Alert archive / Indiana / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2011

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 247, NWS Louisville, KY

May 22, 2011Crawford County, Orange County, Washington County, Indiana

NWS Louisville, KY issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 22, 2011, 4:01 PM EDT for Crawford County, Orange County, Washington County, Indiana. It was in force for 29 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: May 22, 2011, 4:01 PM EDT (20:01 UTC)
Expired: May 22, 2011, 4:30 PM EDT
In force: 29 min
Issued by: NWS Louisville, KY
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 0.88 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

Counties Crawford County, IN, Orange County, IN, Washington County, IN

The radar

The Louisville radar (KLVX), 59 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:03 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
May 22, 4:05 PM EDT	HAIL 0.5	English, IN

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
May 22, 2:18 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	7 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Cncnati-Daytn, OH (KILN), launched 12:00Z, 8.0 hours before the alert went out and 247 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 460 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -27 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 720 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 31 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 16 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 4 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.2

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

968 
WUUS53 KLMK 222001
SVRLMK
INC025-117-175-222030-
/O.NEW.KLMK.SV.W.0247.110522T2001Z-110522T2030Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
401 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LOUISVILLE HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHERN CRAWFORD COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  SOUTHEASTERN ORANGE COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...

* UNTIL 430 PM EDT

* AT 359 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS
  OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR BROWNSTOWN...MOVING
  NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH. NICKEL SIZE HAIL MAY ALSO ACCOMPANY THESE
  DAMAGING WINDS.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
  ENGLISH...
  BACON AND MARENGO...
  VALEENE AND PINE VALLEY...
  TROTTER CROSSING AND CHAMBERSBURG...
  REGO AND HARDINSBURG...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL...OR FLOODING TO THE NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...
WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

&&

LAT...LON 3842 8621 3841 8622 3842 8626 3840 8627
      3839 8626 3823 8650 3836 8666 3858 8641
TIME...MOT...LOC 2001Z 225DEG 24KT 3836 8650
WIND...HAIL 60MPH 0.88IN

$$

MP

2 follow-up statements

633 
WWUS53 KLMK 222008
SVSLMK

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
408 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

INC175-222018-
/O.CAN.KLMK.SV.W.0247.000000T0000Z-110522T2030Z/
WASHINGTON IN-
408 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON COUNTY
IS CANCELLED...

TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL...OR FLOODING TO THE NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...
WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

LAT...LON 3850 8631 3842 8631 3829 8649 3839 8662
      3858 8641
TIME...MOT...LOC 2008Z 225DEG 24KT 3839 8646

$$

INC025-117-222030-
/O.CON.KLMK.SV.W.0247.000000T0000Z-110522T2030Z/
ORANGE IN-CRAWFORD IN-
408 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 430 PM EDT
FOR NORTHERN CRAWFORD AND SOUTHEASTERN ORANGE COUNTIES...

AT 403 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN
EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR BROWNSTOWN...MOVING 
NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH. NICKEL SIZE HAIL HAS BEEN REPORTED WITH THIS 
STORM.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
  ENGLISH...
  PINE VALLEY AND YOUNGS CREEK...
  VALEENE...
  CHAMBERSBURG...
  REGO AND TROTTER CROSSING...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL...OR FLOODING TO THE NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...
WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

&&

LAT...LON 3850 8631 3842 8631 3829 8649 3839 8662
      3858 8641
TIME...MOT...LOC 2008Z 225DEG 24KT 3839 8646
WIND...HAIL 60MPH 0.88IN

$$

MP

238 
WWUS53 KLMK 222025
SVSLMK

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
425 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

INC025-117-222035-
/O.EXP.KLMK.SV.W.0247.000000T0000Z-110522T2030Z/
ORANGE IN-CRAWFORD IN-
425 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHERN CRAWFORD AND
SOUTHEASTERN ORANGE COUNTIES WILL EXPIRE AT 430 PM EDT...

