Alert archive / Kansas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2011

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 424, NWS Wichita, KS

August 19, 2011Russell County, Kansas

NWS Wichita, KS issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Aug 19, 2011, 7:27 PM CDT for Russell County, Kansas. It was in force for 63 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Aug 19, 2011, 7:27 PM CDT (00:27 UTC)
Expired: Aug 19, 2011, 8:30 PM CDT
In force: 63 min
Issued by: NWS Wichita, KS
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 0.75 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

County Russell County, KS

The radar

The Grand Island radar (KUEX), 145 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 00:28 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Aug 19, 7:53 PM CDT	TSTM WND GST 60	Paradise, KS
Aug 19, 7:53 PM CDT	HAIL 0.25	Paradise, KS

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 26 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Dodge City, (KDDC), launched 00:00Z, 0.5 hours before the alert went out and 168 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 3356 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 23 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: -105 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: -187 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

088 
WUUS53 KICT 200027
SVRICT
KSC167-200130-
/O.NEW.KICT.SV.W.0424.110820T0027Z-110820T0130Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
727 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN WICHITA HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHWESTERN RUSSELL COUNTY IN CENTRAL KANSAS...

* UNTIL 830 PM CDT

* AT 726 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
  TRACKING A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS
  IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 11 MILES NORTHWEST OF
  GORHAM...OR 17 MILES NORTHWEST OF RUSSELL...AND MOVING NORTHEAST AT
  15 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  PARADISE...LURAY AND WALDO.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND IN EXCESS OF 60 MILES PER
HOUR...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...DEADLY LIGHTNING...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. FOR
YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR
HOME OR BUSINESS. HEAVY RAINS FLOOD ROADS QUICKLY SO DO NOT DRIVE
INTO AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE ROAD.

&&

LAT...LON 3913 9905 3914 9903 3914 9872 3913 9864
      3892 9888 3886 9904
TIME...MOT...LOC 0027Z 225DEG 15KT 3903 9912
WIND...HAIL 60MPH <.75IN

$$

KETCHAM

4 follow-up statements

948 
WWUS53 KICT 200036
SVSICT

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
736 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

KSC167-200130-
/O.CON.KICT.SV.W.0424.000000T0000Z-110820T0130Z/
RUSSELL KS-
736 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR NORTHWESTERN
RUSSELL COUNTY UNTIL 830 PM CDT...

AT 731 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING
A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS
OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 8 MILES SOUTHWEST OF PARADISE...OR
16 MILES NORTHWEST OF RUSSELL...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 15 MPH.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  PARADISE...LURAY AND WALDO.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND IN EXCESS OF 60 MILES PER
HOUR...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...DEADLY LIGHTNING...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. FOR
YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR
HOME OR BUSINESS. HEAVY RAINS FLOOD ROADS QUICKLY SO DO NOT DRIVE
INTO AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE ROAD.

&&

LAT...LON 3913 9905 3914 9903 3914 9872 3913 9864
      3892 9888 3886 9904
TIME...MOT...LOC 0036Z 225DEG 15KT 3907 9903
WIND...HAIL 60MPH <.75IN

$$

KETCHAM

686 
WWUS53 KICT 200051
SVSICT

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
751 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

KSC167-200130-
/O.CON.KICT.SV.W.0424.000000T0000Z-110820T0130Z/
RUSSELL KS-
751 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR NORTHWESTERN
RUSSELL COUNTY UNTIL 830 PM CDT...

AT 749 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING
A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS
OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 5 MILES SOUTH OF PARADISE...OR 11
MILES NORTH OF RUSSELL...MOVING EAST AT 20 MPH.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  PARADISE...LURAY AND WALDO.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND IN EXCESS OF 60 MILES PER
HOUR...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...DEADLY LIGHTNING...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. FOR
YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR
HOME OR BUSINESS. HEAVY RAINS FLOOD ROADS QUICKLY SO DO NOT DRIVE
INTO AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE ROAD.

&&

LAT...LON 3913 9905 3914 9903 3914 9872 3913 9864
      3892 9888 3886 9904
TIME...MOT...LOC 0052Z 255DEG 17KT 3905 9890
WIND...HAIL 60MPH <.75IN

$$

KETCHAM

080 
WWUS53 KICT 200114
SVSICT

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
814 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

KSC167-200130-
/O.CON.KICT.SV.W.0424.000000T0000Z-110820T0130Z/
RUSSELL KS-
814 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR NORTHWESTERN
RUSSELL COUNTY UNTIL 830 PM CDT...

