Alert archive / South Carolina / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2012

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 177, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC

May 17, 2012Chester County, Union County, South Carolina

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 17, 2012, 12:29 PM EDT for Chester County, Union County, South Carolina. It was in force for 55 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
May 17, 2012, 12:29 PM EDT (16:29 UTC)
Expired
May 17, 2012, 1:24 PM EDT
In force
55 min
Issued by
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
Area
Storm-based polygon

Counties Chester County, SC, Union County, SC

The radar

The Columbia radar (KCAE), 72 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 16:29 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC (KGSO), launched 12:00Z, 4.5 hours before the alert went out and 223 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC at 12:00Z on 2012-05-17Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC at 12:00Z on 2012-05-17The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -6 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1894 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
5 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-6 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
3 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

125 
WUUS52 KGSP 171629
SVRGSP
SCC023-087-171745-
/O.NEW.KGSP.SV.W.0177.120517T1629Z-120517T1745Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1229 PM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  SOUTHWESTERN CHESTER COUNTY IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...
  SOUTHEASTERN UNION COUNTY IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...

* UNTIL 145 PM EDT

* AT 1227 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL...AND
  DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 6 MILES
  NORTHWEST OF BLACKSTOCK...OR 8 MILES SOUTH OF CHESTER...AND MOVING
  SOUTHWEST AT 15 MPH.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT LOCATIONS NEAR...
  CARLISLE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THESE STORMS ARE CAPABLE OF BLOWING DOWN SCATTERED TREES AND POWER
LINES. SEEK SHELTER INSIDE AN INTERIOR ROOM.

TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...HAIL...OR FLOODING THROUGH OUR AUTOMATED
REPORTING SYSTEM...CALL TOLL FREE...1 8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2.

&&

LAT...LON 3446 8157 3447 8156 3456 8167 3468 8145
      3467 8119 3456 8122 3456 8141 3456 8142
      3450 8141 3449 8144 3448 8149 3444 8154
TIME...MOT...LOC 1629Z 067DEG 13KT 3460 8126

$$

NED
2 follow-up statements
124 
WWUS52 KGSP 171657
SVSGSP

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1257 PM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

SCC023-087-171745-
/O.CON.KGSP.SV.W.0177.000000T0000Z-120517T1745Z/
CHESTER SC-UNION SC-
1257 PM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR SOUTHEASTERN
UNION AND SOUTHWESTERN CHESTER COUNTIES IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA
UNTIL 145 PM EDT...

AT 1251 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL...AND
DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR
CARLISLE...OR 16 MILES SOUTHEAST OF UNION...MOVING WEST AT 20 MPH.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT LOCATIONS NEAR...
   HERBERT.
   TUCKERTOWN.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THESE STORMS ARE CAPABLE OF BLOWING DOWN SCATTERED TREES AND POWER
LINES. SEEK SHELTER INSIDE AN INTERIOR ROOM.

TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...HAIL...OR FLOODING THROUGH OUR AUTOMATED
REPORTING SYSTEM...CALL TOLL FREE...1 8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2.

&&

LAT...LON 3446 8157 3447 8156 3456 8167 3468 8145
      3467 8122 3456 8126 3456 8142 3450 8141
      3449 8144 3448 8149 3444 8154
TIME...MOT...LOC 1655Z 072DEG 16KT 3454 8145

$$

NED
677 
WWUS52 KGSP 171724
SVSGSP

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
124 PM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

SCC023-087-171734-
/O.CAN.KGSP.SV.W.0177.000000T0000Z-120517T1745Z/
CHESTER SC-UNION SC-
124 PM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN UNION AND
SOUTHWESTERN CHESTER COUNTIES IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA IS
CANCELLED...

THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS MOVED OUT OF THIS AREA.