THE STORMS THAT PROMPTED THE WARNING HAVE WEAKENED AND ARE NO LONGER
SEVERE. HOWEVER STRONG STORMS REMAIN IN THE AREA. THESE ARE CAPABLE 
OF PRODUCING PERIODS OF HEAVY RAIN...DANGEROUS LIGHTNING...AND GUSTY 
WINDS UP TO 50 MPH.

TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL...OR FLOODING TO THE NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE...CALL TOLL FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...
WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.

LAT...LON 3850 8631 3842 8631 3829 8649 3839 8662
      3858 8641
TIME...MOT...LOC 2025Z 225DEG 24KT 3847 8636

$$

MP

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Louisville, KY wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 22, 2:49 PM EDT, 1 hour 12 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 22, 2:49 PM EDT, 1 hour 12 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
249 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

.SHORT TERM (TONIGHT AND MONDAY)...

THE MAIN CONCERN IN THE NEAR TERM IS THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE WEATHER
THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING. TEMPERATURES HAVE WARMED INTO THE MID
TO UPPER 80S WITH DEWPOINTS IN THE MID TO UPPER 60S. A WEAK
SHORTWAVE IS ALSO ROUNDING THE BASE OF THE UPPER TROUGH. THIS HAS
LED TO AN UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE WITH CAPE VALUES OF 2000+ J/KG THIS
AFTERNOON. THUNDERSTORMS HAVE DEVELOPED ACROSS SOUTHWESTERN
PORTIONS OF THE FORECAST AREA AND WILL TRACK NORTHEAST WITH
SCATTERED THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE ENTIRE AREA LIKELY.
A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH HAS BEEN ISSUED THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH
01Z FOR THE ENTIRE FORECAST AREA. THE MAIN CONCERN WITH STORMS
WILL BE DAMAGING WIND GUSTS. LARGE HAIL WILL BE POSSIBLE AS WELL
IN THE STRONGEST STORMS.

THESE STORMS SHOULD WEAKEN QUITE A BIT AFTER SUNDOWN AND IT IS
POSSIBLE WE WILL SEE A BREAK IN PRECIPITATION LATE THIS EVENING.
HOWEVER IT LOOKS LIKE ANOTHER ROUND OF STORMS WILL MOVE IN AFTER
MIDNIGHT TONIGHT AS ANOTHER SHORTWAVE ROUNDS THE UPPER LEVEL LOW.
THE UPPER LEVEL LOW WILL CROSS THE GREAT LAKES THROUGH TOMORROW AND
A FRONT WILL MOVE SOUTH INTO NORTHERN INDIANA.  MID LEVEL LAPSE
RATES WILL INCREASE WITH THE ATMOSPHERE BECOMING RATHER UNSTABLE.
THE CHANCE FOR SEVERE STORMS WILL CONTINUE TOMORROW ACROSS THE AREA
WITH DAMAGING WINDS BEING THE GREATEST THREAT.

WITH SUSTAINED SOUTHERLY FLOW TEMPERATURES THROUGH THE SHORT TERM
WILL CONTINUE TO BE WARMER THAN NORMAL FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR. LOWS
TONIGHT WILL BE IN THE MID TO UPPER 60S WITH HIGHS TOMORROW TOPPING
OUT IN THE MID TO UPPER 80S ONCE AGAIN.

.LONG TERM (MONDAY NIGHT - SUNDAY)...

PERIODS OF SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS THUNDERSTORMS EXPECTED THRU FRIDAY
UNTIL COLD FROPA FRI NIGHT OR SAT...AFTERWARD...POST FRONTAL SHOWERS
ASSOCIATED WITH AN UPPER LOW. OBVIOUSLY...WITH THIS FORECAST...
WE ARE THROWING OUT THE LATE WEEK/WEEKEND PROGS FROM THE GFS AND
LEANING TOWARD THE OPS EURO/ENSEMBLES.