AT 812 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING
A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS
OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 6 MILES SOUTHWEST OF LURAY...OR 13
MILES NORTH OF RUSSELL...MOVING EAST AT 20 MPH.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  LURAY.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND IN EXCESS OF 60 MILES PER
HOUR...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...DEADLY LIGHTNING...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. FOR
YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR
HOME OR BUSINESS. HEAVY RAINS FLOOD ROADS QUICKLY SO DO NOT DRIVE
INTO AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE ROAD.

IN ADDITION TO THE DAMAGING WINDS...CONTINUOUS CLOUD TO GROUND 
LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. MOVE INDOORS IMMEDIATELY! 
LIGHTNING IS ONE OF NATURE'S LEADING KILLERS. REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN 
HEAR THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE STRUCK BY LIGHTNING.

&&

LAT...LON 3913 9905 3914 9903 3914 9872 3913 9864
      3892 9888 3886 9904
TIME...MOT...LOC 0114Z 255DEG 17KT 3908 9877
WIND...HAIL 60MPH <.75IN

$$

KETCHAM

298 
WWUS53 KICT 200126
SVSICT

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
826 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

KSC167-200135-
/O.EXP.KICT.SV.W.0424.000000T0000Z-110820T0130Z/
RUSSELL KS-
826 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHWESTERN RUSSELL COUNTY
WILL EXPIRE AT 830 PM CDT...

THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS MOVED OUT OF THE WARNED
AREA...HOWEVER GUSTY WINDS ARE STILL POSSIBLE WITH THIS THUNDERSTORM.

REMEMBER...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR 
NORTHERN PORTIONS OF RUSSELL COUNTY UNTIL 900 PM.

LAT...LON 3913 9905 3914 9903 3914 9872 3913 9864
      3892 9888 3886 9904
TIME...MOT...LOC 0125Z 255DEG 17KT 3909 9870

$$

KETCHAM

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Wichita, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Aug 19, 7:03 PM CDT, 24 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Aug 19, 7:03 PM CDT, 24 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
703 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

.AVIATION...00Z TAFS KRSL/KSLN/KHUT/KICT/KCNU

ANTICIPATING A FEW CLUSTERS OF THUNDERSTORMS TO AFFECT PRIMARILY
THE KRSL-KSLN TERMINALS THIS EVENING AND OVERNIGHT...ALONG AND
NORTH OF A QUASI-STATIONARY FRONTAL BOUNDARY DRAPED WEST-EAST
ACROSS KS. CANNOT RULE OUT A FEW STRAY STORMS FOR KHUT-KICT-
KCNU...BUT THREAT IS LIKELY TOO LOW TO INSERT "CB" OR "VCTS"
WORDING.

ADK

&&

.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 245 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011/

DISCUSSION...
FORECAST CONCERNS...SEVERE POTENTIAL THIS EVENING AND CONVECTIVE
TRENDS TONIGHT/SATURDAY...

TONIGHT-MONDAY
SURFACE FRONTAL BOUNDARY HAS MIGRATED A BIT FURTHER NORTH THAN
EXPECTED BY MOST SHORT TERM MODELS ACROSS CENTRAL KANSAS AT EARLY
AFTERNOON...WITH THE LATEST MIDDAY RUN OF THE RUC INITIALIZED
AND TRENDING A BIT BETTER. DESPITE THESE DIFFERENCES...THE GENERAL
MODEL CONSENSUS IS FOR CONVECTION TO DEVELOP ALONG THIS FRONT BY
EARLY EVENING...WHERE MLCAPE VALUES IN EXCESS OF 3000 J/KG WILL
RESIDE JUST NORTH OF THE BOUNDARY. THIS SHOULD OVERCOME THE RATHER
STOUT CAP...THOUGH POSSIBLY LIMITING CONVECTION TO A FEW DISCRETE
STORMS INITIALLY...WITH STEEP LAPSE RATES AND DCAPE VALUES OWING
TO STRONG AND LOCALLY DAMAGING DOWN-BURSTS THAT WOULD AFFECT
CENTRAL KANSAS. AS THE EVENING/NIGHT PROGRESSES...AN APPROACHING
UPPER SHORTWAVE TROF AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEST LOW LEVEL JET
SHOULD HELP ORGANIZE AND SUSTAIN CONVECTION THAT MOVES OFF THE
HIGH PLAINS WHICH IS EXPECTED TO CONGEAL INTO A LARGER MESOSCALE
CONVECTIVE SYSTEM. THIS SHOULD TRACK EAST ACROSS CENTRAL KANSAS
WITH A CONDITIONAL CHANCE FOR POTENTIAL COLD POOL/OUTFLOW FORCING
DEVELOPMENT A BIT FURTHER SOUTH INTO SOUTH CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST
KANSAS. THIS WAS HANDLED FAIRLY WELL IN THE GOING POP GRIDS WITH
ONLY SLIGHT TWEAKS MADE...MAINLY TO INSERT SEVERE WORDING THIS
EVENING AND UPPING PRECIP AMOUNTS ALONG THE I-70 CORRIDOR TONIGHT.

