
632 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CHARLESTON HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  VINTON COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST OHIO...
  NORTHERN JACKSON COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST OHIO...

* UNTIL 730 PM EDT

* AT 630 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL...AND
  DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 28
  MILES WEST OF MCARTHUR...MOVING EAST AT 35 MPH.

* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO      
  WELLSTON...MCARTHUR...LAKE HOPE STATE PARK...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

IF YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF THIS STORM...PREPARE IMMEDIATELY FOR
DAMAGING WINDS...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...AND DEADLY CLOUD TO GROUND
LIGHTNING. PEOPLE OUTSIDE SHOULD MOVE TO A SHELTER...PREFERABLY
INSIDE A STRONG BUILDING BUT AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

PLEASE REPORT HAIL...STRONG WINDS OR WIND DAMAGE TO THE NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE BY CALLING TOLL FREE. 1-877-633-6772...WHEN YOU CAN
DO SO SAFELY.

IN ADDITION TO LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS...CONTINUOUS CLOUD TO
GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. MOVE INDOORS
IMMEDIATELY! LIGHTNING IS ONE OF NATURES NUMBER ONE KILLERS.
REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN HEAR THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE
STRUCK BY LIGHTNING.

PLEASE REPORT HAIL...STRONG WINDS OR WIND DAMAGE TO THE NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE BY CALLING TOLL FREE. 1-877-633-6772...WHEN YOU CAN
DO SO SAFELY.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM EDT
SUNDAY EVENING FOR SOUTHEAST OHIO AND CENTRAL WEST VIRGINIA.

&&

LAT...LON 3917 8277 3934 8276 3937 8274 3936 8265
      3937 8264 3937 8253 3940 8252 3938 8229
      3913 8232 3904 8243 3899 8244 3916 8279
TIME...MOT...LOC 2232Z 285DEG 30KT 3937 8296

$$
1 follow-up statement
594 
WWUS51 KRLX 012314
SVSRLX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHARLESTON WV
ISSUED BY NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
714 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

OHC079-163-012330-
/O.CON.KRLX.SV.W.0088.000000T0000Z-120701T2330Z/
VINTON OH-JACKSON OH-
714 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 730 PM EDT
FOR JACKSON AND VINTON COUNTIES...

AT 713 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN
EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR MCARTHUR...MOVING EAST
AT 25 MPH.

* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO  
  WELLSTON...           MCARTHUR...          
  LAKE HOPE STATE PARK...

IN ADDITION TO DAMAGING WINDS...CONTINUOUS CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING 
IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. MOVE INDOORS IMMEDIATELY! LIGHTNING IS 
ONE OF NATURES NUMBER ONE KILLERS. REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN HEAR 
THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE STRUCK BY LIGHTNING.

PLEASE REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BY
CALLING TOLL FREE. 1-877-633-6772. WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM EDT
SUNDAY EVENING FOR SOUTHEAST OHIO AND CENTRAL WEST VIRGINIA.

LAT...LON 3917 8277 3934 8276 3937 8274 3936 8265
      3937 8264 3937 8253 3940 8252 3938 8229
      3913 8232 3904 8243 3899 8244 3916 8279
TIME...MOT...LOC 2314Z 285DEG 30KT 3928 8252

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Charleston, WV wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 1, 4:02 PM EDT, 2 hours 30 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 1, 4:02 PM EDT, 2 hours 30 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHARLESTON WV
ISSUED BY NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
402 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

.SYNOPSIS...
NORTHWEST FLOW CONTINUES...WITH HEAT PREVAILING AND THUNDERSTORM
CHANCES PERSISTING THROUGH THE WEEK.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH MONDAY/...
FORECAST BROUGHT TO YOU BY RLX AT PBZ. THANKS TO PBZ FOR THE
ACCOMMODATIONS.

