Alert archive / Massachusetts / Winter Weather Advisories in 2011
Winter Weather Advisory 13, NWS Boston/Norton, MA
NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued this winter weather advisory at Feb 24, 2011, 4:31 AM EST for 5 counties in Massachusetts; Cheshire County, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire. It took effect at Feb 25, 2011, 1:00 AM EST. It was in force for 15 hr.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Feb 24, 2011, 4:31 AM EST (09:31 UTC)
- In effect from
- Feb 25, 2011, 1:00 AM EST
- Expired
- Feb 25, 2011, 4:08 PM EST
- In force
- 15 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Boston/Norton, MA
Counties Franklin County, MA, Hampden County, MA, Hampshire County, MA, Middlesex County, MA, Worcester County, MA, Cheshire County, NH, Hillsborough County, NH
The radar
The Boston radar (KBOX), 106 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 09:30 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Albany, NY (KALY), launched 00:00Z, 9.5 hours before the alert went out and 137 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 2824 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 35 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 32 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 56 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
177 WWUS41 KBOX 240931 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA 431 AM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...A MIX OF SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN WILL IMPACT SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE AFTER MIDNIGHT FRIDAY ENDING BY MIDDAY... NHZ011-012-015-241745- /O.NEW.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.110225T0600Z-110225T1900Z/ CHESHIRE NH-EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH NH- WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...JAFFREY...KEENE...MANCHESTER...NASHUA... PETERBOROUGH...WEARE 431 AM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 2 PM EST FRIDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TAUNTON HAS ISSUED A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FOR ACCUMULATING SNOW...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 2 PM EST FRIDAY. * LOCATIONS...CHESHIRE AND HILLSBOROUGH COUNTIES IN SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN. * ACCUMULATIONS...3 TO 5 INCHES OF SNOW...WITH A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...AFTER MIDNIGHT FRIDAY INTO MIDDAY FRIDAY. THE MAJORITY OF SNOW WILL IMPACT THE REGION AROUND THE TIME OF MORNING COMMUTE TAPERING BY LATE MORNING TOWARDS THE NORTH. * IMPACTS...UNTREATED ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY. REDUCTION IN VISIBILITY WILL ALSO HAMPER TRAVEL DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. * WINDS...EAST 5 TO 10 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER MILE OR LESS AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS ISSUED WHEN SNOW AND/OR ICE IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP IN THE AFFECTED AREAS...BUT ACCUMULATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO BE LIGHT. ANY SNOW OR ICE WOULD MAKE DRIVING AND WALKING DIFFICULT...BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE...ON UNTREATED ROADWAYS AND SIDEWALKS. WHEN TEMPERATURES ARE BELOW FREEZING...MOTORISTS NEED TO BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL ON BRIDGES AND OVERPASSES WHERE SLIPPERY SPOTS CAN EASILY DEVELOP. && $$ SIPPRELL
6 follow-up statements
739 WWUS41 KBOX 241629 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA 1129 AM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...A MIX OF SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN WILL IMPACT SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE AFTER MIDNIGHT FRIDAY ENDING BY MIDDAY... NHZ011-012-015-250030- /O.CON.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.110225T0600Z-110225T1900Z/ CHESHIRE NH-EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH NH- WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...JAFFREY...KEENE...MANCHESTER...NASHUA... PETERBOROUGH...WEARE 1129 AM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 2 PM EST FRIDAY... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 1 AM TO 2 PM EST FRIDAY. * LOCATIONS...CHESHIRE AND HILLSBOROUGH COUNTIES IN SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 3 TO 5 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...AFTER MIDNIGHT FRIDAY INTO MIDDAY FRIDAY. THE MAJORITY OF SNOW WILL IMPACT THE REGION AROUND THE TIME OF MORNING COMMUTE TAPERING BY LATE MORNING TOWARDS THE NORTH. * IMPACTS...UNTREATED ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY. REDUCTION IN VISIBILITY WILL ALSO HAMPER TRAVEL DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. * WINDS...EAST 5 TO 10 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS ISSUED WHEN SNOW AND/OR ICE IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP IN THE AFFECTED AREAS...BUT ACCUMULATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO BE LIGHT. ANY SNOW OR ICE WOULD MAKE DRIVING AND WALKING DIFFICULT...BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE...ON UNTREATED ROADWAYS AND SIDEWALKS. WHEN TEMPERATURES ARE BELOW FREEZING...MOTORISTS NEED TO BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL ON BRIDGES AND OVERPASSES WHERE SLIPPERY SPOTS CAN EASILY DEVELOP. && $$
