Alert archive / Indiana / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2012

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 480, NWS Louisville, KY

July 27, 20124 counties in Indiana

NWS Louisville, KY issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 27, 2012, 8:02 PM EDT for 4 counties in Indiana. It was in force for 28 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jul 27, 2012, 8:02 PM EDT (00:02 UTC)
Expired: Jul 27, 2012, 8:30 PM EDT
In force: 28 min
Issued by: NWS Louisville, KY
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 0.5 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

Counties Crawford County, IN, Dubois County, IN, Harrison County, IN, Orange County, IN

The radar

The Louisville radar (KLVX), 61 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 00:03 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jul 27, 8:17 PM EDT	TSTM WND DMG	English, IN	DISPATCH REPORTS TREE DOWN

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 15 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Jul 27, 2:43 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	8 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), launched 00:00Z, 0.0 hours before the alert went out and 240 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 1902 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -1 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1490 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 23 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 5 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 15 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.2

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

506 
WUUS53 KLMK 280002
SVRLMK
INC025-037-061-117-280030-
/O.NEW.KLMK.SV.W.0480.120728T0002Z-120728T0030Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
802 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LOUISVILLE HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  CRAWFORD COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  EASTERN DUBOIS COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  WESTERN HARRISON COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  SOUTHERN ORANGE COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...

* UNTIL 830 PM EDT

* AT 759 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS
  OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR ELLSWORTH...MOVING EAST AT
  35 MPH.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
  ENGLISH...
  ECKERTY...
  TASWELL AND BROWNSTOWN...
  FARGO...
  TEMPLE AND GRANTSBURG...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

WIDESPREAD WIND DAMAGE IS EXPECTED. WINDS MAY KNOCK DOWN TREES AND
POWER LINES...AND DAMAGE BUILDINGS AND HOMES. TAKE COVER NOW!

REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OR POST YOUR REPORT TO
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE FACEBOOK PAGE.

&&

LAT...LON 3848 8676 3838 8620 3817 8626 3819 8634
      3820 8635 3820 8638 3824 8657 3827 8657
      3826 8664 3830 8681
TIME...MOT...LOC 0002Z 284DEG 30KT 3838 8667
WIND...HAIL 60MPH <.50IN

$$
JDG

1 follow-up statement

634 
WWUS53 KLMK 280021
SVSLMK

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
821 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

INC025-037-061-117-280030-
/O.CON.KLMK.SV.W.0480.000000T0000Z-120728T0030Z/
ORANGE IN-HARRISON IN-CRAWFORD IN-DUBOIS IN-
821 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 830 PM EDT
FOR EASTERN DUBOIS...CRAWFORD...WESTERN HARRISON AND SOUTHEASTERN
ORANGE COUNTIES...

AT 817 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN
EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR BROWNSTOWN...MOVING
EAST AT 35 MPH.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
  ENGLISH...
  TEMPLE AND GRANTSBURG...
  CURBY AND PILOT KNOB...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

WIDESPREAD WIND DAMAGE IS EXPECTED. WINDS MAY KNOCK DOWN TREES AND
POWER LINES...AND DAMAGE BUILDINGS AND HOMES. TAKE COVER NOW!

REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OR POST YOUR REPORT TO
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE FACEBOOK PAGE.

&&

LAT...LON 3834 8677 3838 8658 3844 8656 3838 8620
      3817 8626 3819 8634 3820 8635 3824 8657
      3827 8657 3826 8664 3830 8678
TIME...MOT...LOC 0020Z 284DEG 30KT 3834 8648
WIND...HAIL 60MPH <.50IN

$$
JDG

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Louisville, KY wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 27, 7:11 PM EDT, 51 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 27, 7:11 PM EDT, 51 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
711 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

...Updated Aviation Discussion...

