Alert archive / Indiana / Tornado Warnings in 2011

Tornado Warning 164, NWS Paducah, KY

May 25, 2011Gibson County, Posey County, Vanderburgh County, Indiana

NWS Paducah, KY issued this tornado warning at May 25, 2011, 8:08 PM CDT for Gibson County, Posey County, Vanderburgh County, Indiana. It was in force for 37 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: May 25, 2011, 8:08 PM CDT (01:08 UTC)
Expired: May 25, 2011, 8:45 PM CDT
In force: 37 min
Issued by: NWS Paducah, KY
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Gibson County, IN, Posey County, IN, Vanderburgh County, IN

The radar

The Evansville,IN radar (KVWX), 16 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 01:09 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
May 25, 8:15 PM CDT	TSTM WND DMG	St. Joseph, IN	POWER LINES DOWN AND TRANSFORMERS POPPING.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this tornado warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
May 25, 11:09 AM CDT	Tornado Watch PDS	SPC	10 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), launched 00:00Z, 1.1 hours before the alert went out and 242 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 1870 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -24 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1479 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 45 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 212 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 334 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 1.5
Supercell composite: 14.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

535 
WFUS53 KPAH 260108
TORPAH
INC051-129-163-260145-
/O.NEW.KPAH.TO.W.0164.110526T0108Z-110526T0145Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
808 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PADUCAH HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WARNING FOR...
  SOUTH CENTRAL GIBSON COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST INDIANA...
  EAST CENTRAL POSEY COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST INDIANA...
  NORTHERN VANDERBURGH COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST INDIANA...

* UNTIL 845 PM CDT.

* AT 804 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR DETECTED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO NEAR
  BLAIRSVILLE...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 70 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE...
  KASSON...
  BLAIRSVILLE...
  CYNTHIANA...
  DARMSTADT...
  HAUBSTADT...
  MELODY HILL...
  FORT BRANCH...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

NOW IS THE TIME TO IMPLEMENT YOUR TORNADO PLAN OF ACTION. SEEK
SHELTER INDOORS IN A BASEMENT...OR IN AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST
FLOOR OF A HOME OR BUILDING.

&&

LAT...LON 3835 8748 3804 8748 3793 8776 3809 8786
TIME...MOT...LOC 0108Z 244DEG 63KT 3806 8768

$$

2 follow-up statements

106 
WWUS53 KPAH 260118
SVSPAH

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
818 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

INC129-260127-
/O.CAN.KPAH.TO.W.0164.000000T0000Z-110526T0145Z/
POSEY IN-
818 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR EAST CENTRAL POSEY COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST
INDIANA IS CANCELLED...

LAT...LON 3804 8748 3795 8771 3820 8770 3835 8748
TIME...MOT...LOC 0117Z 227DEG 54KT 3818 8760

$$

INC051-163-260145-
/O.CON.KPAH.TO.W.0164.000000T0000Z-110526T0145Z/
VANDERBURGH IN-GIBSON IN-
818 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 845 PM CDT FOR SOUTH
CENTRAL GIBSON AND NORTHERN VANDERBURGH COUNTIES IN SOUTHWEST
INDIANA...

AT 813 PM CDT...EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT REPORTED DAMAGE JUST SOUTH OF 
BLAIRSVILLE. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 5 MILES SOUTHWEST OF 
HAUBSTADT...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 60 MPH.

LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE FORT BRANCH.

LAT...LON 3804 8748 3795 8771 3820 8770 3835 8748
TIME...MOT...LOC 0117Z 227DEG 54KT 3818 8760

$$

713 
WWUS53 KPAH 260131 RRA
SVSPAH

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
831 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

INC163-260141-
/O.CAN.KPAH.TO.W.0164.000000T0000Z-110526T0145Z/
VANDERBURGH IN-
831 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR NORTHERN VANDERBURGH COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST
INDIANA IS CANCELLED...

LAT...LON 3817 8748 3817 8769 3818 8770 3820 8770
      3835 8748
TIME...MOT...LOC 0131Z 227DEG 54KT 3831 8743

$$

INC051-260145-
/O.CON.KPAH.TO.W.0164.000000T0000Z-110526T0145Z/
GIBSON IN-
831 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 845 PM CDT FOR SOUTH
CENTRAL GIBSON COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST INDIANA...

