Alert archive / Arkansas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2012

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 87, NWS Little Rock, AR

April 10, 2012Clark County, Pike County, Arkansas

NWS Little Rock, AR issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 10, 2012, 6:38 PM CDT for Clark County, Pike County, Arkansas. It was in force for 37 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Apr 10, 2012, 6:38 PM CDT (23:38 UTC)
Expired: Apr 10, 2012, 7:15 PM CDT
In force: 37 min
Issued by: NWS Little Rock, AR
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Clark County, AR, Pike County, AR

The radar

The Little Rock radar (KLZK), 132 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:41 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Apr 10, 6:55 PM CDT	HAIL 0.88	4 Sw Alpine, AR	NICKEL SIZED HAIL COVERING THE GROUND.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Shreveport, LA (KSHV), launched 12:00Z, 11.6 hours before the alert went out and 191 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 357 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -85 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1193 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 30 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 103 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 96 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.9

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

909 
WUUS54 KLZK 102338
SVRLZK
ARC019-109-110015-
/O.NEW.KLZK.SV.W.0087.120410T2338Z-120411T0015Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LITTLE ROCK AR
638 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LITTLE ROCK HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHWESTERN CLARK COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS...
  EAST CENTRAL PIKE COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS...

* UNTIL 715 PM CDT

* AT 633 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL...AND
  DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 6 MILES
  SOUTHWEST OF AMITY...OR 11 MILES EAST OF LAKE GREESON...AND MOVING
  SOUTHEAST AT 20 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  AMITY...              SHAWMUT...            ROSBORO...
  PIKE CITY...          ANTOINE...            ALPINE...
  MAJORS...             LASSIE GAP...         LAKE BARKSDALE...
  KIRKSEY RESERVOIR...  GRAYSONIA...          DWIGGINS LAKE...
  CANEY VALLEY...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND IN EXCESS OF 60 MILES PER
HOUR...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...DEADLY LIGHTNING...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. FOR
YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR
HOME OR BUSINESS. HEAVY RAINS FLOOD ROADS QUICKLY SO DO NOT DRIVE
INTO AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE ROAD.

&&

LAT...LON 3422 9333 3402 9341 3415 9367 3431 9357
TIME...MOT...LOC 2338Z 298DEG 17KT 3419 9352

$$

58

1 follow-up statement

734 
WWUS54 KLZK 102358
SVSLZK

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LITTLE ROCK AR
658 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

ARC109-110008-
/O.CAN.KLZK.SV.W.0087.000000T0000Z-120411T0015Z/
PIKE AR-
658 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR EAST CENTRAL PIKE COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...

THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS MOVED OUT OF THE WARNED 
AREA.

LAT...LON 3426 9345 3422 9333 3406 9340 3408 9344
      3413 9344 3414 9346 3415 9344 3416 9346
      3419 9346 3421 9344 3421 9348
TIME...MOT...LOC 2358Z 294DEG 20KT 3416 9338

$$

ARC019-110015-
/O.CON.KLZK.SV.W.0087.000000T0000Z-120411T0015Z/
CLARK AR-
658 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR NORTHWESTERN
CLARK COUNTY UNTIL 715 PM CDT...

AT 654 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE
HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS
LOCATED 7 MILES NORTHWEST OF HALFWAY...OR 14 MILES WEST OF DEGRAY
LAKE...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 25 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THIS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM INCLUDE...
  ALPINE...             KIRKSEY RESERVOIR...  GRAYSONIA...
  DWIGGINS LAKE...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND IN EXCESS OF 60 MILES PER
HOUR...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...DEADLY LIGHTNING...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. FOR
YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR
HOME OR BUSINESS. HEAVY RAINS FLOOD ROADS QUICKLY SO DO NOT DRIVE
INTO AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE ROAD.

&&

LAT...LON 3426 9345 3422 9333 3406 9340 3408 9344
      3413 9344 3414 9346 3415 9344 3416 9346
      3419 9346 3421 9344 3421 9348
TIME...MOT...LOC 2358Z 294DEG 20KT 3416 9338

$$

58

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Little Rock, AR wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 10, 2:40 PM CDT, 3 hours 58 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 10, 2:40 PM CDT, 3 hours 58 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LITTLE ROCK AR
240 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

.SHORT TERM...TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT

A COLD FRONT WILL CONTINUE PUSHING THROUGH THE STATE FROM
THE NORTH OVERNIGHT. A STORM SYSTEM WILL FORM ALONG THE FRONT
IN THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...AND IS EXPECTED TO TRIGGER SCATTERED
SHOWERS AND A FEW THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE SOUTHWEST HALF OF
THE STATE.

