Alert archive / South Carolina / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2011
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 246, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 3, 2011, 12:57 AM EDT for Union County, South Carolina. It was in force for 48 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Jun 3, 2011, 12:57 AM EDT (04:57 UTC)
- Expired
- Jun 3, 2011, 1:45 AM EDT
- In force
- 48 min
- Issued by
- NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
County Union County, SC
The radar
The Greer radar (KGSP), 63 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 04:59 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC (KGSO), launched 00:00Z, 5.0 hours before the alert went out and 227 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 2653 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 38 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 21 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 54 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
973
WUUS52 KGSP 030457
SVRGSP
SCC087-030545-
/O.NEW.KGSP.SV.W.0246.110603T0457Z-110603T0545Z/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1257 AM EDT FRI JUN 3 2011
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG HAS ISSUED A
* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
UNION COUNTY IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...
* UNTIL 145 AM EDT
* AT 1251 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL...AND
DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 5 MILES
WEST OF BUFFALO...OR 8 MILES WEST OF UNION...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 10
MPH.
* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
BUFFALO...
UNION...
CROSS KEYS...
MONARCH MILLS...
SEDALIA...
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
PEOPLE IN THE PATH OF THIS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM SHOULD BE ALERT FOR
LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. FREQUENT LIGHTNING AND LOCALLY HEAVY
RAIN CAN OCCUR WITH ANY THUNDERSTORM. SEEK SHELTER INDOORS AWAY FROM
WINDOWS AND DOORS UNTIL THE STORM PASSES.
TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL...OR FLOODING...THROUGH OUR
AUTOMATED REPORTING SYSTEM...CALL OUR TOLL FREE NUMBER...
1 8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2.
&&
LAT...LON 3453 8165 3456 8168 3455 8173 3458 8180
3466 8184 3477 8180 3480 8167 3459 8141
3457 8143 3456 8141 3454 8142 3452 8161
TIME...MOT...LOC 0457Z 330DEG 10KT 3470 8176
$$
LANE2 follow-up statements
677
WWUS52 KGSP 030516
SVSGSP
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
116 AM EDT FRI JUN 3 2011
SCC087-030545-
/O.CON.KGSP.SV.W.0246.000000T0000Z-110603T0545Z/
UNION SC-
116 AM EDT FRI JUN 3 2011
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 145 AM EDT
FOR SOUTHERN UNION COUNTY IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...
AT 108 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A LINE OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING
WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THESE STORMS WERE LOCATED ALONG A LINE
EXTENDING FROM SANTUC TO SEDALIA TO CROSS KEYS...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT
10 MPH.
OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO
CARLISLE.
IN ADDITION TO THE POTENTIAL FOR WIND GUSTS OF 50 TO 60 MPH...
ISOLATED LOCATIONS MAY SEE A BRIEF PERIOD OF QUARTER SIZE HAIL.
LAT...LON 3453 8165 3456 8168 3455 8172 3458 8180
3466 8184 3477 8180 3475 8169 3478 8165
3459 8141 3458 8143 3454 8142 3452 8161
TIME...MOT...LOC 0513Z 328DEG 11KT 3465 8150 3462 8165
3468 8181
$$
LANE782
WWUS52 KGSP 030547
SVSGSP
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
147 AM EDT FRI JUN 3 2011
SCC087-030556-
/O.EXP.KGSP.SV.W.0246.000000T0000Z-110603T0545Z/
UNION SC-
147 AM EDT FRI JUN 3 2011
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHERN UNION COUNTY IN
UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA HAS EXPIRED...
STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE TO AFFECT SOUTHERN PORTIONS OF
THE COUNTY...INCLUDING THE SEDALIA AREA THROUGH ABOUT 230 AM.