.Short Term (Tonight through Saturday Night)...
Issued at 250 PM EDT Fri Jul 27 2012

Upper trough has been moving steadily east southeast today, with a
rough axis this hour from near KLOT to near KSTL. Storms have formed
out ahead of this trough across central Indiana, also out ahead of a
sharp dewpoint gradient along a cool front. Cumulus field over our
region is limited to roughly along and east of I-65. Still given
convergence along that sharp front moving into the region later this
afternoon, expect isolated to scattered storms developing and
pushing eastward. Limiting factor today compared to yesterday is the
amount of precipitable water available. Freezing level and wet bulb
zeroes are lower than at this time yesterday, so combining this
information with drier air in the column should allow for larger
hail to form today in addition to damaging winds. SPC mesonanalysis
page indicates highest K indices in the area where the cumulus field
has congested the most, just to our north. Given these threats, have
gone ahead with a severe thunderstorm watch over the north. Should
coverage become more widespread than current thinking, we can expand
this watch farther south.

Coverage should die down with loss of heating this evening. Have
forecast dry after midnight. Rest of the period should be dry as
well, as deeper moisture shifts away from the region in the wake of
that upper trough's passage. Temperatures Saturday and Saturday
night will be close to normal for late July.

.Long Term (Sunday through Friday)...
Issued at 255 PM EDT Fri Jul 27 2012

After a dry mostly sunny Sunday, an active NW flow with multiple
shortwaves will dominate the pattern Mon/Tues with perhaps greater
instability and a stronger shortwave signal forecast for Mon Night
into early Tues.  Looks like this leading wave will be just ahead of
a sfc boundary according to the 12Z GFS/GFS ensembles.  The front is
a little less obvious in the 0Z ECMWF data.  So after an early round
of convection Tues, a consensus in model timing of the front
suggests another round of convection developing late Tues just ahead
of the front.  After the front passes through the area or washes out
Tues night/Wed, at least a couple of shortwaves look to remain in
the flow for Thurs/Fri.  The GFS is a bit more aggressive bringing
down another sfc front for later in the week.  Not real confident in
this front quite yet, but will allow 20-40% POPs in the forecast for
more diurnal based convection and the shortwave possibility which is
more probable at this point.

Temperatures in the long term period look to remain near normal or a
tad above normal.  High temps should top out in the upper 80s and
lower 90s with lows in the upper 60s and lower 70s.

&&

.Aviation (00Z TAF Issuance)...
Issued at 710 PM EDT Fri Jul 27 2012

Obviously the main issue here is the convection across southern
Indiana and northern Kentucky this evening.  By the time the TAFs
begin, the gust front from these storms will have already gone
through SDF and LEX, switching winds to the northwest at speeds
around 15kt gusting to 30kt (especially at SDF -- maybe a little
less at LEX).  Will account for TSRA and VRB gusty winds in the
first three hours of the northern TAFs.  BWG will not be affected.

After that, the rest of the forecast will be very quiet.  May need
to look out for some patchy fog towards dawn in areas where rain
falls this evening, but right now with a fropa expected around
sunrise will bank on the atmosphere being too mixy for much fog
production.

&&

.LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IN...NONE.
KY...NONE.

Short Term.......RJS
Long Term........AMS
Aviation.........13

Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 27, 7:47 PM EDT, 15 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
747 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

INZ076>079-083-084-090>092-KYZ030>037-039>043-048-049-057-290300-
ORANGE IN-WASHINGTON IN-SCOTT IN-JEFFERSON IN-DUBOIS IN-CRAWFORD IN-
HARRISON IN-FLOYD IN-CLARK IN-JEFFERSON KY-OLDHAM KY-TRIMBLE KY-
HENRY KY-SHELBY KY-FRANKLIN KY-SCOTT KY-HARRISON KY-ANDERSON KY-
WOODFORD KY-FAYETTE KY-BOURBON KY-NICHOLAS KY-JESSAMINE KY-CLARK KY-
MADISON KY-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...PAOLI...SALEM...SCOTTSBURG...MADISON...
JASPER...MARENGO...CORYDON...NEW ALBANY...JEFFERSONVILLE...
LOUISVILLE...LA GRANGE...BEDFORD...NEW CASTLE...SHELBYVILLE...
FRANKFORT...GEORGETOWN...CYNTHIANA...LAWRENCEBURG...VERSAILLES...
LEXINGTON...PARIS...CARLISLE...NICHOLASVILLE...WINCHESTER...RICHMOND
747 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012 /647 PM CDT FRI JUL 27 2012/

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 532 IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM EDT /10 PM
CDT/ THIS EVENING...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL
INDIANA AND CENTRAL KENTUCKY.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

SCATTERED STORMS WILL CONTINUE TO MOVE THROUGH SOUTHERN INDIANA
AND NORTHERN KENTUCKY THIS EVENING...WITH THE STRONGEST STORMS
PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS AND VERY HEAVY RAIN.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY.