BEHIND THE FRONT...DRIER/COOLER AIR WILL BE NOTED ACROSS
THE REGION ON WEDNESDAY. BELOW NORMAL TEMPERATURES ARE
IN THE FORECAST.

FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE PERIOD...THE PATTERN WILL BE SLOW
TO EVOLVE. HIGH PRESSURE WILL BUILD OVER THE SOUTHEAST UNITED
STATES...AND A LARGE TROUGH OF LOW PRESSURE WILL MOVE FROM THE
ROCKIES INTO THE PLAINS. THE HIGH WILL SLOW THE EASTWARD PROGRESS
OF THE FRONT.

TEMPERATURES WILL MODIFY A BIT THURSDAY/FRIDAY...AND WILL
EVENTUALLY CLIMB ABOVE SEASONAL LEVELS. SMALL CHANCES FOR
SHOWERS/THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED AHEAD OF THE SLOWLY
APPROACHING TROUGH...MAINLY IN NORTHERN/WESTERN ARKANSAS.
HIGH PRESSURE WILL KEEP THE SOUTH/EAST MOSTLY DRY.
&&

.LONG TERM...SATURDAY THROUGH TUESDAY

FOCUS THRU MUCH OF THE PD WL RMN ON THE EWD PROGRESSION OF THE UPR
LVL STORM SYS OVR THE SWRN STATES. THE UPR LOW WL EVENTUALLY
ENCOUNTER A PERSISTENT UPR RDG OVR THE SERN U.S. OVER TIME...WHICH
WL SHUNT THE SYS TO THE N OF AR LATER IN THE PD. AHEAD OF THE SYS...
SWLY FLOW ALOFT WL SET UP OVR THE REGION WITH A SERIES OF IMPULSES
BRINGING INCRSG RAIN CHCS TO THE FA...ESP BY MON AND TUE.

THERE RMNS SOME QUESTION AT TO THE OVERALL TIMING OF THE STORM SYS
AS THE MODELS ARE NORMALLY TOO FAST MOVG THESE TYPES OF SYS EWD.
APPEARS NWRN AR WL SEE THE BEST CHCS OF ORGANIZED CONVECTION SAT AND
SUN...WITH MAINLY DRY WX ELSEWHERE. THIS AXIS OF RAINFALL WL SLOLY
SHIFT EWD BY EARLY NEXT WEEK...WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR SOME STRONG/
SVR STORMS AND LOCALLY HVY RAINFALL. CONTD TO RMN CLOSE TO HPC TEMPS
THRU THE PD.
&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
BATESVILLE AR     45  64  40  63 /  10  10  10  20
CAMDEN AR         55  72  49  72 /  30  20  10  10
HARRISON AR       44  63  41  62 /  10  10  10  40
HOT SPRINGS AR    53  69  46  68 /  30  20  10  20
LITTLE ROCK   AR  52  67  45  67 /  20  10  10  20
MONTICELLO AR     53  71  46  70 /  30  20  10  10
MOUNT IDA AR      52  69  45  68 /  40  20  10  30
MOUNTAIN HOME AR  44  62  41  62 /  10  10  10  30
NEWPORT AR        45  64  41  64 /  10  10   0  20
PINE BLUFF AR     52  69  46  68 /  20  20  10  10
RUSSELLVILLE AR   51  66  44  63 /  30  20  10  30
SEARCY AR         47  65  41  65 /  20  10  10  20
STUTTGART AR      50  66  44  66 /  20  10  10  20
&&

.LZK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.
&&

SHORT TERM...46 / LONG TERM...44

Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 10, 5:00 AM CDT, 13 hours 38 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LITTLE ROCK AR
500 AM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