WHILE SOME CONVECTION IS EXPECTED TO LINGER IN THE WAKE OF THE MCS
ON SATURDAY...EXPECT A GENERAL TREND OF DECREASING POPS FROM NORTH
TO SOUTH INTO SATURDAY NIGHT WITH SUBSIDENCE IN ITS WAKE AND THE
TRAILING SYNOPTIC SHORTWAVE ALOFT. THE GOING MAXS LOOK ON TARGET
FOR SATURDAY WITH COOLER/LESS HOT TEMPS CLOSER TO CLIMO.

PREFERRED TO FOLLOW THE GOING FORECAST AND LATEST NAM FOR SUNDAY
IN SHOWING SLIGHTLY DRIER/MORE STABLE AIR ACROSS THE AREA WITH
MAXS STILL IN THE TOLERABLE LOW TO MID 90S.

SOME UNCERTAINTY EXISTS IN THE RETURN SOUTHERLY FLOW ON SUNDAY
NIGHT INTO MONDAY...THOUGH WILL CONTINUE THE RELATIVELY SLIGHT TO
MODEST CHANCES FOR CONVECTION AND A RETURN TO ABOVE AVERAGE MAXS
BY MONDAY AFTERNOON.

TUESDAY-FRIDAY
WILL MAKE LITTLE CHANGE TO THE OUTER PERIODS OF THE FORECAST INTO
MUCH OF NEXT WEEK. SOME LATE SUMMER HEAT WILL RETURN FOR TUESDAY.
A MORE PRONOUNCED UPPER TROF DROPPING ACROSS THE UPPER MIDWEST AND
GREAT LAKES BY WEDNESDAY LOOKS TO PUSH A MODEST COLD FRONT THRU
AND ADVECT AT LEAST SLIGHTLY COOLER/LESS HOT AIR SOUTH ACROSS THE
AREA AS THE UPPER RIDGE TENDS TO RETROGRADE WEST ACROSS THE
ROCKIES.

DARMOFAL

AVIATION...18Z TAFS KRSL/KSLN/KHUT/KICT/KCNU
A STALLED OUT FRONTAL BOUNDARY IS CURRENTLY SITUATED FROM EAST TO
WEST ACROSS KANSAS NEAR THE I-70 CORRIDOR. STRONG DAYTIME HEATING
WILL WEAKEN THE CAP AND ALLOW THUNDERSTORMS TO DEVELOP ALONG THE
FRONT FOR LATE AFTERNOON AND EVENING. THE STORMS WILL BECOME MORE
WIDESPREAD TONIGHT AS THEY MARCH EASTWARD AND AFFECT RSL/SLN TAF
SITES. VFR CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED OVER SOUTHERN KANSAS WITH
STORMS REMAINING OVER THE NORTHERN HALF OF KANSAS...HOWEVER AN
OUTFLOW BOUNDARY FROM THE STORMS SHOULD CAUSE THE WINDS TO SWITCH
AROUND TO A NORTHERLY DIRECTION OVERNIGHT FOR SOUTHERN KANSAS.