CONVECTIVE COMPLEX ALREADY UNDERWAY NORTHWEST OF CWA IN NORTHERN
ILLINOIS/INDIANA...AND LOOKS TO BE THE PROBLEM CHILD FOR THIS
EVENING AND TONIGHT. HIGHLY UNSTABLE ENVIRONMENT GIVING CAPE OVER
4000J/KG ACROSS MUCH OF THE AREA...ALTHOUGH MAY BE A LITTLE
INFLATED WITH NAM DEWPOINT BIASES. REGARDLESS...PLENTY OF
INSTABILITY TO BE FOUND...FOR PROPAGATING MCS TOWARDS THE MIDDLE
OHIO VALLEY AND CENTRAL APPALACHIANS. STEERING WINDS ARE ABOUT
HALF THEY WERE A COUPLE DAYS AGO...AND DO NOT EXPECT AS QUICK OF A
FORWARD MOTION. BEST CAPE IN HAIL GROWTH ZONE...SO COULD SEE HAIL
THREAT ALONG WITH ANOTHER WIND THREAT. WITH THE CONVECTION ALREADY
BEGUN NORTHWEST OF HERE...THINK IT IS ONLY A MATTER OF TIME
BEFORE THE NEXT ROUND OF WEATHER FOR OUR AREA. WILL TRY TO UPDATE
AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.

ISSUED A HEAT ADVISORY FOR MUCH OF THE LOWLANDS MONDAY. NUMBERS
MAY NOT MAKE IT TO THE 100 NEEDED IN THE HEAT INDEX...BUT FIGURE
THAT WITH MANY PEOPLE IN THE AREA WITHOUT POWER...IT IS MORE THAN
JUSTIFIED AS WEST VIRGINIA AND OHIO TRY TO GET BACK ON THEIR FEET.
LEFT THE MOUNTAIN COUNTIES AND VIRGINIA COUNTIES OUT FOR NOW WITH
LOWER TEMPERATURES.

&&

.SHORT TERM /MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
KEEPING THIS SHORT... HEAT CONTINUES ALTHOUGH MAYBE A COUPLE
NOTCHES BELOW NEAR TERM VALUES...WITH THUNDERSTORM CHANCES
CONTINUING IN THE PREVAILING NORTHWEST FLOW REGIME. CANNOT LEAVE
POPS OUT DURING THE OVERNIGHT IN GOOD FAITH GIVEN THE VOLATILE
PATTERN...BUT HIGHEST CHANCES WILL BE IN THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING
HOURS EACH DAY.

&&

.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY/...
EXTENDED FORECAST FEATURES DIFFERENCES IN MODEL GUIDANCE THAT
LEADS TO DIFFERENCES IN TIMING AND PLACEMENT OF ANY PRECIPITATION.
ALL THINGS CONSIDERED...GOING WITH HPC GUIDANCE WHICH USES A BLEND
OF THE ECMWF AND GFS. CWA STAYS ON THE EASTERN PERIPHERY OF THE
RIDGE KEEPING THE HOT TEMPERATURES IN PLACE...BUT ALSO PROVIDES SEVERAL
DISTURBANCES KEEPING THE LOW CHC POPS IN PLACE.

&&

.AVIATION /20Z SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
CONVECTION EXPECTED WITH DEVELOPMENT ALREADY SEEN UPSTREAM IN THE
CHICAGO AREA ONCE AGAIN. THIS FEATURE IS SLOWER THAN A COUPLE DAYS
AGO...AND WILL SEE HOW THIS EVOLVES IN THE COMING HOURS...SO HAVE
UTILIZED THE VCTS/CB AT THE TERMINALS FOR NOW. CAN SEE THIS BEING
UPGRADED TO TSRA TEMPO TSRA IN THE 00Z ISSUANCE FOR SPECIFIC
LOCATIONS.

CARRY THE TIMING FROM GENERALLY 22Z THROUGH AROUND 06Z TONIGHT FOR
THE CONVECTION...AND EXPECT A QUIET ATMOSPHERE POST COMPLEX WITH A
CALM WIND TAKING OVER. THOSE SITES THAT SEE RAIN SHOULD FOG
EFFICIENTLY FOR THE LATTER HALF OF THE OVERNIGHT. WILL BRING THE
VISIBILITIES UP WITH DAWN...AND MORE CUMULUS DEVELOPMENT MONDAY.

FORECAST CONFIDENCE AND ALTERNATE SCENARIOS THROUGH 18Z MONDAY...

ALTERNATE SCENARIOS: MAY NEED TO ADJUST CONVECTION TIMING.
EVOLUTION WILL DICTATE WHICH SITES WILL BE AFFECTED DIRECTLY.

EXPERIMENTAL TABLE OF FLIGHT CATEGORY OBJECTIVELY SHOWS CONSISTENCY
OF WFO FORECAST TO AVAILABLE MODEL INFORMATION:
H = HIGH:   TAF CONSISTENT WITH ALL MODELS OR ALL BUT ONE MODEL.
M = MEDIUM: TAF HAS VARYING LEVEL OF CONSISTENCY WITH MODELS.
L = LOW:    TAF INCONSISTENT WITH ALL MODELS OR ALL BUT ONE MODEL.