ARZ003>007-012>016-021>025-030>034-037>047-052>057-062>069-111000-
ARKANSAS-BAXTER-BOONE-BRADLEY-CALHOUN-CLARK-CLEBURNE-CLEVELAND-
CONWAY-DALLAS-DESHA-DREW-FAULKNER-FULTON-GARLAND-GRANT-HOT SPRING-
INDEPENDENCE-IZARD-JACKSON-JEFFERSON-JOHNSON-LINCOLN-LOGAN-LONOKE-
MARION-MONROE-MONTGOMERY-NEWTON-OUACHITA-PERRY-PIKE-POLK-POPE-
PRAIRIE-PULASKI-SALINE-SCOTT-SEARCY-SHARP-STONE-VAN BUREN-WHITE-
WOODRUFF-YELL-
500 AM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR A LARGE PART OF ARKANSAS.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

WIDELY SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE TODAY AS
A COUPLE OF WEAK UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCES RIPPLE THROUGH THE
NORTHWEST FLOW ALOFT. THE BEST CHANCES OF SEEING ANY PRECIPITATION
TODAY WILL BE OVER THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE FORECAST AREA.
HOWEVER...THE CHANCES OF ANY ORGANIZED SEVERE WEATHER REMAINS VERY
LOW.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY

UPPER LEVEL HIGH PRESSURE WILL BE CENTERED OVER THE WESTERN HIGH
PLAINS WEDNESDAY MORNING RESULTING IN A BROAD NORTHWEST FLOW ALOFT
OVER THE MID SOUTH. SEVERAL WEAK DISTURBANCES WILL MOVE THROUGH THE
FLOW RESULTING IN ISOLATED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH THE END
OF THE WORK WEEK AS THE HIGH PRESSURE SHIFTS EAST. THE BEST CHANCES
OF RAIN WILL REMAIN OVER THE SOUTHWEST WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF
SEVERE WEATHER REMAINING LOW.

OVER THE WEEKEND...THE PATTERN ALOFT WILL TRANSITION AND UPPER FLOW
FROM THE SOUTHWEST WILL DOMINATE AS A DEEP AREA OF LOW PRESSURE
DEVELOPS OVER THE WEST. SEVERAL UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCES WILL MOVE
THROUGH THE PREVAILING FLOW KEEPING SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS IN THE
FORECAST. ONCE AGAIN...ORGANIZED SEVERE WEATHER IS NOT EXPECTED.

EARLY NEXT WEEK...A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE INTO NORTHWEST ARKANSAS
AND SLOW DOWN CONSIDERABLY AS IT RUNS INTO UPPER LEVEL HIGH PRESSURE
OVER THE SOUTHEAST UNITED STATES. WITH PLENTY OF GULF MOISTURE IN
PLACE...LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN REMAINS A DISTINCT POSSIBILITY AND THE
SITUATION WILL NEED TO BE MONITORED. SEVERE WEATHER POSSIBILITIES
WILL ALSO NEED TO BE WATCHED ON MONDAY AS WELL.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL NOT BE NEEDED.

&&

VISIT NWS LITTLE ROCK ON THE WEB. GO TO HTTP://WEATHER.GOV AND
CLICK ON CENTRAL ARKANSAS.

56

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Apr 10, 2:33 PM CDT, 4 hours 5 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LITTLE ROCK AR
233 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

ARZ052-102020-
PIKE AR-
233 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SOUTHERN PIKE COUNTY UNTIL 315 PM
CDT...

AT 228 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM 3 MILES SOUTHWEST OF BEACON HILL PICNIC AREA...OR
5 MILES NORTHWEST OF MURFREESBORO...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 15 MPH.

HAIL UP TO ONE-HALF INCH IN DIAMETER AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 40 MPH ARE
EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM...ALONG WITH FREQUENT DANGEROUS LIGHTNING.

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  MURFREESBORO...       NARROWS DAM...        HIGHLAND...
  CRATER OF DIAMONDS SP...                    ROY...
  PISGAH...             NATHAN...             DELIGHT...
  BILLSTOWN...          STELLTOWN...
  RIVERSIDE PICNIC AREA...                    PINEY GROVE...
  PIKEVILLE REC AREA... PARKER CREEK REC AREA...
  NARROWS DAM REC AREA...                     MT MORIAH...
  LAUREL CREEK REC AREA...                    COOLEYVILLE...

IF THREATENING WEATHER APPROACHES YOUR AREA...TAKE SHELTER IN A
STURDY BUILDING.