LAT...LON 3453 8165 3456 8168 3455 8172 3458 8180
3466 8184 3477 8180 3475 8169 3478 8165
3459 8141 3458 8143 3454 8142 3452 8161
TIME...MOT...LOC 0516Z 328DEG 11KT 3464 8149 3461 8164
3467 8180
$$
LANEWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 2, 10:41 PM EDT, 2 hours 16 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 2, 10:41 PM EDT, 2 hours 16 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 1041 PM EDT THU JUN 2 2011 .SYNOPSIS... WEAK HIGH PRESSURE WILL MOVE ACROSS THE MID ATLANTIC REGION THROUGH SATURDAY...BEFORE A WEAK FRONTAL BOUNDARY APPROACHES FROM THE NORTH ON SUNDAY. UPPER RIDGING WILL REMAIN IN CONTROL OVER THE DEEP SOUTH THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF NEXT WEEK. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH FRIDAY/... A STALLED FRONTAL BOUNDARY GENERALLY BISECTS THE FORECAST AREA LATE THIS EVENING. ISOLATED SHRA OR WEAK TSTMS CANNOT BE RULED OUT OVERNIGHT IN THE WARM SECTOR SW OF THE BOUNDARY AS WEAK CONVERGENCE CONTINUES AND A GENERAL BAGGINESS APPEARS IN THE UPPER FLOW PATTERN. FOG SHOULD DEVELOP IN THE MOIST PROFILES ACROSS THE MOUNTAIN VALLEYS OVERNIGHT...WITH PATCHY FOG POSSIBLE THROUGHOUT TOWARD DAYBREAK IN LOCATIONS THAT RECEIVED APPRECIABLE RAINFALL. A SLIGHTLY STRONGER NE TO SW GRADIENT OF MIN T WILL BE ADVERTISED. THE INCOMING 00Z NAM CONTINUES THE TREND OF PUSHING THE BOUNDARY SW AS HIGH PRES BUILDS OVER TO THE NORTH THROUGH FRI. THIS WILL ALLOW DRIER AIR TO PENETRATE ACROSS THE NE HALF OF THE FORECAST AREA...BUT WITH HIGHER THETA E AIR TRAPPED IN SW SECTIONS AS LOW LEVEL CONVERGENCE AND WEAK PASSING UPPER SHORTWAVES CONTINUE TO PROVIDE INTERMITTENT FORCING THROUGH FRI AFTN. THE BEST CHC POPS WILL CONT TO BE ADVERTISED IN SRN MTN LOCATIONS...WITH SLIGHT CHANCES UP THE BLUE RIDGE AND ACROSS THE WESTERN UPSTATE AND NE GA. TEMPS SHOULD BE ONE TO TWO CATEGORIES COOLER FRI AFTN...AND PERHAPS EVEN MORE ACROSS THE NC PIEDMONT UNDER NE FLOW. THE BEST SEVERE TSTM POTENTIAL SHOULD BE CONFINED TO EXTREME SW SECTIONS. && .SHORT TERM /FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY/... AS OF 200 PM THURSDAY...THE AXIS OF THE UPPER RIDGE EXTENDING FROM THE STRONG UPPER ANTICYCLONE OVER THE MS VALLEY WILL ROTATE ACROSS THE WESTERN CAROLINAS ON SATURDAY. AS THE RIDGE AXIS MOVES ACROSS...AN AREA OF NVA COMBINED WITH SOUNDINGS FEATURING VERY WARM MID LEVELS WILL CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT QUITE HOSTILE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEEP CONVECTION. AS SUCH...I HAVE REMOVED THE MOUNTAIN SLIGHT CHANCES I INHERITED. TEMPS ON SATURDAY WILL WARM BACK UP INTO THE LOW 90S EVERYWHERE OUTSIDE THE MOUNTAINS. ON SUNDAY...THE UPPER ANTICYCLONE CENTER WILL RETROGRADE OVER THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS. THIS WILL ALLOW A BACKDOOR FRONTAL BOUNDARY TO SAG SOUTHWARD INTO WESTERN NC. WITH THE UPPER RIDGE SUPPRESSED FURTHER TO THE WEST AND THE BOUNDARY IN THE VICINITY...DIURNAL CONVECTION CHANCES APPEAR HIGHER THAN ON SATURDAY. SOUNDINGS INDICATE THAT THE ATMOSPHERE WILL BE LESS FAVORABLE FOR THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT THE FURTHER SOUTH AND WEST YOU GO FROM THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS AND FOOTHILLS. THEREFORE...CHANCE POPS WILL BE ADDED IN THESE AREAS...DECREASING TO SLIGHT CHANCE OR LESS ACROSS THE FAR WESTERN NC MOUNTAINS AND THE SOUTHERN TIER OF THE UPSTATE. ALTHOUGH THE UPPER RIDGE AND ANTICYCLONE GET SUPPRESSED TO THE WEST...UPPER HEIGHTS ARE VERY SIMILAR TO SATURDAY AND LOW LEVEL THICKNESSES ARE ACTUALLY HIGHER. THIS WILL YIELD TEMPS INTO THE MID 90S OUTSIDE THE MOUNTAINS...LOW 90S IN THE MOUNTAIN VALLEYS. && .LONG TERM /SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY/... AT 1 PM EDT THURSDAY...THE MODELS ARE IN BASIC