AFTER 18Z MONDAY...
IFR POSSIBLE IN TSRA MONDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

&&

.RLX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
WV...HEAT ADVISORY UNTIL 6 PM EDT THIS EVENING FOR WVZ005>007-
     013>015-024>026.
     HEAT ADVISORY FROM NOON TO 7 PM EDT MONDAY FOR WVZ005>011-
     013>019-024>029.
OH...HEAT ADVISORY UNTIL 6 PM EDT THIS EVENING FOR OHZ086-087.
     HEAT ADVISORY FROM NOON TO 7 PM EDT MONDAY FOR OHZ066-067-075-
     076-083>087.
KY...HEAT ADVISORY UNTIL 6 PM EDT THIS EVENING FOR KYZ101>103-105.
     HEAT ADVISORY FROM NOON TO 7 PM EDT MONDAY FOR KYZ101>103-105.
VA...NONE.

&&

SYNOPSIS...26/TAX
NEAR TERM...26
SHORT TERM...26
LONG TERM...TAX
AVIATION...26
Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 1, 5:11 PM EDT, 1 hour 21 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHARLESTON WV
ISSUED BY NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
511 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

VAZ003-004-WVZ030>040-046-047-022115-
DICKENSON-BUCHANAN-LEWIS-HARRISON-TAYLOR-MCDOWELL-WYOMING-RALEIGH-
FAYETTE-NICHOLAS-WEBSTER-UPSHUR-BARBOUR-POCAHONTAS-RANDOLPH-
511 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA...CENTRAL
WEST VIRGINIA...NORTHERN WEST VIRGINIA AND SOUTHERN WEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE WEATHER SUNDAY AND SUNDAY NIGHT.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

WVZ020-022115-
DODDRIDGE-
511 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 446 IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHERN WEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

OHZ066-067-075-076-083>085-WVZ008>011-016>019-027-029-022115-
PERRY-MORGAN-ATHENS-WASHINGTON-JACKSON OH-VINTON-MEIGS-JACKSON WV-
WOOD-PLEASANTS-TYLER-ROANE-WIRT-CALHOUN-RITCHIE-CLAY-GILMER-
511 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 446 IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...
...HEAT ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM NOON TO 7 PM EDT MONDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHEAST OHIO...CENTRAL WEST
VIRGINIA AND NORTHERN WEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HEAT ADVISORY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

KYZ101>103-105-OHZ087-WVZ005-006-013-024>026-022115-
GREENUP-CARTER-BOYD-LAWRENCE KY-LAWRENCE OH-WAYNE-CABELL-LINCOLN-
MINGO-LOGAN-BOONE-
511 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

...HEAT ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM EDT THIS EVENING...
...HEAT ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM NOON TO 7 PM EDT MONDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHEAST
KENTUCKY...SOUTHEAST OHIO...SOUTHERN WEST VIRGINIA AND WESTERN WEST
VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HEAT ADVISORY.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HEAT ADVISORY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

OHZ086-WVZ007-014-015-022115-
GALLIA-MASON-PUTNAM-KANAWHA-
511 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

...HEAT ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM EDT THIS EVENING...
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 446 IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...
...HEAT ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM NOON TO 7 PM EDT MONDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHEAST OHIO...SOUTHERN
WEST VIRGINIA AND WESTERN WEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HEAT ADVISORY.
   SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HEAT ADVISORY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

WVZ028-022115-
BRAXTON-
511 PM EDT SUN JUL 1 2012

...HEAT ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM NOON TO 7 PM EDT MONDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR CENTRAL WEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HEAT ADVISORY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

The office that day

Everything else NWS Charleston, WV issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jul 1, 3:29 PM EDTHeat AdvisoryRLXAthens, Gallia, Jackson, Lawrence, Meigs, Morgan and 3 more28 hr
Jul 1, 7:06 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningRLXAthens, Meigs, Morgan, Perry, Vinton, Washington39 min
Jul 1, 7:27 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningRLXAthens, Gallia, Jackson, Lawrence, Meigs, Vinton63 min
Jul 1, 7:42 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningRLXAthens, Meigs, Morgan, Perry, Vinton, Washington78 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Ohio, 2012Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.