Alert archive / Ohio / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2012

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 107, NWS Wilmington, OH

May 21, 2012Adams County, Brown County, Ohio

NWS Wilmington, OH issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 21, 2012, 4:49 PM EDT for Adams County, Brown County, Ohio. It was in force for 20 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: May 21, 2012, 4:49 PM EDT (20:49 UTC)
Expired: May 21, 2012, 5:09 PM EDT
In force: 20 min
Issued by: NWS Wilmington, OH
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Adams County, OH, Brown County, OH

The radar

The Cincinnati radar (KILN), 75 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:52 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
May 21, 4:54 PM EDT	HAIL 0.5	5 Ene Ripley, OH	LOTS OF HAIL...ENOUGH TO KNOCK LEAVES OFF TREES.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Cncnati-Daytn, OH (KILN), launched 12:00Z, 8.8 hours before the alert went out and 75 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 1563 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 9 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: -20 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 20 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

887 
WUUS51 KILN 212049
SVRILN
OHC001-015-212130-
/O.NEW.KILN.SV.W.0107.120521T2049Z-120521T2130Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
449 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN WILMINGTON HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  SOUTHWESTERN ADAMS COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST OHIO...
  SOUTHEASTERN BROWN COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST OHIO...

* UNTIL 530 PM EDT.

* AT 448 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF
  PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR REDOAK...
  MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 5 MPH.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF
  SOUTHEASTERN BROWN AND SOUTHWESTERN ADAMS COUNTIES...INCLUDING
  BRADYSVILLE AND BENTONVILLE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

STAY INDOORS AND AWAY FROM WINDOWS UNTIL THE STORM HAS PASSED.

THIS STORM WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING LARGE HAIL. MOVE TO AN
INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR HOME OR BUSINESS. STAY AWAY
FROM WINDOWS!

PLEASE REPORT HAIL OR STRONG WINDS TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BY
CALLING TOLL FREE...877-633-6772...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

&&

LAT...LON 3877 8355 3864 8369 3877 8383 3885 8373
TIME...MOT...LOC 2049Z 313DEG 4KT 3877 8374

$$

1 follow-up statement

106 
WWUS51 KILN 212109
SVSILN

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
509 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

OHC001-015-212120-
/O.CAN.KILN.SV.W.0107.000000T0000Z-120521T2130Z/
ADAMS OH-BROWN OH-
509 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN BROWN AND
SOUTHWESTERN ADAMS COUNTIES HAS BEEN CANCELLED...

THE THUNDERSTORM HAS WEAKENED BELOW SEVERE LIMITS...THEREFORE THE
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING HAS BEEN CANCELLED.

SMALL HAIL AND HEAVY RAIN ARE STILL POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM.

PLEASE REPORT PREVIOUS WIND DAMAGE OR HAIL TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE BY CALLING TOLL FREE...877-633-6772.

LAT...LON 3877 8355 3864 8369 3877 8383 3885 8373
TIME...MOT...LOC 2110Z 313DEG 4KT 3875 8372

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Wilmington, OH wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 21, 3:48 PM EDT, 1 hour 1 minute earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 21, 3:48 PM EDT, 1 hour 1 minute before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
348 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

.SYNOPSIS...
A WEAK COLD FRONT AND LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM WILL MOVE EAST ACROSS
THE REGION TODAY. THE LOW WILL THEN REMAIN JUST SOUTHWEST OF THE
REGION THROUGH WEDNESDAY. AN UPPER LEVEL RIDGE WILL THEN MOVE INTO
THE AREA FOR THE END OF THE WEEK...BRINGING MUCH WARMER
TEMPERATURES AND DRY CONDITIONS.

&&

.NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM TUESDAY MORNING/...
ISOLATED SHOWERS AND WEAK THUNDERSTORMS HAVE DEVELOPED ACROSS THE
CWA...MAINLY IN THE SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST PORTIONS. MORE
CONCENTRATED THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY IS OCCURRING SOUTH OF THE REGION
(FLEMING COUNTY KY AND SOUTH). THE FRONT CROSSING THE REGION IS
DIFFICULT TO PINPOINT. A WIND SHIFT HAS CLEARED THROUGH AT LEAST
HALF OF THE CWA ALREADY...BUT THE DEWPOINT AXIS IS WELL BEHIND THE
FRONT...STRETCHING SSW-TO-NNE THROUGH EASTERN INDIANA AND
NORTHWEST OHIO AT 19Z.