AGREEMENT ON AN UPPER RIDGE AXIS MOVING FROM THE PLAINS ON MONDAY...TO THE EASTERN THIRD OF THE NATION BY THURSDAY. A BACK DOOR COLD FRONT WILL BE LOCATED TO OUR SOUTH ON MONDAY...WITH HIGH PRESSURE TO THE NORTH. THIS FRONT WEAKENS AND MOVES FARTHER SOUTH BY TUESDAY. WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY FEATURE HIGH PRESSURE CENTERED TO OUR SOUTH...WITH OUR AREA IN THE WARM SECTOR TO THE SOUTH OF A FRONT IN THE NORTHEAST. SMALL POPS WILL BE MAINLY CONFINED TO SAVANNAH RIVER VALLEY MONDAY AND TUESDAY...CLOSEST OT THE DEPARTING FRONT...MIGRATING TO THE MOUNTAINS WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY...WHERE DIFFERENTIAL HEATING AND OROGRAPHIC EFFECTS WILL COME INTO PLAY. TEMPERATURES WILL RUNS SEVERAL CATEGORIES ABOVE NORMAL UNDER THE UPPER RIDGE...EVEN BEHIND THE COLD FRONT ON MONDAY AND TUESDAY. && .AVIATION /03Z FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/... AT KCLT...THE BOUNDARY SHOULD CONTINUE TO SLIP SLOWLY SOUTHWEST OVERNIGHT...KEEPING THE VICINITY DRY. EXPECT MAINLY FEW TO SCT CUMULUS...WITH OCCASIONAL HIGH CLOUD CEILINGS THROUGH THE PERIOD. NE FLOW IS EXPECTED TO STEADILY INCREASE OVERNIGHT THROUGH FRI AS HIGH PRES BUILDS OVER TO THE N. ELSEWHERE...ALL TAF SITES ARE EXPECTED TO REMAIN DRY OVERNIGHT INTO EARLY FRIDAY. CONVERGENCE IN THE WARM SECTOR AHEAD OF A WEAK BACKDOOR FRONTAL ZONE WILL YIELD THE GREATEST TSTM CHANCES FROM KAND TO KAVL FRI AFTN...BUT CHANCES APPEAR LESS THAN WITH THU STORMS. EXPECT IMPROVING NE FLOW AT MOST LOCATIONS...WITH GENERALLY LIGHT AND VARIABLE WINDS AT KAVL. KAVL STANDS THE BEST CHANCE OF MVFR VSBY OVERNIGHT...WITH TEMPO IFR ALSO POSSIBLE TOWARD DAYBREAK. OUTLOOK...DIURNAL ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE EACH AFTERNOON AND EVENING...WITH EARLY MORNING MTN VALLEY FOG LIKELY AS WELL. && .GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... GA...NONE. NC...NONE. SC...NONE. && SYNOPSIS...BSH NEAR TERM...HG SHORT TERM...BSH LONG TERM...JAT AVIATION...HG
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 2, 10:41 PM EDT, 2 hours 16 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 1041 PM EDT THU JUN 2 2011 GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033-035>037-048>053-056>059-062>065- 068>072-082-501>510-SCZ001>014-019-040245- RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-AVERY-ALEXANDER- IREDELL-DAVIE-MADISON-YANCEY-MITCHELL-SWAIN-HAYWOOD-BUNCOMBE-CATAWBA- ROWAN-GRAHAM-NORTHERN JACKSON-MACON-SOUTHERN JACKSON-TRANSYLVANIA- HENDERSON-CLEVELAND-LINCOLN-GASTON-MECKLENBURG-CABARRUS-UNION NC- CALDWELL MOUNTAINS-GREATER CALDWELL-BURKE MOUNTAINS-GREATER BURKE- MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS-EASTERN MCDOWELL-RUTHERFORD MOUNTAINS- GREATER RUTHERFORD-POLK MOUNTAINS-EASTERN POLK-OCONEE MOUNTAINS- PICKENS MOUNTAINS-GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS-GREATER OCONEE- GREATER PICKENS-GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-CHEROKEE-YORK- ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE-LAURENS-UNION SC-CHESTER-GREENWOOD- 1041 PM EDT THU JUN 2 2011 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHEAST GEORGIA...PIEDMONT NORTH CAROLINA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT. NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY. NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... NONE.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Jun 2, 7:39 PM EDT, 5 hours 18 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
739 PM EDT THU JUN 02 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0358 PM HAIL 6 ENE BREVARD 35.27N 82.63W
06/02/2011 E1.00 INCH TRANSYLVANIA NC 911 CALL CENTER
QUARTER SIZED HAIL REPORTED TO FALL ON THE ASHEVILLE
HIGHWAY BETWEEN BREVARD AND MILLS RIVER. LOCATION WAS
MATCHED WITH RADAR DATA.