AT 827 PM CDT...TRAINED WEATHER SPOTTERS REPORTED A FUNNEL CLOUD. 
THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 5 MILES EAST OF FORT BRANCH...MOVING NORTHEAST
AT 60 MPH.


LAT...LON 3817 8748 3817 8769 3818 8770 3820 8770
      3835 8748
TIME...MOT...LOC 0131Z 227DEG 54KT 3831 8743

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Paducah, KY wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at May 25, 1:36 PM CDT, 6 hours 32 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 25, 1:36 PM CDT, 6 hours 32 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
136 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

.DISCUSSION...
BIGGEST CHALLENGE WILL BE THE DETAILS ASSOCIATED WITH A
POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK OVER THE NEXT 10-12
HOURS OR SO.

WILL KEEP THIS BRIEF WITH ONSET OF SEVERE WEATHER IMMINENT. STRONG
SFC AND UPPER LOW MOVING EASTWARD OUT OF THE PLAINS WILL PUSH A
COLD FRONT ACROSS OUR CWA THIS EVENING. IN THE MEANTIME...WITH
SFC TEMPS IN THE LOW 80S AND SFC DEWPOINTS NEAR 70...THE ATMOSPHERE
HAS BECOME VERY UNSTABLE ACROSS THE AREA. THIS COMBINED WITH
FAVORABLE DEEP LAYER SHEAR...JET DYNAMICS...AND HUGE AMOUNTS OF
CAPE AND HELICITY HAS SET THE STAGE FOR A WIDESPREAD OUTBREAK OF
SEVERE WEATHER INCLUDING LARGE LONG-TRACK TORNADOES...VERY LARGE
HAIL...AND INTENSE STRAIGHT LINE WINDS (DOWNBURSTS).

LATEST RADAR IMAGES ARE SHOWING SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS OVER
THE NORTHEAST SECTIONS OF OUR CWA...BUT THESE STORMS HAVE
REMAINED BELOW SEVERE LEVELS SO FAR. THE LACK OF CONVECTION
ELSEWHERE ACROSS OUR CWA CORRESPONDS WELL TO A POCKET OF 9-10C
WARM AIR IN THE MID LEVELS. THE THINKING IS THAT AS THE SEVERE
CONVECTION TO OUR WEST BEGINS TO MOVE INTO THE WESTERN SECTIONS
WITHIN THE NEXT COUPLE OF HOURS...THE CAP WILL BE BROKEN AND
THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT WILL BE VERY RAPID AND INTENSE.

MOST LIKELY SCENARIO WILL BE DISCREET SUPERCELLS THIS AFTERNOON
INTO THE EARLY EVENING HOURS...THEN A LINE (QLCS) OF THUNDERSTORMS
WITH EMBEDDED SUPERCELLS THROUGH THE REST OF THE EVENING. EACH
NEW MODEL RUN CONTINUES TO SPEED UP THE EASTWARD PROGRESS OF THIS
SYSTEM...SO THE LATEST THINKING IS THAT THE THREAT FOR SEVERE
WEATHER WILL CLEAR THE EASTERN SECTIONS OF OUR CWA SHORTLY AFTER
MIDNIGHT.

PRECIP CHANCES WILL LINGER INTO THURSDAY NIGHT ON THE BACK SIDE OF
THIS SYSTEM. AFTER A BRIEF RESPITE ON FRIDAY...THE COMBINATION OF
UPPER LEVEL ENERGY AND THE APPROACH OF A FRONTAL SYSTEM WILL BRING
PRECIP CHANCES TO THE HEARTLAND FRIDAY NIGHT INTO SATURDAY.

BEYOND SATURDAY AN UPPER RIDGE ESTABLISHES ITSELF OVER OUR AREA
THROUGH THE REST OF THE PERIOD...ESPECIALLY PER THE ECMWF. THE GFS
CRANKS OUT A BIT OF PRECIP NEXT WEDNESDAY AND WEDNESDAY NIGHT AS
IT DROPS A FRONT INTO OUR AREA. THE ECMWF CONTINUES TO KEEP THE
RIDGE OVER OUR AREA WITH NO PRECIP SO FOR NOW WILL KEEP IT DRY.