IT IS WITHIN THIS REGION...VERY SLOWLY SHIFTING EAST THROUGH THE
NEXT FEW HOURS...THAT MOST OF THE SHOWER AND THUNDERSTORM
DEVELOPMENT WILL BE FOCUSED. GIVEN THE LACK OF STRONG
FORCING...COVERAGE IS NOT EXPECTED TO BE GREAT. STRONG STORMS ARE
UNLIKELY GIVEN THE MINIMAL WIND SHEAR...BUT SLOW STORM MOTION MAY
RESULT IN SOME HEAVY RAINFALL IN ONE OR TWO VERY LOCALIZED PLACES.

EVEN AS THE CONVECTION WANES OVERNIGHT...THE MOISTURE AND CLOUD
COVER WILL KEEP MIN TEMPERATURES FROM DROPPING VERY FAR. SO...EVEN
BEHIND THE COLD FRONT...UPPER 50S TO LOWER 60S ARE EXPECTED (MAYBE
SLIGHTLY LOWER IN THE FAR NORTHWEST). THUS...WILL RUN THE FORECAST
A FEW DEGREES ABOVE GUIDANCE TEMPERATURES.

&&

.SHORT TERM /6 AM TUESDAY MORNING THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/...
A CLOSED UPPER LOW IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP IN THE CAROLINAS BY
LATE TUESDAY...WITH WEAK SURFACE LOW PRESSURE EXTENDING NORTH INTO
THE MIDDLE APPALACHIANS (SOMEWHAT A REMNANT OF THE FRONT AND LOW
CROSSING THE AREA TODAY). SHOWERS AND POSSIBLY SOME WEAK
THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE IN THE REGIONS CLOSEST TO THIS
FEATURE...MAINLY THE SOUTHEAST PART OF THE CWA...ON BOTH TUESDAY
AND WEDNESDAY. THE WEATHER GRIDS ARE SKEWED HEAVILY TOWARD THE
DIURNAL CYCLE...AS THE WEAK FORCING INDICATES THAT THIS WILL
PRIMARILY BE AN INSTABILITY-DRIVEN SITUATION.

AT THE SAME TIME...A NARROW RIDGE OF HIGH PRESSURE WILL BE MOVING
INTO THE GREAT LAKES AND LOWER OHIO VALLEY REGIONS. THE PRESSURE
PATTERN WILL BECOME RATHER DIFFUSE BY WEDNESDAY...WITH MEAN
SOUTHERLY FLOW BEGINNING TO SET UP AS THE PRESSURE GRADIENT TO THE
WEST BEGINS TO TIGHTEN ON WEDNESDAY NIGHT AND INTO THURSDAY.

THE ECMWF IS A LITTLE BIT SLOWER IN MOVING THE UPPER LOW OUT OF
THE SOUTH...BUT THE OVERALL PATTERN IS IN AGREEMENT BETWEEN
MODELS...WITH A WARMING AND DRYING TREND DURING THE TUESDAY
THROUGH THURSDAY PERIOD.

&&

.LONG TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
PESKY UPR LVL CLOSED LOW TO THE SOUTHEAST OF THE REGION IS EXPECTED
TO OPEN UP AND EJECT TO THE NE AS AN UPR LVL HIGH BEGINS TO
BUILD ACRS THE WRN FORECAST AREA ON THURSDAY. THERE COULD STILL BE A
VERY SMALL CHANCE FOR A POP UP SHOWER OR STORM THURSDAY IN THE FAR
SE...BUT HAVE DECIDED TO STILL KEEP THE FORECAST DRY. TEMPERATURES
WILL CONTINUE TO WARM TO ABOVE NORMAL READINGS.

FOR THURSDAY NIGHT INTO SUNDAY...UPR LVL RIDGE WILL CONTINUE TO
BUILD INTO THE OHIO VALLEY. A COLD FRONT WILL TRY TO NUDGE SOUTHWARD
CLOSE TO THE FAR NRN ZONES FRIDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING. HAVE KEPT
IT DRY BUT IF THE FRONT GETS TOO CLOSE...A SLIGHT CHANCE OF A SHOWER
OR STORM MAY HAVE TO BE ADDED. FOR SATURDAY INTO SATURDAY
NIGHT...HAVE TAKEN A BLEND OF THE 00Z ECMWF AND NCEP/HPC WHICH KEEPS
THE FRONT JUST NEAR OUR FAR NRN/NERN BORDER. HAVE KEPT A SLIGHT
CHANCE OF PCPN FOR THESE LOCATIONS DURING THE AFTN AND EVENING.
ON SUNDAY...RIDGE IS EXPECTED TO HAVE ITS BEST INFLUENCE ON THE
REGION...SO SKIES SHOULD BE MOSTLY SUNNY WITH WEAK FRONTAL BOUNDARY
EITHER DISSIPATING OR PUSHING NE OF THE REGION. DRY WX IS EXPECTED.
AS FOR TEMPERATURES...THEY WILL WARM SLIGHTLY EACH DAY WITH HOT
WEATHER EXPECTED THIS WEEKEND WITH HIGHS LOWER 90S.