LAT...LON 3446 8157 3447 8156 3456 8167 3468 8145
      3467 8122 3456 8126 3456 8142 3450 8141
      3449 8144 3448 8149 3444 8154
TIME...MOT...LOC 1724Z 072DEG 16KT 3450 8160

$$

NED

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 17, 11:10 AM EDT, 1 hour 19 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 17, 11:10 AM EDT, 1 hour 19 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1110 AM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

.SYNOPSIS...
AN UPPER LEVEL TROF OF LOW PRESSURE WILL MOVE EAST ACROSS THE AREA
THROUGH EARLY FRIDAY. STRONG HIGH PRESSURE WILL THEN BUILD IN FROM
THE NORTH AND REMAIN THROUGH MONDAY. A COLD FRONT WILL APPROACH THE
AREA FROM THE WEST ON TUESDAY.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/...
AS OF 1105 AM...MESOSCALE MODELS AND AN IMPROVED SATELLITE
PRESENTATION INDICATE THAT THE UPPER LOW DOWN ACROSS THE MIDLANDS
AND NE GA HAS BECOME A LITTLE STRONGER THIS MORNING. THE NAM HAS A
GOOD UPPER DIVERGENCE MAX DOWN ACROSS THE MIDLANDS THIS AFTN. THE
NAM ALSO HAS SB-CAPE VALUES BETWEEN 1000-2000 J/KG OVER A GOOD BIT
OF THE FA THIS AFTN. THEREFORE...I/VE RAISED POPS INTO THE CHANCE
CATEGORY ACROSS MOST OF THE MTNS AND FOOTHILLS WHERE INCREASING ESE
UPSLOPE FLOW WILL POOL MOISTURE AND PROVIDE SUFFICIENT ASCENT FOR
CONVECTION. POPS HAVE ALSO BEEN RAISED INTO THE CHANCE RANGE ACROSS
THE SE TIER OF COUNTIES WHERE THE BACK EDGE OF DEFORMATION ZONE
ENHANCED PCPN WILL DEVELOP THIS AFTN. POPS HAVE ALSO BEEN INCREASED
WELL INTO THE LATE EVENING HOURS...TO MATCH A PERIOD OF INCREASED
CONVECTIVE COVERAGE SEEN ACROSS THE BLUE RIDGE ON THE NAM AND THE
HRRR.

AS OF 0650 AM...ENOUGH MOISTURE AND LOW LVL CONVERGENCE REMAIN OVER
THE FAR S CWA TO MAINTAIN SLIGHT CHC POPS FOR A COUPLE MORE HOURS
AND CURRENT GRIDDED FIELDS HAVE THIS COVERED. MAINLY TWEAKED HOURLY
TEMP/DP/RH WITH LATEST TRENDS FOR THIS UPDATE.

WEAK UPPER TROF WILL MOVE OVER THE AREA THIS MRNG WITH A CLOSED
UPPER LOW DEVELOPING OVER THE MIDLANDS THIS AFTN-TONIGHT. LOOKS LIKE
THIS SHOULD STILL PUT THE CWA UNDER WEAK NVA ALOFT. AT THE SAME TIME
A WEAK COLD FRONT WILL BEGIN TO PUSH IN FROM THE NE. IT STILL
APPEARS THAT MAINLY THE MTNS AND ADJACENT FOOTHILLS WILL SEE LLVL
MOISTURE POOLING...WITH A SLIGHT CHC OF SHWRS/TSTMS THIS AFTN...BUT
NEWER NAM RUN INDICATES SOME MOISTURE WRAPPING AROUND THE 850MB LOW
SO ISOLD CONVECTION COULD FAN OUT ACROSS THE PIEDMONT AS WELL...
MAINLY OUR W AND S SECTIONS. TEMPS WILL WARM TO ABOVE AVG BY MID
DAY. THE UPPER LOW WILL TRACK SLOWLY E TOWARD THE COAST TONIGHT. THE
NAM CONTINUES TO WRAP MOISTURE AROUND THE LOW LVL CIRCULATION WHILE
THE GFS KEEPS AREA DRY. DECIDED TO LEAN TOWARD THE DRYER GFS WHICH
IS SUPPORTED BY THE ECMWF. MRNG LOWS WILL BE SLIGHTLY ABOVE AVG.