LAT...LON 3417 9383 3417 9382 3422 9375 3397 9337
      3395 9337 3395 9342 3396 9347 3394 9352
      3396 9361 3398 9365 3400 9375 3400 9382
      3407 9384
TIME...MOT...LOC 1933Z 328DEG 11KT 3410 9375

44

Special weather statement, Apr 10, 2:54 PM CDT, 3 hours 44 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LITTLE ROCK AR
254 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

ARZ053-102040-
CLARK AR-
254 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SOUTHERN CLARK COUNTY UNTIL 345
PM CDT...

AT 249 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM 2 MILES NORTHWEST OF SHILOH...OR 9 MILES
SOUTHWEST OF ARKADELPHIA...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 15 MPH.

HAIL UP TO ONE-HALF INCH IN DIAMETER AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 40 MPH ARE
EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM...ALONG WITH FREQUENT DANGEROUS LIGHTNING.

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  WHELEN SPRINGS...     RICHWOODS...          OKOLONA...
  GURDON...             BEIRNE...             VADEN...
  HOLLYWOOD...          GUM SPRINGS...        TRACE...
  SYCAMORE...           SMYRNA...             SMITHTON...
  SHILOH...             SHAKERTOWN...         RED SPRINGS...
  MCGILL FORD...        LOVE CREEK...         KANSAS...

THIS INCLUDES INTERSTATE 30 BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 57 AND 71.

IF THREATENING WEATHER APPROACHES YOUR AREA...TAKE SHELTER IN A
STURDY BUILDING.

LAT...LON 3379 9307 3378 9311 3403 9339 3417 9318
      3392 9292 3386 9290 3384 9287 3383 9290
      3381 9290 3382 9293 3378 9300 3377 9304
TIME...MOT...LOC 1954Z 321DEG 14KT 3404 9319

44

Special weather statement, Apr 10, 4:29 PM CDT, 2 hours 9 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LITTLE ROCK AR
429 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

ARZ052-102215-
PIKE AR-
429 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR CENTRAL PIKE COUNTY UNTIL 515 PM
CDT...

AT 426 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM 5 MILES SOUTHWEST OF PARKER CREEK REC AREA...OR 6
MILES NORTHWEST OF MURFREESBORO...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 20 MPH.

SMALL HAIL FROM PEA UP TO ONE-HALF INCH IN DIAMETER AND WIND GUSTS
UP TO 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM.

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  MURFREESBORO...       HIGHLAND...
  CRATER OF DIAMONDS SP...                    ROY...
  NATHAN...             PARKER CREEK REC AREA...
  COOLEYVILLE...

IF THREATENING WEATHER APPROACHES YOUR AREA...TAKE SHELTER IN A
STURDY BUILDING.

LAT...LON 3417 9382 3419 9375 3396 9360 3401 9382
TIME...MOT...LOC 2129Z 334DEG 10KT 3410 9379

59

Local storm report, Apr 10, 5:40 PM CDT, 58 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LITTLE ROCK AR
540 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0528 PM     HAIL             MURFREESBORO            34.06N 93.69W
04/10/2012  E1.00 INCH       PIKE               AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            1 INCH HAIL FALLING AT THE SHERIFF OFFICE IN
            MURFRESSBORO.

0536 PM     HAIL             3 E MURFREESBORO        34.06N 93.64W
04/10/2012  E1.00 INCH       PIKE               AR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            1 INCH TO NEAR 2 INCH HAIL FELL AROUND MURFREESBORO.

&&

59

Local storm report, Apr 10, 6:07 PM CDT, 31 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LITTLE ROCK AR
607 PM CDT TUE APR 10 2012

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0600 PM     HAIL             DELIGHT                 34.03N 93.51W
04/10/2012  E1.00 INCH       PIKE               AR   PUBLIC

&&

58

The office that day

Everything else NWS Little Rock, AR issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Apr 10, 2:33 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	LZK	Pike	47 min
Apr 10, 2:54 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	LZK	Clark	46 min
Apr 10, 4:29 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	LZK	Pike	46 min
Apr 10, 5:14 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LZK	Pike	31 min
Apr 10, 5:34 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LZK	Pike	26 min
Apr 10, 5:58 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LZK	Clark, Pike	47 min
Apr 10, 6:16 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LZK	Pike	29 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Arkansas, 2012 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.