ON MONDAY...MEMORIAL DAY...UPR LVL RIDGE WILL BEGIN TO WEAKEN AND
MOVE OFF TO THE EAST. TEMPERATURES WILL STILL BE HOT...AROUND 90.  A
POP UP SHOWER OR THUNDERSTORM IS POSSIBLE DURING THE HEAT OF THE DAY
AS CAP ALOFT WEAKENS.

&&

.AVIATION /20Z MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
ONGOING CONVECTION IS STARTING TO FIRE OVER MUCH OF THE REGION AND
WILL SPREAD EASTWARD THIS EARLY EVENING TO AFFECT CENTRAL OHIO TAF
SITES LATER TODAY. OUTSIDE OF THE SHOWERS WITH ISOLATED
THUNDERSTORMS...VFR CONDITIONS SHOULD PREVAIL.

OUTLOOK...NO SIGNIFICANT WEATHER IS EXPECTED.

&&

.ILN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OH...NONE.
KY...NONE.
IN...NONE.

&&

SYNOPSIS...HATZOS
NEAR TERM...HATZOS
SHORT TERM...HATZOS
LONG TERM...HICKMAN
AVIATION...FRANKS

Hazardous weather outlook, May 21, 5:00 AM EDT, 11 hours 49 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
500 AM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

INZ050-058-059-066-073>075-080-KYZ089>100-OHZ026-034-035-042>046-
051>056-060>065-070>074-077>082-088-220900-
WAYNE-FAYETTE IN-UNION IN-FRANKLIN IN-RIPLEY-DEARBORN-OHIO-
SWITZERLAND-CARROLL-GALLATIN-BOONE-KENTON-CAMPBELL-OWEN-GRANT-
PENDLETON-BRACKEN-ROBERTSON-MASON-LEWIS-HARDIN-MERCER-AUGLAIZE-DARKE-
SHELBY-LOGAN-UNION OH-DELAWARE-MIAMI-CHAMPAIGN-CLARK-MADISON-
FRANKLIN OH-LICKING-PREBLE-MONTGOMERY-GREENE-FAYETTE OH-PICKAWAY-
FAIRFIELD-BUTLER-WARREN-CLINTON-ROSS-HOCKING-HAMILTON-CLERMONT-BROWN-
HIGHLAND-ADAMS-PIKE-SCIOTO-
500 AM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR EAST CENTRAL
INDIANA...SOUTHEAST INDIANA...NORTHEAST KENTUCKY...NORTHERN
KENTUCKY...CENTRAL OHIO...MIAMI VALLEY OF OHIO...SOUTH CENTRAL
OHIO...SOUTHWEST OHIO AND WEST CENTRAL OHIO.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, May 21, 3:47 PM EDT, 1 hour 2 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
347 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

OHZ078-212015-
CLERMONT OH-
347 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT WESTERN CLERMONT COUNTY THROUGH
415 PM EDT...

AT 348 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR
SUMMERSIDE...MOVING SOUTH AT 5 MPH.

WIND GUSTS TO 30 MPH AND ONE HALF INCH DIAMETER HAIL ARE POSSIBLE
WITH THIS STORM.

SOME LOCATIONS THAT MAY BE AFFECTED INCLUDE...WITHAMSVILLE...BATAVIA
AND AMELIA.

ALSO...MOUNT CARMEL AND WILLOWVILLE ARE NEAR THE PATH OF THIS STRONG
THUNDERSTORM.

LAT...LON 3902 8432 3907 8432 3907 8431 3917 8430
      3919 8428 3919 8424 3903 8410 3902 8431

Special weather statement, May 21, 4:01 PM EDT, 48 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
401 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

KYZ099-100-OHZ079-081-212015-
LEWIS KY-MASON KY-ADAMS OH-BROWN OH-
401 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHEASTERN BROWN...
SOUTHWESTERN ADAMS...EASTERN MASON AND NORTHWESTERN LEWIS COUNTIES
THROUGH 415 PM EDT...

AT 400 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR
BRADYSVILLE...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 5 MPH.

WIND GUSTS TO 30 MPH AND ONE HALF INCH DIAMETER HAIL ARE POSSIBLE
WITH THIS STORM.