&&
.AVIATION...
SEVERE STORMS WILL GRADUALLY INCREASE IN COVERAGE DURING THE
AFTERNOON...PEAKING WITH THE PASSAGE OF A COLD FRONT THIS EVENING.
HIGHEST CHANCES FOR CONVECTION AT EACH TAF SITE APPEAR TO BE LATE IN
THE AFTERNOON AND EARLY IN THE EVENING. HOWEVER...ISOLATED
SUPERCELLS COULD OCCUR AT ANY TIME. IN ADDITION TO LOCALLY DAMAGING
WINDS...LARGE HAIL AND TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE. THE CONVECTION WILL
END WITH THE PASSAGE OF THE FRONT LATE THIS EVENING. SOME LOW CLOUDS
WILL ARRIVE BY 12Z THURSDAY...WITH MVFR CIGS LIKELY DURING THE
MORNING.

&&

.PAH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
KY...LAKE WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 8 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR BALLARD-
     CALDWELL-CALLOWAY-CARLISLE-CHRISTIAN-CRITTENDEN-DAVIESS-
     FULTON-GRAVES-HENDERSON-HICKMAN-HOPKINS-LIVINGSTON-LYON-
     MARSHALL-MCCRACKEN-MCLEAN-MUHLENBERG-TODD-TRIGG-UNION KY-
     WEBSTER.

MO...LAKE WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 8 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR BOLLINGER-
     BUTLER-CAPE GIRARDEAU-CARTER-MISSISSIPPI-NEW MADRID-PERRY
     MO-RIPLEY-SCOTT-STODDARD-WAYNE MO.

IL...LAKE WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 8 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR ALEXANDER-
     EDWARDS-FRANKLIN-GALLATIN-HAMILTON-HARDIN-JACKSON-JEFFERSON-
     JOHNSON-MASSAC-PERRY IL-POPE-PULASKI-SALINE-UNION IL-WABASH-
     WAYNE IL-WHITE-WILLIAMSON.

IN...LAKE WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 8 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR GIBSON-PIKE-
     POSEY-SPENCER-VANDERBURGH-WARRICK.

&&

MY/JAP

Hazardous weather outlook, May 25, 8:13 AM CDT, 11 hours 55 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
813 AM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

ILZ075>078-080>094-INZ081-082-085>088-KYZ001>022-MOZ076-086-087-
100-107>112-114-261315-
JEFFERSON-WAYNE IL-EDWARDS-WABASH-PERRY IL-FRANKLIN-HAMILTON-
WHITE-JACKSON-WILLIAMSON-SALINE-GALLATIN-UNION IL-JOHNSON-POPE-
HARDIN-ALEXANDER-PULASKI-MASSAC-GIBSON-PIKE-POSEY-VANDERBURGH-
WARRICK-SPENCER-FULTON-HICKMAN-CARLISLE-BALLARD-MCCRACKEN-GRAVES-
LIVINGSTON-MARSHALL-CALLOWAY-CRITTENDEN-LYON-TRIGG-CALDWELL-
UNION KY-WEBSTER-HOPKINS-CHRISTIAN-HENDERSON-DAVIESS-MCLEAN-
MUHLENBERG-TODD-PERRY MO-BOLLINGER-CAPE GIRARDEAU-WAYNE MO-CARTER-
RIPLEY-BUTLER-STODDARD-SCOTT-MISSISSIPPI-NEW MADRID-
813 AM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

...AREA UPGRADED TO HIGH RISK...
...WIDESPREAD SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EXPECTED THIS AFTERNOON AND
EVENING...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN
ILLINOIS...SOUTHWEST INDIANA...WESTERN KENTUCKY AND SOUTHEAST
MISSOURI.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

THE ENTIRE QUAD STATE AREA IS IN A HIGH RISK OF SEVERE WEATHER
TODAY AND TONIGHT. THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...AS
THE POTENTIAL EXISTS FOR A SIGNIFICANT AND WIDESPREAD SEVERE
WEATHER EVENT ACROSS THE REGION. SOME LOCATIONS MAY EXPERIENCE 2
OR 3 SEPARATE ROUNDS OF SEVERE WEATHER THROUGH THIS EVENING.

SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP OVER SOUTHEAST MISSOURI AND
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS...POSSIBLY AS EARLY AS THE LATE MORNING HOURS.
VERY STRONG WIND FIELDS AND PLENTIFUL INSTABILITY WILL ALLOW THE
STORMS TO QUICKLY BECOME SEVERE...WITH LARGE HAIL...STRONG
TORNADOES...AND DAMAGING WINDS. THE STORMS WILL MOVE RAPIDLY
NORTHEAST ACROSS THE QUAD STATE REGION THROUGH THE AFTERNOON.
OTHER SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MAY DEVELOP FARTHER EAST ACROSS THE
AREA DURING THE AFTERNOON.