PERSISTENT SUMMER-LIKE TEMPERATURES WILL CONTINUE THRU AT LEAST WED
WITH A COOLING TREND INTO THE WEEKEND AS AN UPPER LEVEL LOW WOBBLES
IN FROM THE MIDWEST. MOIST AIRMASS WILL REMAIN IN PLACE WITH
PRECIPITABLE WATERS ABOVE NORMAL. EXPECT MULTIPLE SHORTWAVES TO
CROSS REGION IN BROAD SOUTHWESTERLY FLOW AHEAD OF UPPER LOW/TROF
FORECAST TO REACH THE CENTRAL PLAINS/MID MS VLY WED/THU. IT APPEARS
THERE WILL BE A MAX IN ACTIVITY MON NGT/TUE AHEAD OF A SHORT WAVE
TROF...A BIT OF A LULL LATE TUE THRU EARLY WED AS A SHORT WAVE RIDGE
MOVES OVERHEAD AND INCREASING COVERAGE WED NIGHT AND THU AS
AFOREMENTIONED LOW/TROF APPROACH. AFOREMENTIONED SECOND UPPER LOW
EXPECTED TO SETTLE INTO THE LOWER OH VLY SAT NIGHT...LIKELY
RESULTING IN A SHOWERY/COOL WEEKEND.

OVERALL RAINFALL TOTALS THRU FRIDAY WILL RANGE FROM 1-3 INCHES WITH
ISOLATED HIGHER AMOUNTS...WITH THE HIGHER TOTALS ACROSS SOUTHWEST
INDIANA AND THE LOWEST ACROSS OUR SERN FORECAST AREA (LAKE
CUMBERLAND REGION).

&&

.AVIATION (18Z TAF ISSUANCE)...

MULTIPLE WAVES OF ENERGY WILL ROTATE AROUND AN UPPER LEVEL LOW WHICH
WILL TRACK FROM SRN MN ACROSS THE GREAT LAKES THROUGH THE TAF
PERIOD. THE MAIN CHALLENGE THIS WILL POSE IS FOR THE FORECASTING OF
PERIODS OF SHOWERS AND STORMS THAT MAY IMPACT THE TERMINALS. THE
GENERAL CONSENSUS AMONG THE MODELS IS THAT SCATTERED STORMS WILL
DEVELOP AND MOVE ACROSS CENTRAL KENTUCKY THIS AFTERNOON. WITH THE
SCATTERED NATURE OF THESE STORMS WILL MENTION ONLY A CB GROUP AT SDF
AND LEX AS CERTAINTY OF STORM DEVELOPMENT IN THE VICINITY OF THE
TERMINAL IS NOT VERY HIGH. WITH STORMS ALREADY DEVELOPING NEARER TO
BWG WILL MENTION VCTS THERE.

IT LOOKS LIKE THERE WILL BE A BREAK IN PRECIPITATION THIS EVENING
BEFORE STORMS DEVELOP AGAIN AFTER MIDNIGHT. IN GENERAL FLYING
CONDITIONS WILL BE VFR OUTSIDE OF ANY THUNDERSTORMS.

&&

.LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
KY...NONE.
IN...NONE.
&&

SHORT TERM........EER
LONG TERM.........DK/11
AVIATION..........EER

Hazardous weather outlook, May 22, 3:03 PM EDT, 58 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
303 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

INZ076>079-083-084-089>092-KYZ023>043-045>049-053>057-061>067-
070>078-081-082-231915-
ORANGE IN-WASHINGTON IN-SCOTT IN-JEFFERSON IN-DUBOIS IN-
CRAWFORD IN-PERRY IN-HARRISON IN-FLOYD IN-CLARK IN-HANCOCK KY-
BRECKINRIDGE KY-MEADE KY-OHIO KY-GRAYSON KY-HARDIN KY-BULLITT KY-
JEFFERSON KY-OLDHAM KY-TRIMBLE KY-HENRY KY-SHELBY KY-FRANKLIN KY-
SCOTT KY-HARRISON KY-SPENCER KY-ANDERSON KY-WOODFORD KY-
FAYETTE KY-BOURBON KY-NICHOLAS KY-NELSON KY-WASHINGTON KY-
MERCER KY-JESSAMINE KY-CLARK KY-LARUE KY-MARION KY-BOYLE KY-
GARRARD KY-MADISON KY-BUTLER KY-EDMONSON KY-HART KY-GREEN KY-
TAYLOR KY-CASEY KY-LINCOLN KY-LOGAN KY-WARREN KY-SIMPSON KY-
ALLEN KY-BARREN KY-MONROE KY-METCALFE KY-ADAIR KY-RUSSELL KY-
CUMBERLAND KY-CLINTON KY-
303 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011 /203 PM CDT SUN MAY 22 2011/