853 WWUS41 KBOX 242042 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA 342 PM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN WILL IMPACT INTERIOR SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND AFTER MIDNIGHT BEFORE TAPERING OFF FRIDAY AFTERNOON... NHZ011-015-250445- /O.UPG.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.110225T0600Z-110225T1900Z/ /O.NEW.KBOX.WS.W.0009.110225T0800Z-110226T0000Z/ CHESHIRE NH-WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...JAFFREY...KEENE...PETERBOROUGH...WEARE 342 PM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TAUNTON HAS ISSUED A WINTER STORM WARNING FOR SNOW AND SLEET...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY. THE WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. * LOCATIONS...CHESHIRE AND WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY NEW HAMPSHIRE. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW AND SLEET. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 4 TO 8 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW WILL BEGIN AFTER MIDNIGHT AND BECOMING HEAVY AT TIMES DURING THE FRIDAY MORNING COMMUTE. SNOW WILL MIX WITH SLEET AND MAY EVENTUALLY CHANGE TO RAIN BEFORE TAPERING OFF IN THE AFTERNOON. SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS OR SQUALLS POSSIBLE LATE FRIDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING WITH A QUICK DROP IN TEMPERATURE ANTICIPATED. * IMPACTS...ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY AND TRAVEL WILL BE IMPACTED. ISOLATED POWER OUTAGES POSSIBLE DUE TO THE WEIGHT OF THE SNOW. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 5 TO 10 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 25 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER STORM WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN AN AVERAGE OF 6 OR MORE INCHES OF SNOW IS EXPECTED IN A 12 HOUR PERIOD...OR FOR 8 OR MORE INCHES IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD. TRAVEL WILL BE SLOW AT BEST ON WELL TREATED SURFACES...AND QUITE DIFFICULT ON ANY UN PLOWED OR UNTREATED SURFACES. && $$ MAZ002>004-008>010-026-250445- /O.EXB.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.110225T0800Z-110226T0000Z/ WESTERN FRANKLIN MA-EASTERN FRANKLIN MA-NORTHERN WORCESTER MA- WESTERN HAMPSHIRE MA-WESTERN HAMPDEN MA-EASTERN HAMPSHIRE MA- NORTHERN MIDDLESEX MA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CHARLEMONT...GREENFIELD...ORANGE... BARRE...FITCHBURG...CHESTERFIELD...BLANDFORD...AMHERST... NORTHAMPTON...AYER 342 PM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TAUNTON HAS ISSUED A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SNOW SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY. * LOCATIONS...NORTHWESTERN MASSACHUSETTS...NORTH CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...SLEET AND ISOLATED POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 3 TO 5 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW WILL BEGIN AFTER MIDNIGHT AND BECOMING HEAVY AT TIMES DURING THE FRIDAY MORNING COMMUTE. SNOW WILL QUICKLY MIX WITH SLEET WITH ISOLATED POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN BEFORE CHANGING TO RAIN BEFORE TAPERING OFF BY EARLY AFTERNOON. SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS OR SQUALLS ANTICIPATED LATE FRIDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING ALONG WITH A QUICK DROP IN TEMPERATURE. * IMPACTS...ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY AND TRAVEL WILL BE IMPACTED. ISOLATED POWER OUTAGES POSSIBLE DUE TO SNOWFALL AND GLAZING OF A TENTH OF AN INCH OR LESS. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 5 TO 15 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 25 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE MID 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS ISSUED WHEN SNOW AND/OR ICE IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP IN THE AFFECTED AREAS...BUT ACCUMULATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO BE LIGHT. ANY SNOW OR ICE WOULD MAKE DRIVING AND WALKING DIFFICULT...BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE...ON UNTREATED ROADWAYS AND SIDEWALKS. WHEN TEMPERATURES ARE BELOW FREEZING...MOTORISTS NEED TO BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL ON BRIDGES AND OVERPASSES WHERE SLIPPERY SPOTS CAN EASILY DEVELOP. && $$ NHZ012-250445- /O.EXT.