THUNDERSTORMS WILL AGAIN BE POSSIBLE OFF AND ON MONDAY THROUGH
THURSDAY AS A COUPLE OF UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCES AND SURFACE FRONT CROSS
THE REGION. THE MAIN THREATS WITH THESE STORMS WILL BE DANGEROUS
LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAINFALL.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTERS SHOULD REPORT ANY WIND DAMAGE...STRONG WIND GUSTS...OR
HAIL TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

&&

MORE INFORMATION...ALONG WITH OTHER WEATHER...HYDROLOGICAL AND
CLIMATE INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND...AT HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/LOUISVILLE
(ALL LOWER CASE)

INZ089-KYZ023>029-038-045>047-053>056-061>067-070>078-081-082-290300-
PERRY IN-HANCOCK KY-BRECKINRIDGE KY-MEADE KY-OHIO KY-GRAYSON KY-
HARDIN KY-BULLITT KY-SPENCER KY-NELSON KY-WASHINGTON KY-MERCER KY-
LARUE KY-MARION KY-BOYLE KY-GARRARD KY-BUTLER KY-EDMONSON KY-HART KY-
GREEN KY-TAYLOR KY-CASEY KY-LINCOLN KY-LOGAN KY-WARREN KY-SIMPSON KY-
ALLEN KY-BARREN KY-MONROE KY-METCALFE KY-ADAIR KY-RUSSELL KY-
CUMBERLAND KY-CLINTON KY-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...TELL CITY...HAWESVILLE...HARDINSBURG...
BRANDENBURG...BEAVER DAM...LEITCHFIELD...ELIZABETHTOWN...FORT KNOX...
MOUNT WASHINGTON...SHEPHERDSVILLE...TAYLORSVILLE...BARDSTOWN...
SPRINGFIELD...HARRODSBURG...HODGENVILLE...LEBANON...DANVILLE...
LANCASTER...MORGANTOWN...BROWNSVILLE...MUNFORDVILLE...GREENSBURG...
CAMPBELLSVILLE...LIBERTY...STANFORD...RUSSELLVILLE...BOWLING GREEN...
FRANKLIN...SCOTTSVILLE...GLASGOW...TOMPKINSVILLE...EDMONTON...
COLUMBIA...JAMESTOWN...BURKESVILLE...ALBANY
747 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012 /647 PM CDT FRI JUL 27 2012/

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL
KENTUCKY.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

AN ISOLATED STORM WILL BE POSSIBLE THIS EVENING...WITH LIGHTNING
AND GUSTY WINDS AS THE MAIN THREATS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY.

THUNDERSTORMS WILL AGAIN BE POSSIBLE OFF AND ON MONDAY THROUGH
THURSDAY AS A COUPLE OF UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCES AND SURFACE FRONT CROSS
THE REGION. THE MAIN THREATS WITH THESE STORMS WILL BE DANGEROUS
LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAINFALL.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTERS SHOULD REPORT ANY WIND DAMAGE...STRONG WIND GUSTS...OR
HAIL TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

&&

MORE INFORMATION...ALONG WITH OTHER WEATHER...HYDROLOGICAL AND
CLIMATE INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND...AT HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/LOUISVILLE
(ALL LOWER CASE)

13

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 27, 7:38 PM EDT, 24 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
738 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0543 PM     TSTM WND DMG     DUPONT                  38.89N  85.52W
07/27/2012                   JEFFERSON          IN   EMERGENCY MNGR

            TREES REPORTED DOWN ON STATE ROAD 7 AS WELL AS OTHER
            TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN ON THE NORTH AND EASTERN
            PORTIONS OF THE COUNTY

&&

EVENT NUMBER LMK1200974

LG

Special weather statement, Jul 27, 7:42 PM EDT, 20 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
742 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

KYC097-181-280015-
NICHOLAS KY-HARRISON KY-
742 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

...STRONG THUNDERSTORM WITH MODERATE RAIN...AND 40 MPH WINDS...