SOME LOCATIONS THAT MAY BE AFFECTED INCLUDE...MANCHESTER.

ALSO...BENTONVILLE...BRADYSVILLE...SOMO AND TRINITY ARE NEAR THE PATH
OF THIS STRONG THUNDERSTORM.

LAT...LON 3867 8350 3856 8374 3875 8379 3880 8368

Special weather statement, May 21, 4:25 PM EDT, 24 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
425 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

KYZ093-OHZ077-078-212045-
CAMPBELL KY-HAMILTON OH-CLERMONT OH-
425 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT WESTERN CLERMONT...SOUTHEASTERN
HAMILTON AND CAMPBELL COUNTIES THROUGH 445 PM EDT...

AT 422 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR CHERRY
GROVE...MOVING SOUTH AT 15 MPH.

WIND GUSTS TO 30 MPH AND ONE HALF INCH DIAMETER HAIL ARE POSSIBLE
WITH THIS STORM.

SOME LOCATIONS THAT MAY BE AFFECTED INCLUDE...
WITHAMSVILLE...MELBOURNE...AMELIA...NEW PALESTINE...
LINDALE...BLAIRSVILLE...AND NEW RICHMOND.

LAT...LON 3897 8418 3893 8427 3896 8437 3913 8442
      3914 8430

HATZOS

Special weather statement, May 21, 4:25 PM EDT, 24 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
425 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

OHZ080-212045-
HIGHLAND OH-
425 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT CENTRAL HIGHLAND COUNTY THROUGH
445 PM EDT...

AT 424 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR RUSSELL...
MOVING NORTH AT 5 MPH.

WIND GUSTS TO 30 MPH AND ONE HALF INCH DIAMETER HAIL ARE POSSIBLE
WITH THIS STORM.

SOME LOCATIONS THAT MAY BE AFFECTED INCLUDE...HILLSBORO AND
LYNCHBURG.

ALSO...RUSSELL IS NEAR THE PATH OF THIS STRONG THUNDERSTORM.

LAT...LON 3922 8382 3923 8380 3926 8379 3928 8375
      3931 8361 3910 8351 3905 8377

Special weather statement, May 21, 4:34 PM EDT, 15 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
434 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

KYZ100-OHZ081-212100-
LEWIS KY-ADAMS OH-
434 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHERN ADAMS AND NORTHERN
LEWIS COUNTIES THROUGH 500 PM EDT...

AT 430 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR STATE
ROUTE 348 AT STATE ROUTE 125...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 5 MPH.

WIND GUSTS TO 30 MPH AND ONE HALF INCH DIAMETER HAIL ARE POSSIBLE
WITH THIS STORM.

THE STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF NORTHERN
LEWIS AND SOUTHERN ADAMS COUNTIES...INCLUDING BLUE CREEK...CARRS...
CONCORD AND ROME.

LAT...LON 3878 8361 3889 8343 3874 8327 3872 8327
      3860 8347

Special weather statement, May 21, 4:46 PM EDT, 3 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
446 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

OHZ079-081-212115-
ADAMS OH-BROWN OH-
446 PM EDT MON MAY 21 2012

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHEASTERN BROWN AND
SOUTHWESTERN ADAMS COUNTIES THROUGH 515 PM EDT...

AT 443 PM EDT...RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR REDOAK...
MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 5 MPH.

WIND GUSTS TO 30 MPH AND PENNY SIZE HAIL ARE POSSIBLE WITH THIS
STORM.

THE STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF
SOUTHEASTERN BROWN AND SOUTHWESTERN ADAMS COUNTIES...INCLUDING
BRADYSVILLE AND BENTONVILLE.

LAT...LON 3876 8352 3865 8371 3877 8387 3887 8373

The office that day

Everything else NWS Wilmington, OH issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
May 21, 3:47 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Clermont	28 min
May 21, 4:25 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Highland	20 min
May 21, 4:34 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Adams	26 min
May 21, 4:46 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Adams	29 min
May 21, 5:04 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	ILN	Adams, Brown	2 hr
May 21, 5:17 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	ILN	Highland	2 hr
May 21, 5:19 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Highland	56 min
May 21, 5:41 PM EDT	Flash Flood Warning	ILN	Adams, Brown	3 hr
May 21, 6:02 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	ILN	Highland	2 hr
May 21, 6:38 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	ILN	Highland	37 min
May 21, 6:45 PM EDT	Flash Flood Warning	ILN	Highland	3 hr
May 21, 6:48 PM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	ILN	Brown	3 hr

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Ohio, 2012 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.