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL
INDIANA AND CENTRAL KENTUCKY.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE OFF AN ON THIS AFTERNOON
AND TONIGHT. ALL THUNDERSTORMS WILL HAVE HEAVY RAINFALL AND
DANGEROUS LIGHTNING. SOME THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING
WILL BE STRONG TO SEVERE WITH DAMAGING WINDS AND SMALL HAIL.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE MONDAY THROUGH
WEDNESDAY. THE MAIN THREAT WILL BE HEAVY RAINFALL AND DANGEROUS
LIGHTNING...THOUGH A FEW STORMS MAY BECOME STRONG TO SEVERE
PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS. MORE ORGANIZED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE
POSSIBLE THURSDAY AND FRIDAY AS A STORM SYSTEM TRACKS ACROSS THE
OHIO VALLEY. SOME OF THESE STORMS COULD PRODUCE STRONG GUSTY WINDS
AS WELL AS HEAVY RAINFALL.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTERS SHOULD REPORT ANY STRONG WIND GUSTS...WIND DAMAGE...AND
HAIL OVER THE NEXT FEW DAYS TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN
LOUISVILLE.

EER/DK

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 22, 3:51 PM EDT, 10 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
351 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0335 PM     NON-TSTM WND GST 3 N COLUMBIA            37.14N  85.31W
05/22/2011  M58 MPH          ADAIR              KY   MESONET

&&

EVENT NUMBER LMK1100737

SZAPPANOS

Local storm report, May 22, 3:54 PM EDT, 7 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
354 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0313 PM     TSTM WND DMG     CANNELTON               37.91N  86.74W
05/22/2011                   PERRY              IN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            TREES DOWN.

&&

EVENT NUMBER LMK1100738

SZAPPANOS

Local storm report, May 22, 3:55 PM EDT, 6 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
355 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0335 PM     TSTM WND GST     3 N COLUMBIA            37.14N  85.31W
05/22/2011  M58 MPH          ADAIR              KY   MESONET

&&

CORRECTED EVENT

EVENT NUMBER LMK1100737

SZAPPANOS

Local storm report, May 22, 3:57 PM EDT, 4 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
357 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0320 PM     TSTM WND GST     6 E MUNFORDVILLE        37.28N  85.79W
05/22/2011  M70 MPH          HART               KY   MESONET

&&

EVENT NUMBER LMK1100739

SZAPPANOS

Local storm report, May 22, 3:58 PM EDT, 3 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
358 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0340 PM     TSTM WND DMG     RUSSELL SPRINGS         37.05N  85.08W
05/22/2011                   RUSSELL            KY   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            NUMEROUS TREES DOWN IN THE CITY.

&&

EVENT NUMBER LMK1100740

SZAPPANOS

Local storm report, May 22, 4:01 PM EDT, 0 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
401 PM EDT SUN MAY 22 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0400 PM     HAIL             ENGLISH                 38.33N  86.46W
05/22/2011  M0.88 INCH       CRAWFORD           IN   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

EVENT NUMBER LMK1100741

SZAPPANOS

The office that day

Everything else NWS Louisville, KY issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
May 22, 3:44 AM EDT	Dense Fog Advisory	LMK	Clark, Crawford, Dubois, Floyd, Harrison, Jefferson and 4 more	6 hr
May 22, 3:00 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Perry	30 min
May 22, 3:29 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LMK	Crawford, Harrison, Perry	31 min
May 22, 3:49 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Crawford	26 min
May 22, 4:35 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Crawford	40 min
May 22, 4:37 PM EDT	Special Weather Statement	LMK	Scott	38 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Indiana, 2011 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.