FINALLY...A LINE OF SEVERE STORMS WITH AN INCREASING DAMAGING WIND
THREAT WILL MOVE INTO WESTERN PORTIONS OF THE AREA AROUND 5
PM...AND THEN SWEEP THROUGH THE ENTIRE AREA THROUGH THE EVENING.
TORNADOES...LARGE HAIL...AND HEAVY RAINFALL WILL ALSO BE POSSIBLE
WITH THIS LINE. THE SEVERE WEATHER THREAT SHOULD BE EAST OF THE
ENTIRE AREA BY MIDNIGHT.

OUTSIDE OF THUNDERSTORMS...STRONG SOUTH WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO GUST
25 TO 35 MPH THROUGH THE DAY AND INTO THE EARLY EVENING. CONSULT
THE LAKE WIND ADVISORY FOR DETAILS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY

A FEW THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE AS AN UPPER LEVEL LOW
PRESSURE SYSTEM MOVES EAST THROUGH THE REGION THURSDAY. ANY
THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO REMAIN BELOW SEVERE LIMITS.

ANOTHER UPPER LEVEL STORM SYSTEM WILL SWEEP THROUGH THE AREA WITH
A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY NIGHT. AT THIS TIME...SEVERE
WEATHER IS NOT EXPECTED.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL MOST LIKELY BE NEEDED THROUGHOUT THE AREA
THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

DRS/PS

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 25, 7:59 PM CDT, 9 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
759 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0756 PM     TSTM WND GST     CALVERT CITY            37.03N 88.35W
05/25/2011  E70 MPH          MARSHALL           KY   TRAINED SPOTTER

            WIND GUSTS ESTIMATED. EVENT OCCURRED AT INTERSECTION OF
            HWYS 62 AND 95.

&&

SMITTY

Local storm report, May 25, 8:00 PM CDT, 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
800 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0758 PM     FUNNEL CLOUD     8 N OWENSVILLE          38.39N 87.69W
05/25/2011                   GIBSON             IN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

&&

SMITTY

Local storm report, May 25, 8:01 PM CDT, 7 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
801 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0755 PM     TSTM WND GST     UNIONTOWN               37.77N 87.93W
05/25/2011  M60 MPH          UNION              KY   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

SMITTY

Local storm report, May 25, 8:04 PM CDT, 4 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
804 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0715 PM     TSTM WND DMG     GOREVILLE               37.56N 88.97W
05/25/2011                   JOHNSON            IL   TRAINED SPOTTER

            LATE REPORT...MULTIPLE TREES DOWN WITH SOME HOMES
            RECEIVING MINOR DAMAGE. WINDS WITH THE STORM WERE
            ESTIMATED 60 TO 70 MPH.

&&

SMITTY

Local storm report, May 25, 8:05 PM CDT, 3 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
805 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0804 PM     TSTM WND GST     CALVERT CITY            37.03N 88.35W
05/25/2011  M60 MPH          MARSHALL           KY   NWS EMPLOYEE

&&

SMITTY

Local storm report, May 25, 8:07 PM CDT, 1 minute before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
807 PM CDT WED MAY 25 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0645 PM     TSTM WND DMG     HERRIN                  37.80N 89.03W
05/25/2011                   WILLIAMSON         IL   EMERGENCY MNGR

            UPDATE...HALF DOZEN TREES DOWN WITH WIDESPREAD POWER
            OUTAGES REPORTED THROUGHOUT THE COMMUNITY DUE TO BLOWN
            TRANSFORMERS.

&&

SMITTY

The office that day

Everything else NWS Paducah, KY issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
May 25, 7:27 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	PAH	Posey	33 min
May 25, 7:40 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Posey	65 min
May 25, 7:41 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	PAH	Gibson	34 min
May 25, 7:50 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Gibson, Pike, Posey, Spencer, Vanderburgh, Warrick	55 min
May 25, 8:15 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	PAH	Vanderburgh, Warrick	18 min
May 25, 8:29 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	PAH	Gibson, Pike	31 min
May 25, 8:40 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Gibson, Pike, Spencer, Vanderburgh, Warrick	65 min
May 25, 8:52 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	PAH	Spencer	23 min
May 25, 8:53 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	PAH	Pike, Spencer, Vanderburgh, Warrick	3 hr

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Indiana, 2011 Every tornado warning in 2011 Tornadoes in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.