&&

.SHORT TERM /FRIDAY THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT/...
AS OF 320 AM THURSDAY...AN INTERESTING PATTERN IS SHAPING UP FOR THE
SHORT RANGE. THE PERSISTENT AND BROAD UPPER TROF WILL LINGER OVER
THE SE/RN CONUS WHILE A FAIRLY STRONG RIDGE BUILDS AND MOVES EAST
ATOP THE TROF ACROSS THE HIGHER LATITUDES. THE TROF AXIS WILL
GENERALLY MOVE SLOWLY EAST AND PROBABLY EVOLVE INTO A WEAK BUT
NOTICEABLE CUTOFF LOW. THE TROF IS THEN EXPECTED TO RETROGRADE BY
LATE SUN. FOR THE SENSIBLE CWFA WX HOWEVER...THE LLVL WINDS WILL
REMAIN NE/LY TO E/LY AS THE UPPER RIDGE DOMINATES AND WEDGES A 1024
MB HIGH DOWN THE EAST COAST. THIS WILL MAINTAIN A RATHER STABLE AND
DRY ATMOS OUTSIDE THE HIGHER TERRAIN BOTH FRI AND SAT. BUFR
SOUNDINGS SHOW VERY WEAK  SFC/BASED INSTABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE
MOISTURE FLUX ACROSS THE NC MTNS. THE H85 FLOW BRINGS IN MODEST
AMOUNTS OF ATL MOISTURE TO THE MTNS BY FRI AFTERNOON AND THIS SHOULD
BE ENOUGH TO DEVELOP ISOL/SCT -SHRA/TSTMS FRI AFTERNOON AND MOST
LIKELY LESS COVERAGE AND SAT AFTERNOON. THE MTN TSTMS THAT MAY
DEVELOP WILL BE DIURNALLY DRIVEN AND RELATIVELY WEAK PULSE TYPE. A
GOOD INSOLATION ENVIRONMENT IS EXPECTED BOTH DAYS...SO MAX TEMPS
SHOULD REACH A CAT OR SO ABOVE NORMAL EACH AFTERNOON. GOOD
RADIATIONAL COOL CONDS ARE EXPECTED TOO...SO MINS SHOULD HAVE NO
PROBLEM DROPPING TO NEAR NORMAL...IF NOT A COUPLE DEGREES F BELOW
NORMAL.

&&

.LONG TERM /SUNDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
AS OF 330 AM THURSDAY...NO CHANGES WERE NEEDED TO THE EXT RANGE. THE
UPPER PATTERN HAS THE DOMINANT NRN RIDGE KEEPING THINGS MAINLY DRY
THROUGH SUN WITH AN ADVANCING MOISTURE SUPPLY FROM THE EAST EARLY
MON AS THE UPPER LOW RETROGRADES. THIS LOW IS THEN EXPECTED TO BE
ABSORBED BY THE WESTERLIES...BEFORE ANOTHER L/W TROF MOVES TOWARD
THE MS VALLEY MON NIGHT AND THUS MAINTAINS A MEAN AND BROAD UPPER
LEVEL TROF OVER THE SE CONUS THROUGH THE PERIOD. A COLD FRONT AHEAD
OF THE INCOMING TROF WILL SLOW DOWN AND BECOME STATIONARY MOST LIKELY
JUST SOUTH OF THE CWFA LATE TUE. WITH ABOVE NORMAL TEMPS AND FAIRLY
HIGH TD/S EXPECTED THIS FRONT WILL INSTIGATE A DECENT CHANCE
SHRA/TSTMS MON THROUGH WED. THE GOING GRIDS HAVE THIS SCENARIO WELL
IN HAND WITH THE CHANCE POPS AND WARM TEMPS.

&&

.AVIATION /15Z THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
AT KCLT AND ELSEWHERE...OTHER THAN PATCHY MVFR FOG FIRST HOUR OR
SO...EXPECT WEAK HI PRES BUILDING IN FROM THE NE TO KEEP THINGS
QUIET ALL TERMINALS THIS MRNG. THERE WILL BE ENOUGH MOISTURE AND LOW
LVL CONVERGENCE FOR SLIGHT CHC SHWRS/TSTMS...MAINLY MTNS AND
ADJACENT FOOTHILLS...THIS AFTN. LGT N WINDS WILL VEER NE BY THIS
AFTN...SE KAVL. THERE COULD BE ISOLD G16KT EARLY BUT WINDS SHUD STAY
10KT OR LESS.

OUTLOOK...EXPECT ISOLD LATE DAY SHOWERS AND TSTMS FRI...ESP MTNS.
THEN DRYING OVER THE WEEKEND. MRNG FOG WILL BE PSBL...ESP MTN
VALLEYS AND NEAR LAKES/RIVERS.

AN EXPERIMENTAL AVIATION FORECAST CONSISTENCY TABLE SHOWING THE
PERCENTAGE OF GUIDANCE MEMBERS AGREEING WITH THE SCHEDULED ISSUANCE
CATEGORY IS AVAILABLE AT FOLLOWING LINK (USE LOWER CASE)...