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.110225T0800Z-110226T0000Z/ EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MANCHESTER...NASHUA 342 PM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY NOW IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY... THE WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS NOW IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY. * LOCATIONS...EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY IN SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 3 TO 5 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW WILL BEGIN AFTER MIDNIGHT AND BECOMING BRIEFLY HEAVY AT TIMES DURING THE FRIDAY MORNING COMMUTE. SNOW WILL QUICKLY MIX WITH SLEET WITH ISOLATED POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN BEFORE CHANGING TO RAIN BY AFTERNOON. SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS LATE FRIDAY AFTERNOON WITH A QUICK DROP IN TEMPERATURE ANTICIPATED BY EVENING. * IMPACTS...UNTREATED ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY. REDUCTION IN VISIBILITY WILL ALSO HAMPER TRAVEL DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 5 TO 10 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 30 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS ISSUED WHEN SNOW AND/OR ICE IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP IN THE AFFECTED AREAS...BUT ACCUMULATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO BE LIGHT. ANY SNOW OR ICE WOULD MAKE DRIVING AND WALKING DIFFICULT...BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE...ON UNTREATED ROADWAYS AND SIDEWALKS. WHEN TEMPERATURES ARE BELOW FREEZING...MOTORISTS NEED TO BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL ON BRIDGES AND OVERPASSES WHERE SLIPPERY SPOTS CAN EASILY DEVELOP. && $$
853 WWUS41 KBOX 250413 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA 1113 PM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN WILL IMPACT INTERIOR SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND OVERNIGHT BEFORE TAPERING OFF FRIDAY AFTERNOON... NHZ011-015-251215- /O.CON.KBOX.WS.W.0009.110225T0800Z-110226T0000Z/ CHESHIRE NH-WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...JAFFREY...KEENE...PETERBOROUGH...WEARE 1113 PM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY... A WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY. * LOCATIONS...CHESHIRE AND WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY NEW HAMPSHIRE. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW AND SLEET. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 4 TO 8 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW WILL BEGIN AFTER MIDNIGHT AND BECOME HEAVY AT TIMES DURING THE FRIDAY MORNING COMMUTE. SNOW WILL MIX WITH SLEET...AND MAY EVENTUALLY CHANGE TO RAIN...BEFORE TAPERING OFF IN THE AFTERNOON. SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS OR SQUALLS ARE POSSIBLE LATE FRIDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING WITH A QUICK DROP IN TEMPERATURE ANTICIPATED. * IMPACTS...ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY AND TRAVEL WILL BE IMPACTED. ISOLATED POWER OUTAGES POSSIBLE DUE TO THE WEIGHT OF THE SNOW. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 5 TO 10 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 35 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER STORM WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN AN AVERAGE OF 6 OR MORE INCHES OF SNOW IS EXPECTED IN A 12 HOUR PERIOD...OR FOR 8 OR MORE INCHES IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD. TRAVEL WILL BE SLOW AT BEST ON WELL TREATED SURFACES...AND QUITE DIFFICULT ON ANY UN PLOWED OR UNTREATED SURFACES. && $$ MAZ002>004-008>010-026-NHZ012-251215- /O.CON.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.110225T0800Z-110226T0000Z/ WESTERN FRANKLIN MA-EASTERN FRANKLIN MA-NORTHERN WORCESTER MA- WESTERN HAMPSHIRE MA-WESTERN HAMPDEN MA-EASTERN HAMPSHIRE MA- NORTHERN MIDDLESEX MA-EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CHARLEMONT...GREENFIELD...ORANGE... BARRE...FITCHBURG...CHESTERFIELD...BLANDFORD...AMHERST... NORTHAMPTON...AYER...MANCHESTER...NASHUA 1113 PM EST THU FEB 24 2011 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 7 PM EST FRIDAY. * LOCATIONS...EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY IN SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 3 TO 5 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW WILL BEGIN AFTER MIDNIGHT AND BECOME BRIEFLY HEAVY AT TIMES DURING THE FRIDAY MORNING COMMUTE. SNOW WILL QUICKLY MIX WITH SLEET...ALONG WITH ISOLATED POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN... BEFORE CHANGING TO RAIN BY AFTERNOON. SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS WITH A QUICK DROP IN TEMPERATURE ARE ANTICIPATED BY FRIDAY EVENING. * IMPACTS...UNTREATED ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY. REDUCTION IN VISIBILITY WILL ALSO HAMPER TRAVEL DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 5 TO 15 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 40 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE MID 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS ISSUED WHEN SNOW AND/OR ICE IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP IN THE AFFECTED AREAS...BUT ACCUMULATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO BE LIGHT. ANY SNOW OR ICE WOULD MAKE DRIVING AND WALKING DIFFICULT...BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE...ON UNTREATED ROADWAYS AND SIDEWALKS. WHEN TEMPERATURES ARE BELOW FREEZING...MOTORISTS NEED TO BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL ON BRIDGES AND OVERPASSES WHERE SLIPPERY SPOTS CAN EASILY DEVELOP. && $$