JAKUB

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
WICHITA-KICT    73  91  70  94 /  30  20  20  10
HUTCHINSON      71  90  68  93 /  40  30  20  10
NEWTON          71  90  68  93 /  40  30  20  10
ELDORADO        71  91  68  92 /  30  30  20  10
WINFIELD-KWLD   74  94  71  95 /  20  30  30  10
RUSSELL         69  87  66  90 /  60  30  20  10
GREAT BEND      70  88  67  92 /  60  30  20  10
SALINA          70  87  67  91 /  70  40  20  10
MCPHERSON       70  89  67  92 /  60  30  20  10
COFFEYVILLE     74  94  71  94 /  20  30  30  10
CHANUTE         72  90  69  92 /  30  30  30  10
IOLA            71  90  68  92 /  40  40  20  10
PARSONS-KPPF    73  93  70  93 /  20  30  30  10

&&

.ICT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
HEAT ADVISORY UNTIL 8 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR KSZ067>072-082-083-
091>096-098>100.

&&

Hazardous weather outlook, Aug 19, 3:25 PM CDT, 4 hours 2 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
325 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

KSZ032-033-047>053-067>072-082-083-091>096-098>100-202030-
RUSSELL-LINCOLN-BARTON-ELLSWORTH-SALINE-RICE-MCPHERSON-MARION-CHASE-
RENO-HARVEY-BUTLER-GREENWOOD-WOODSON-ALLEN-KINGMAN-SEDGWICK-HARPER-
SUMNER-COWLEY-ELK-WILSON-NEOSHO-CHAUTAUQUA-MONTGOMERY-LABETTE-
325 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL KANSAS...
SOUTH CENTRAL KANSAS AND SOUTHEAST KANSAS.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

HEAT INDICES WILL RANGE FROM 104 TO 108 DEGREES ACROSS SOUTH
CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST KANSAS THROUGH EARLY THIS EVENING. PLEASE
REFER TO THE LATEST HEAT ADVISORY STATEMENT FOR DETAILS.

CHANCES FOR THUNDERSTORMS WILL INCREASE ACROSS THE ENTIRE AREA
TONIGHT...WITH THE BEST CHANCES FOR MORE WIDESPREAD AND SEVERE
ACTIVITY ACROSS CENTRAL KANSAS. THE MAIN SEVERE RISKS WILL BE
DAMAGING DOWN-BURST WINDS TO 70 MPH...WITH HAIL UP TO QUARTER
SIZE ALSO POSSIBLE. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL IS ALSO POSSIBLE
ACROSS CENTRAL KANSAS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY

THE CHANCE FOR STORMS WILL GRADUALLY DIMINISH ACROSS THE AREA
ON SATURDAY INTO SATURDAY NIGHT. A CHANCE FOR THUNDERSTORMS WILL
RETURN TO THE AREA AGAIN BY SUNDAY NIGHT...WITH SLIGHT CHANCES
CONTINUING ACROSS THE FLINT HILLS AND SOUTHEAST KANSAS FROM
MONDAY INTO TUESDAY NIGHT. STRONG STORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
ANY OF THIS ACTIVITY.

AFTERNOON HEAT INDICES ARE EXPECTED TO CLIMB TO AROUND 100 DEGREES
ACROSS SOUTH CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST KANSAS ON MONDAY AND TUESDAY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SKYWARN SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED THIS EVENING OR EARLY
TONIGHT...ESPECIALLY OVER CENTRAL KANSAS.

&&

FOR A GRAPHICAL VERSION OF THIS INFORMATION...SEE OUR
WEBPAGE AT (LOWERCASE) HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/WICHITA/HWO/HWO.PHP

KED

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Aug 19, 7:07 PM CDT, 20 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
707 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

KSZ047-200100-
BARTON-
707 PM CDT FRI AUG 19 2011

...THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN WICHITA HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY FOR BARTON COUNTY...

AT 702 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING
A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR PAWNEE ROCK...OR 9 MILES SOUTHWEST OF
GREAT BEND...AND MOVING NORTH AT 35 MPH.

PENNY TO NICKEL SIZE HAIL...AND WINDS TO 50 MPH ARE POSSIBLE WITH
THIS STORM.

BE PREPARED TO TAKE SHELTER IN THE EVENT THE STORMS INTENSIFY AND
BECOME SEVERE, OR A WARNING IS ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE.

KETCHAM

The office that day

Everything else NWS Wichita, KS issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Aug 19, 8:02 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Russell	46 min
Aug 19, 8:39 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Lincoln	40 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Kansas, 2011 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.