WWW.WEATHER.GOV/GSP/AVIATION/TABLES.HTM

&&

.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...NONE.
NC...NONE.
SC...NONE.

&&

SYNOPSIS...SBK
NEAR TERM...MCAVOY
SHORT TERM...SBK
LONG TERM...SBK
AVIATION...RB
Hazardous weather outlook, May 17, 5:18 AM EDT, 7 hours 11 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
518 AM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033-035>037-048>053-056>059-062>065-
068>072-082-501>510-SCZ001>014-019-180930-
RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-AVERY-ALEXANDER-
IREDELL-DAVIE-MADISON-YANCEY-MITCHELL-SWAIN-HAYWOOD-BUNCOMBE-CATAWBA-
ROWAN-GRAHAM-NORTHERN JACKSON-MACON-SOUTHERN JACKSON-TRANSYLVANIA-
HENDERSON-CLEVELAND-LINCOLN-GASTON-MECKLENBURG-CABARRUS-UNION NC-
CALDWELL MOUNTAINS-GREATER CALDWELL-BURKE MOUNTAINS-GREATER BURKE-
MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS-EASTERN MCDOWELL-RUTHERFORD MOUNTAINS-
GREATER RUTHERFORD-POLK MOUNTAINS-EASTERN POLK-OCONEE MOUNTAINS-
PICKENS MOUNTAINS-GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS-GREATER OCONEE-
GREATER PICKENS-GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-CHEROKEE-YORK-
ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE-LAURENS-UNION SC-CHESTER-GREENWOOD-
518 AM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHEAST GEORGIA...PIEDMONT
NORTH CAROLINA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT.

ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP ACROSS THE NORTH CAROLINA
MOUNTAINS AND ADJACENT FOOTHILLS THIS AFTERNOON. THE MAIN THREAT
WITH THESE STORMS WILL BE CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING AND BRIEF
HEAVY RAINFALL.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

NONE.

KRENTZ

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 17, 10:20 AM EDT, 2 hours 9 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1020 AM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1150 PM     HAIL             ROEBUCK                 34.88N 81.96W
05/16/2012  E0.75 INCH       SPARTANBURG        SC   PUBLIC

            DIME SIZE HAIL AND SMALL BRANCHES BLOWN DOWN.

&&

MCAVOY
Local storm report, May 17, 11:11 AM EDT, 1 hour 18 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1111 AM EDT THU MAY 17 2012

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1208 AM     HAIL             2 SE ROEBUCK            34.85N 81.93W
05/17/2012  E1.00 INCH       SPARTANBURG        SC   PUBLIC

            QUARTER SIZED HAIL ON TEMPLETON DRIVE. TIME ESTIMATED BY
            RADAR.

1208 AM     TSTM WND DMG     2 SE ROEBUCK            34.86N 81.94W
05/17/2012                   SPARTANBURG        SC   PUBLIC

            SEVERAL TREES DOWN ON TEMPLETON DRIVE. TIME ESTIMATED BY
            RADAR.

&&

OUTLAW

The office that day

Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
May 16, 9:37 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPCherokee, York53 min
May 16, 9:43 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPOconee47 min
May 16, 10:15 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPCherokee45 min
May 16, 10:30 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryGSPCherokee3 hr
May 16, 10:36 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPCherokee, Spartanburg, Union54 min
May 16, 10:45 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPAnderson, Oconee, Pickens34 min
May 16, 11:14 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPGreenville, Spartanburg46 min
May 16, 11:34 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPLaurens41 min
May 16, 11:38 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPGreenville, Laurens67 min
May 17, 12:10 AM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryGSPGreenville, Laurens, Spartanburg4 hr
May 17, 12:23 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPAnderson52 min
May 17, 1:16 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPLaurens44 min
May 17, 1:38 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPGreenwood52 min
May 17, 1:56 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPGreenwood64 min
May 17, 11:57 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPChester49 min
May 17, 1:14 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPLaurens31 min
May 17, 1:15 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPChester30 min
May 17, 1:20 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPAbbeville, Greenwood, Laurens55 min
May 17, 2:13 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPAbbeville, Greenwood, Laurens61 min
May 17, 2:41 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPAbbeville, Greenwood51 min
May 17, 3:04 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPChester41 min
May 17, 3:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPAbbeville32 min
May 17, 4:25 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPChester50 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in South Carolina, 2012Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2012

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.