017 WWUS41 KBOX 250959 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA 459 AM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN WILL IMPACT INTERIOR SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND INTO THIS AFTERNOON... MAZ002-008-009-251800- /O.UPG.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.000000T0000Z-110226T0000Z/ /O.EXA.KBOX.WS.W.0009.000000T0000Z-110226T0000Z/ WESTERN FRANKLIN MA-WESTERN HAMPSHIRE MA-WESTERN HAMPDEN MA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CHARLEMONT...CHESTERFIELD...BLANDFORD 459 AM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...WINTER STORM WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TAUNTON HAS ISSUED A WINTER STORM WARNING FOR SNOW...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING. THE WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. * LOCATIONS...WESTERN PORTIONS OF FRANKLIN...HAMPSHIRE...AND HAMPDEN COUNTIES IN MASSACHUSETTS. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...MIXING WITH SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN AT TIMES DURING THE EARLY AFTERNOON. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 4 TO 8 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...EXPECT SNOW TO CONTINUE ACROSS THE WARNING AREA THROUGH LATE MORNING. THE SNOW WILL MIX WITH SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN BY EARLY AFTERNOON BEFORE TRANSITIONING BACK TO ALL SNOW BY EARLY EVENING. THE SNOW SHOULD TAPER OFF INTO THE LATE EVENING. * IMPACTS...ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY AND TRAVEL WILL BE IMPACTED. POWER OUTAGES ARE POSSIBLE DUE TO THE WEIGHT OF THE SNOW AND GUSTY WINDS. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 10 TO 20 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 30 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...AROUND 30. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER STORM WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN AN AVERAGE OF 6 OR MORE INCHES OF SNOW IS EXPECTED IN A 12 HOUR PERIOD...OR FOR 8 OR MORE INCHES IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD. TRAVEL WILL BE SLOW AT BEST ON WELL TREATED SURFACES...AND QUITE DIFFICULT ON ANY UN PLOWED OR UNTREATED SURFACES. && $$ NHZ011-015-251800- /O.CON.KBOX.WS.W.0009.000000T0000Z-110226T0000Z/ CHESHIRE NH-WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...JAFFREY...KEENE...PETERBOROUGH...WEARE 459 AM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING... A WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING. * LOCATIONS...CHESHIRE AND WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY NEW HAMPSHIRE. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...MIXING WITH SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN AT TIMES DURING THE LATE MORNING AND EARLY AFTERNOON. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 6 TO 10 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW WILL CONTINUE AND BECOME HEAVY AT TIMES DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. SNOW WILL MIX WITH SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN DURING THE LATE MORNING AND EARLY AFTERNOON. A QUICK DROP IN TEMPERATURES DURING THE LATE AFTERNOON INTO THE EVENING WILL ALLOW FOR A TRANSITION BACK TO ALL SNOW. SNOW WILL TAPER OFF INTO THE LATE EVENING. * IMPACTS...ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY AND TRAVEL WILL BE IMPACTED. ISOLATED POWER OUTAGES POSSIBLE DUE TO THE WEIGHT OF THE SNOW. REDUCED VISIBILITY WILL HAMPER TRAVEL DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 5 TO 15 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 30 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER STORM WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN AN AVERAGE OF 6 OR MORE INCHES OF SNOW IS EXPECTED IN A 12 HOUR PERIOD...OR FOR 8 OR MORE INCHES IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD. TRAVEL WILL BE SLOW AT BEST ON WELL TREATED SURFACES...AND QUITE DIFFICULT ON ANY UN PLOWED OR UNTREATED SURFACES. && $$ MAZ003-004-010-026-NHZ012-251800- /O.CON.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.000000T0000Z-110226T0000Z/ EASTERN FRANKLIN MA-NORTHERN WORCESTER MA-EASTERN HAMPSHIRE MA- NORTHERN MIDDLESEX MA-EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...GREENFIELD...ORANGE...BARRE... FITCHBURG...AMHERST...NORTHAMPTON...AYER...MANCHESTER...NASHUA 459 AM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING. * LOCATIONS...IN MASSACHUSETTS...EASTERN FRANKLIN AND HAMPSHIRE COUNTIES AS WELL AS NORTHERN MIDDLESEX AND WORCESTER COUNTIES. IN NEW HAMPSHIRE...EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 3 TO 5 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW WILL WILL CONTINUE AND BECOME HEAVY AT TIMES DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. SNOW WILL QUICKLY MIX WITH SLEET...ALONG WITH ISOLATED POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN...BEFORE CHANGING TO ALL RAIN BY AFTERNOON. SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS WITH A QUICK DROP IN TEMPERATURE ARE ANTICIPATED BY THIS EVENING. * IMPACTS...UNTREATED ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY. REDUCTION IN VISIBILITY WILL ALSO HAMPER TRAVEL DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 10 TO 20 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 35 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS ISSUED WHEN SNOW AND/OR ICE IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP IN THE AFFECTED AREAS...BUT ACCUMULATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO BE LIGHT. ANY SNOW OR ICE WOULD MAKE DRIVING AND WALKING DIFFICULT...BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE...ON UNTREATED ROADWAYS AND SIDEWALKS. WHEN TEMPERATURES ARE BELOW FREEZING...MOTORISTS NEED TO BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL ON BRIDGES AND OVERPASSES WHERE SLIPPERY SPOTS CAN EASILY DEVELOP. && $$ DOODY/SIPPRELL
892 WWUS41 KBOX 251531 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA 1031 AM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN WILL IMPACT INTERIOR SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND INTO THIS AFTERNOON... NHZ011-015-252345- /O.CON.KBOX.WS.W.0009.000000T0000Z-110226T0000Z/ CHESHIRE NH-WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...JAFFREY...KEENE...PETERBOROUGH...WEARE 1031 AM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING... A WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING. * LOCATIONS...CHESHIRE AND WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY NEW HAMPSHIRE. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...MIXING WITH SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN AT TIMES THROUGH THE EARLY AFTERNOON. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 5 TO 9 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW WILL MIX WITH SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN AND POSSIBLY RAIN DURING THE EARLY AFTERNOON. A QUICK DROP IN TEMPERATURES DURING THE LATE AFTERNOON INTO THE EVENING WILL ALLOW FOR A TRANSITION BACK TO ALL SNOW. SNOW WILL TAPER OFF INTO THE LATE EVENING. * IMPACTS...ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY AND TRAVEL WILL BE IMPACTED. ISOLATED POWER OUTAGES POSSIBLE DUE TO THE WEIGHT OF THE SNOW. REDUCED VISIBILITY WILL HAMPER TRAVEL DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. * WINDS...NORTH 5 TO 15 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 30 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER STORM WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN AN AVERAGE OF 6 OR MORE INCHES OF SNOW IS EXPECTED IN A 12 HOUR PERIOD...OR FOR 8 OR MORE INCHES IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD. TRAVEL WILL BE SLOW AT BEST ON WELL TREATED SURFACES...AND QUITE DIFFICULT ON ANY UN PLOWED OR UNTREATED SURFACES. && $$ MAZ002-008-009-252345- /O.CON.KBOX.WS.W.0009.000000T0000Z-110226T0000Z/ WESTERN FRANKLIN MA-WESTERN HAMPSHIRE MA-WESTERN HAMPDEN MA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CHARLEMONT...CHESTERFIELD...BLANDFORD 1031 AM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING... A WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING. * LOCATIONS...WESTERN PORTIONS OF FRANKLIN...HAMPSHIRE...AND HAMPDEN COUNTIES IN MASSACHUSETTS. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...MIXING WITH SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN AT TIMES DURING THE EARLY AFTERNOON. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 4 TO 8 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW WILL MIX WITH SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN AND RAIN BY EARLY AFTERNOON BEFORE TRANSITIONING BACK TO ALL SNOW BY EARLY EVENING. THE SNOW SHOULD TAPER OFF INTO THE LATE EVENING. * IMPACTS...ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY AND TRAVEL WILL BE IMPACTED. POWER OUTAGES ARE POSSIBLE DUE TO THE WEIGHT OF THE SNOW AND GUSTY WINDS. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 10 TO 20 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 30 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER STORM WARNING IS ISSUED WHEN AN AVERAGE OF 6 OR MORE INCHES OF SNOW IS EXPECTED IN A 12 HOUR PERIOD...OR FOR 8 OR MORE INCHES IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD. TRAVEL WILL BE SLOW AT BEST ON WELL TREATED SURFACES...AND QUITE DIFFICULT ON ANY UN PLOWED OR UNTREATED SURFACES. && $$ MAZ003-004-010-026-NHZ012-252345- /O.CON.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.000000T0000Z-110226T0000Z/ EASTERN FRANKLIN MA-NORTHERN WORCESTER MA-EASTERN HAMPSHIRE MA- NORTHERN MIDDLESEX MA-EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...GREENFIELD...ORANGE...BARRE... FITCHBURG...AMHERST...NORTHAMPTON...AYER...MANCHESTER...NASHUA 1031 AM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM EST THIS EVENING. * LOCATIONS...IN MASSACHUSETTS...EASTERN FRANKLIN AND HAMPSHIRE COUNTIES AS WELL AS NORTHERN MIDDLESEX AND WORCESTER COUNTIES. IN NEW HAMPSHIRE...EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. * HAZARD TYPES...SNOW...SLEET...AND FREEZING RAIN. * ACCUMULATIONS...SNOW ACCUMULATION OF 2 TO 4 INCHES...ALONG WITH AROUND A TRACE OF ICE. * TIMING...SNOW MIXING WITH SLEET...ALONG WITH ISOLATED POCKETS OF FREEZING RAIN AND RAIN THIS AFTERNOON. SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS WITH A QUICK DROP IN TEMPERATURE CAN BE ANTICIPATED BY THIS EVENING. * IMPACTS...UNTREATED ROADS WILL BECOME SLIPPERY. REDUCTION IN VISIBILITY WILL ALSO HAMPER TRAVEL DURING THE MORNING COMMUTE. * WINDS...NORTHEAST 10 TO 20 MPH WITH GUSTS UP TO 35 MPH. * TEMPERATURES...IN THE LOWER 30S. * VISIBILITIES...ONE QUARTER TO ONE HALF MILE AT TIMES. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS ISSUED WHEN SNOW AND/OR ICE IS FORECAST TO DEVELOP IN THE AFFECTED AREAS...BUT ACCUMULATIONS ARE EXPECTED TO BE LIGHT. ANY SNOW OR ICE WOULD MAKE DRIVING AND WALKING DIFFICULT...BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE...ON UNTREATED ROADWAYS AND SIDEWALKS. WHEN TEMPERATURES ARE BELOW FREEZING...MOTORISTS NEED TO BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL ON BRIDGES AND OVERPASSES WHERE SLIPPERY SPOTS CAN EASILY DEVELOP. && $$
461 WWUS41 KBOX 252108 WSWBOX URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA 408 PM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 MAZ002-008-009-NHZ011-015-252215- /O.CAN.KBOX.WS.W.0009.000000T0000Z-110226T0000Z/ WESTERN FRANKLIN MA-WESTERN HAMPSHIRE MA-WESTERN HAMPDEN MA- CHESHIRE NH-WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CHARLEMONT...CHESTERFIELD...BLANDFORD... JAFFREY...KEENE...PETERBOROUGH...WEARE 408 PM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...WINTER STORM WARNING IS CANCELLED... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TAUNTON HAS CANCELLED THE WINTER STORM WARNING. STEADY ACCUMULATING SNOW HAS COME TO AN END. A COLD FRONT WILL SWEEP THROUGH THE AREA EARLY THIS EVENING AND WILL BRING ANOTHER ROUND OF LIGHT SNOW WITH ANOTHER INCH OF ACCUMULATION POSSIBLE. UNTREATED ROADS AND WALKWAYS WILL REMAIN SLIPPERY THIS EVENING AS TEMPERATURES DROP THROUGH THE 20S. $$ MAZ003-004-010-026-NHZ012-252215- /O.CAN.KBOX.WW.Y.0013.000000T0000Z-110226T0000Z/ EASTERN FRANKLIN MA-NORTHERN WORCESTER MA-EASTERN HAMPSHIRE MA- NORTHERN MIDDLESEX MA-EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH NH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...GREENFIELD...ORANGE...BARRE... FITCHBURG...AMHERST...NORTHAMPTON...AYER...MANCHESTER...NASHUA 408 PM EST FRI FEB 25 2011 ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IS CANCELLED... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TAUNTON HAS CANCELLED THE WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY. A MIX OF SNOW SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN HAS COME TO AN END ACROSS THE AREA. A COLD FRONT WILL SWEEP THROUGH THE AREA EARLY THIS EVENING AND MAY BRING ANOTHER INCH OF ACCUMULATION. UNTREATED ROADS AND WALKWAYS WILL REMAIN SLIPPERY THIS EVENING AS TEMPERATURES DROP THROUGH THE 20S. $$
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this winter weather advisory went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Boston/Norton, MA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this winter weather advisory went out at Feb 24, 12:16 AM EST, 4 hours 15 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Feb 24, 12:16 AM EST, 4 hours 15 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
1216 AM EST THU FEB 24 2011
.SYNOPSIS...
HIGH PRESSURE WILL PUSH ACROSS NEW ENGLAND AND OFF THE COAST ON
THURSDAY. LOW PRESSURE WILL BRING MAINLY HEAVY RAIN WITH SOME
SNOW/ICE FOR A TIME ACROSS THE INTERIOR THURSDAY NIGHT AND FRIDAY.
A WEAKER SYSTEM MAY BRING SOME LIGHT SNOW TO THE REGION SATURDAY
NIGHT AND SUNDAY. LOW PRESSURE MOVING OUT OF THE SOUTHWEST USA
WILL BRING SNOW...RAIN...AND MILDER TEMPERATURES MONDAY.
&&
.NEAR TERM /THROUGH THURSDAY/...
THE GENERAL PATTERN FOR LATE TONIGHT INTO THURS IS PRETTY WELL
ESTABLISHED. SFC RIDGE OF HIGH PRES EXTENDING THRU WRN NEW ENGLAND
INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC WILL SLIDE SEWD OUT OF THE RGN BY THE LATE
MORNING HRS...WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY A MID-UPR LVL RIDGE OF HIGH
PRES PROGRESSES EWD LENDING TO INCREASING FLOW OUT OF THE SW ALOFT.
THIS WILL RESULT IN STRONG ISENTROPIC ASCENT OF WARM MOIST AIR AT
MID-LVLS AND INCREASING CLOUDS THRU THE AFTN ACROSS THE RGN AHEAD
OF THE DVLPNG LOW THRU THE LWR MS VLY.
LGT AND VRB SFC WINDS WILL CONTINUE INTO MORNING. AS SHORELINE
COMMUNITIES ARE PRESENTLY EXPERIENCING 5 TO 10 MPH NW WINDS...
THEY SHOULD RELAX INTO THE MORNING AS WELL. OVRNGT LOWS TOWARDS
SUNRISE WILL FALL INTO THE SINGLE DIGITS FOR INTERIOR SECTIONS
WITH TEENS ALONG THE SHORE AND LWR CT VLY...WITH VALUES IN THE
LOW-MID 20S FOR THE CAPE AND ISLSNDS
QUESTIONS REVOLVE AS TO THE STRENGTH OF THE WARM AND MOIST
ADVECTION ALOFT AGAINST THE RETREATING SFC HIGH...AND THE ONSET OF
PRECIP. WITH A COMPONENT OF SLY AIR FROM THE DEPARTING SFC HIGH
LOW-MID LVLS SHOULD REMAIN FAIRLY DRY THRU THE COURSE OF THURS. IN
ADDITION THE BETTER MID-LVL FORCING PARENT WITH SHRTWV ENERGY IS
LAGGED WITH THE SFC WARM FRONT AND BETTER BAROCLINIC RGN WHICH BY
THURS EVNG IS SLOWLY LIFTING THRU THE MID-ATLANTIC. SHOULD ANY
PRECIP FALL ACROSS THE RGN PRIOR TO SUNSET IT WILL ENCOUNTER
DIFFICULTY IN REACHING THE SFC DUE TO THE ABUNDANCE OF LLVL DRY
AIR.