&&
OUTLAWLocal storm report, Jun 2, 7:40 PM EDT, 5 hours 17 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
740 PM EDT THU JUN 02 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0730 PM HAIL GASTONIA 35.25N 81.17W
06/02/2011 E1.00 INCH GASTON NC TRAINED SPOTTER
QUARTER SIZE HAIL ON FRANLIN BLVD.
&&
HGLocal storm report, Jun 2, 8:05 PM EDT, 4 hours 52 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
805 PM EDT THU JUN 02 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0440 PM HAIL 3 N LAKE ADGER 35.38N 82.19W
06/02/2011 E1.00 INCH POLK NC BROADCAST MEDIA
QUARTER SIZE HAIL AT LAKE ADGER RD AND COOPERS GAP RD.
&&
HGLocal storm report, Jun 2, 8:11 PM EDT, 4 hours 46 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
811 PM EDT THU JUN 02 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0535 PM TSTM WND DMG 6 NW PICKENS 34.94N 82.78W
06/02/2011 PICKENS SC TRAINED SPOTTER
A FEW TREES WERE BLOWN DOWN. SPOTTER ONLY HAD PEA SIZED
HAIL AT HIS HOUSE.
0735 PM HAIL 2 SE GASTONIA 35.23N 81.15W
06/02/2011 E0.75 INCH GASTON NC PUBLIC
PENNY SIZED HAIL.
&&
OUTLAWSpecial weather statement, Jun 2, 8:37 PM EDT, 4 hours 20 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
837 PM EDT THU JUN 2 2011
SCZ003-006-007-030115-
GREATER GREENVILLE-GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS-SPARTANBURG-
837 PM EDT THU JUN 2 2011
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT EASTERN GREENVILLE AND WESTERN
SPARTANBURG COUNTIES THROUGH 915 PM EDT...
AT 836 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR LAKE ROBINSON...OR 11 MILES NORTHEAST OF
DOWNTOWN GREENVILLE...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 20 MPH.
THIS STORM WILL BE NEAR...
TAYLORS...
GREER...
HAYWOOD MALL...
GSP AIRPORT...
FIVE FORKS...
SMALL HAIL...AND WIND GUSTS OF 30 TO 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS
STORM.
LAT...LON 3467 8220 3500 8246 3511 8229 3481 8195
3473 8208 3475 8211 3478 8215
ARKSpecial weather statement, Jun 3, 12:43 AM EDT, 14 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1243 AM EDT FRI JUN 3 2011
SCZ013-030515-
UNION-
1243 AM EDT FRI JUN 3 2011
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT NORTHERN UNION COUNTY THROUGH
115 AM EDT...
AT 1235 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM 5 MILES NORTHWEST OF BUFFALO...OR 8 MILES WEST OF
UNION...MOVING EAST AT 20 MPH.
THIS STORM WILL AFFECT AREAS NEAR...
BUFFALO...
UNION...
DIME SIZE HAIL...AND WIND GUSTS OF 30 TO 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH
THIS STORM.
LAT...LON 3473 8181 3483 8179 3484 8178 3479 8147
3459 8160
LANEThe office that day
Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 2, 8:37 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Greenville | 38 min |
| Jun 3, 12:43 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Union | 32 min |
| Jun 3, 1:48 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Union | 27 min |
| Jun 3, 2:33 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Union | 27 min |
| Jun 3, 3:38 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Union | 37 min |
| Jun 3, 4:12 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Oconee | 63 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in South Carolina, 2011Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2011
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.