AT 741 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR CARLISLE...AND MOVING EAST AT 35 MPH.

MODERATE RAIN WITH RAINFALL RATES OF AROUND ONE HALF INCH PER HOUR
REDUCING VISIBILITIES TO LESS THAN THREE MILES...AND GUSTY WINDS OF
AROUND 35 TO 40 MPH...ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM.

* THIS STORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
  CARLISLE...
  MOOREFIELD...
  MILLTOWN AND SPROUT...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

STRONG WINDS WITH THIS STORM CAN TOPPLE WEAKLY ROOTED TREES...AND
DOWN POWER LINES. TAKE PRECAUTIONS NOW TO SECURE TRASH CANS...LAWN
FURNITURE AND OTHER LOOSE OUTDOOR OBJECTS. MOTORISTS IN HIGH PROFILE
VEHICLES SHOULD USE CAUTION.

&&

LAT...LON 3829 8384 3819 8397 3822 8398 3820 8399
      3830 8413 3837 8419 3836 8421 3838 8423
      3848 8415 3844 8400 3844 8397 3842 8394
      3837 8391 3837 8388 3833 8384
TIME...MOT...LOC 2343Z 279DEG 29KT 3836 8398

JDG

Local storm report, Jul 27, 7:47 PM EDT, 15 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
747 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0610 PM     TSTM WND DMG     MADISON                 38.76N  85.38W
07/27/2012                   JEFFERSON          IN   EMERGENCY MNGR

            PARTIAL METAL ROOF RIPPED OFF

&&

EVENT NUMBER LMK1200975

LG

Special weather statement, Jul 27, 7:47 PM EDT, 15 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
747 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

INC037-280015-
DUBOIS IN-
747 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

...STRONG THUNDERSTORM WITH DANGEROUS LIGHTNING...MODERATE RAIN...
HALF INCH HAIL...AND 40 MPH WINDS...

AT 741 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM 9 MILES EAST OF JASPER...AND MOVING EAST AT 35
MPH.

OCCASIONAL LIGHTNING...MODERATE RAIN WITH RAINFALL RATES OF AROUND
ONE HALF INCH PER HOUR REDUCING VISIBILITIES TO LESS THAN THREE
MILES...HALF INCH HAIL...AND GUSTY WINDS OF AROUND 35 TO 40 MPH...ARE
EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM.

* THIS STORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...

  MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF DUBOIS COUNTY.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

IF YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF THIS STORM...SEEK SHELTER INDOORS AND STAY
AWAY FROM WINDOWS. STAY TUNED TO NOAA ALL HAZARDS RADIO...
WEATHER.GOV/LOUISVILLE ON THE INTERNET...OR LOCAL MEDIA FOR LATER
UPDATES AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

&&

LAT...LON 3851 8706 3852 8704 3851 8698 3849 8695
      3851 8694 3850 8688 3853 8684 3853 8669
      3825 8668 3825 8679 3824 8680 3821 8708
      3840 8708
TIME...MOT...LOC 2347Z 274DEG 30KT 3836 8671

JDG

Local storm report, Jul 27, 7:50 PM EDT, 12 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
750 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0728 PM     HAIL             3 NW ANCHORAGE          38.30N  85.57W
07/27/2012  E0.88 INCH       JEFFERSON          KY   PUBLIC

            NICKEL SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE SPRINGHURST AREA

&&

EVENT NUMBER LMK1200976

LG

Local storm report, Jul 27, 7:53 PM EDT, 9 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
753 PM EDT FRI JUL 27 2012

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0736 PM     HAIL             2 NNW ANCHORAGE         38.29N  85.55W
07/27/2012  M1.00 INCH       JEFFERSON          KY   TRAINED SPOTTER

            SPOTTER REPORTS QUARTER SIZE HAIL

&&

EVENT NUMBER LMK1200977

LG

The office that day

Everything else NWS Louisville, KY issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 27, 8:36 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Floyd, Harrison	29 min
Jul 27, 8:56 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Harrison	29 min
Jul 27, 9:15 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Harrison	30 min
Jul 27, 10:04 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Harrison	31 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Indiana, 2012 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.