HAVE KEPT PRETTY WELL CONSISTENT TO PREV FORECASTERS THINKING.
HAVE GONE WITH METNAM GUIDANCE FOR SFC WINDS WHILE TRENDING
INCREASING CLOUDY CONDITIONS INTO THE EVNG PERIOD. WITH WINDS
BACKING OUT OF THE S AND INCREASING CLOUDS...SFC TEMPS SHOULD
MODERATE INTO THE UPR 30S INTO THE LOW 40S FOR THURS. BEGIN TO
INTRODUCE SLGT CHCS AFTER 4 PM THURS...WITH BETTER CHCS DEVELOPING
BY MIDNIGHT FRIDAY.
&&
.SHORT TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY/...
THURSDAY NIGHT AND FRIDAY...
***A WIDE VARIETY OF WEATHER EXPECTED THU NIGHT/FRIDAY...
THE MODELS HAVE COME INTO BETTER AGREEMENT ON THE TRACK OF LOW
PRESSURE DEVELOPING OVER THE SOUTHERN PLAINS. MODEL CONSENSUS TAKES
THE INTENSIFYING STORM SYSTEM NEAR OR JUST INSIDE THE I-95
CORRIDOR. SINCE WE ARE STILL MORE THAN 48 HOURS AWAY FROM THE
EVENT...THE TRACK AND ITS EXACT IMPACTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE.
HOWEVER...FEEL WE HAVE A MUCH BETTER FEEL OF WHAT WILL UNFOLD THAN
WE DID 24 HOURS AGO. THIS SYSTEM WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE
A VARIETY OF WEATHER ACROSS THE REGION. THE FIRST INCLUDES SOME
SNOW/ICE ACROSS THE INTERIOR. THE SECOND IS ADDRESSING HEAVY
RAIN/FLOOD POTENTIAL ON THE COASTAL PLAIN. FINALLY...THE THIRD WILL
REVOLVE AROUND THE POTENTIAL FOR A SHORT PERIOD OF STRONG TO
POSSIBLY DAMAGING WINDS ACROSS RHODE ISLAND/SOUTHEAST MA. WE WILL
GO THROUGH ALL THREE POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN THE DISCUSSION BELOW. AS
FOR THE TIMING OF THE PRECIPITATION...IT SHOULD ARRIVE THURSDAY
EVENING FROM WEST TO EAST...WITH THE HEAVIEST COMING ON FRIDAY.
1) SNOW AND ICE POTENTIAL:
BASED ON VARIOUS MODEL SOUNDINGS THE SNOW/ICE THREAT SHOULD BE
CONFINED TO INTERIOR SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND. AS WE ALL KNOW...THERMAL
PROFILES ARE EXTREMELY SENSITIVE TO THE SLIGHTEST MODEL ERRORS.
THIS CAN HAVE HUGE RAMIFICATIONS ON PRECIPITATION TYPES AND OF
COURSE ACCUMULATIONS. THEREFORE...SNOWFALL AMOUNTS ARE UNCERTAIN
AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE. AT THIS POINT THOUGH IT DOES NOT LOOK LIKE A
MAJOR SNOW/ICE EVENT FOR MOST OF OUR REGION. IT LOOKS LIKE 1 TO 3
INCHES OF SNOW IS THE BEST BET ACROSS NORTHWEST/NORTH CENTRAL
THURSDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY FRIDAY MORNING. WARMING MID LEVEL
TEMPERATURES WITH INTENSIFYING LOW LEVEL JET WOULD LIKELY TURN THE
PRECIPITATION TO RAIN FRIDAY MORNING. HOWEVER...POCKETS OF MARGINAL
FREEZING RAIN WILL REMAIN POSSIBLE ACROSS THE HIGHER TERRAIN INTO
THE EARLY AFTERNOON. MARGINAL TEMPERATURES OF 31 OR 32 DEGREES
DURING THE DAYLIGHT HOURS OF LATE FEBRUARY MAY LIMIT THE IMPACT OF
ICING AS OPPOSED TO IT OCCURRING NI DECEMBER OR JANUARY. THE MAIN
CONCERN BY LATER FRIDAY MORNING WILL BE THE THREAT FOR URBAN AND
POOR DRAINAGE STREET FLOODING...ESPECIALLY WHERE SNOW CLOGS STORM
DRAINS.
THE ONE AREA WILL HAVE TO WATCH FOR MORE OF A WINTER WEATHER
POTENTIAL IS IN OUR EXTREME NORTHWEST COUNTY WARNING AREA. THIS
INCLUDES NORTHERN CHESHIRE AND NORTHERN HILLSBOROUGH COUNTIES IN
SOUTHERN NH. THIS AREA COULD SEE A SWATH OF 2 TO 6 INCHES OF SNOW
BASED ON MOST OF THE DATA. NOW THE GFS IS THE OUTLIER AND INDICATES
A COLDER SOLUTION WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR OVER 6 INCHES OF WET SNOW
ACROSS THIS REGION. NOW WE CAN NOT COMPLETELY RULE THIS SOLUTION
OUT...BUT IT SEEMS A LOW PROBABILITY AT THIS TIME. THEREFORE...NO
WINTER STORM WATCH WILL BE ISSUED AT THIS TIME. HOWEVER...IF THE
00Z GUIDANCE TRENDS A BIT SOUTH ONE WILL HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED FOR
SOUTHERN NH.
2) HEAVY RAIN AND FLOOD POTENTIAL ON THE COASTAL PLAIN:
A VERY BRIEF PERIOD OF WET SNOW CAN NOT BE RULED OUT THURSDAY
EVENING...BUT LITTLE IF ANY ACCUMULATIONS ARE EXPECTED.
OTHERWISE...THE MODELS ARE IN VERY GOOD AGREEMENT IN SHOWING 1.50 TO
2 INCHES OF RAIN FALLING ACROSS THE COASTAL PLAIN THURSDAY NIGHT
INTO FRIDAY. THE HEAVIEST IS EXPECTED TO FALL FRIDAY MORNING INTO
THE EARLY AFTERNOON. THIS WILL ALMOST SURELY RESULT IN A VERY MESSY
FRIDAY MORNING RUSH HOUR WITH PLENTY OF URBAN AND POOR DRAINAGE
STREET FLOODING...ESPECIALLY WHERE SNOW CLOGS STORM DRAINS. THE
RIVER FORECAST CENTER RAN A CONTINGENCY BASED ON 2 INCHES OF RAIN IN
A SHORT TIME AND IT CAUSED A LOT OF RISES BUT NO RIVER FLOODING.
THEREFORE...NO FLOOD WATCH IS PLANNED AT THIS TIME. WILL HIGHLIGHT
THE EXPECTED URBAN/POOR DRAINAGE STREET FLOODING AND THE POSSIBLE
NEED FOR SHORT FUSED FLOOD ADVISORIES IN THE HAZARDOUS WEATHER
OUTLOOK. ALSO...WILL INCLUDE A SLIGHT CHANCE OF THUNDER FOR RHODE
ISLAND/SOUTHEAST MA WITH THE STRONG LOW LEVEL JET.
3) PERIOD OF STRONG WINDS ACROSS RHODE ISLAND/SOUTHEAST MA:
BASED ON THE EXPECTED TRACK IT APPEARS THE PORTIONS OF RHODE
ISLAND/SOUTHEAST MA WILL WARM SECTOR FOR A FEW HOURS LATE FRIDAY
MORNING/AFTERNOON. THE NAM INDICATES AS SOUTHWEST LOW LEVEL JET OF
UP TO 90 KNOTS AT 850 MB AT 18Z FRIDAY. SURFACE TEMPERATURES MAY
SOAR INTO THE 50S ACROSS RHODE ISLAND/SOUTHEAST MA WHICH MAY ALLOW
FOR THESE STRONG WINDS TO MIX DOWN FOR A FEW HOURS. FEEL THERE IS A
MEDIUM TO HIGH PROBABILITY THAT WE WILL NEED A WIND ADVISORY FOR
FRIDAY. THERE IS EVEN A LOW PROBABILITY FOR A HIGH WIND
WATCH/WARNING EVENTUALLY BEING NEEDED FOR INTERIOR RHODE
ISLAND/SOUTHEAST MA WHERE BOUNDARY LAYER TEMPERATURES GET THE
HIGHEST. EITHER WAY...HEAVY RAIN COMBINED WITH A PERIOD OF STRONG
WINDS COULD RESULT IN SOME DAMAGE.
FRIDAY NIGHT AND SATURDAY...
LINGERING PRECIPITATION SHOULD COME TO AN END FRIDAY EVENING.
HOWEVER...A BURST OF 30 TO 40 KNOT NORTHWEST WIND GUSTS WILL OCCUR
IN THE COLD AIR ADVECTION PATTERN. IT MAY RESULT IN MARGINAL WIND
ADVISORY CRITERIA ACROSS A PORTION OF THE AREA FRIDAY NIGHT.
OTHERWISE...DRY AND SEASONABLY COLD AIR RETURNS LATER FRIDAY NIGHT
INTO SATURDAY.
&&
.LONG TERM /SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
UPPER FLOW STARTS THE LONG TERM IN A SPLIT FLOW. AS A SHORTWAVE
MOVES OUT OF THE SOUTHWEST THE FLOW THEN UNIFIES WITH HUDSON BAY LOW
PULLING THE SOUTHWEST SHORTWAVE INTO THE GREAT LAKES AND EASTERN
CANADA. THE PERIOD ENDS WITH CYCLONIC FLOW OVER THE NORTHEAST USA
AND OVER THE GULF OF ALASKA.
TEMPERATURES ARE A BLEND OF HPC AND GRIDDED MOS.
SATURDAY NIGHT-SUNDAY...
UPPER SHORTWAVE OVER THE GREAT LAKES RACES EAST ACROSS NEW ENGLAND.
A STALLED FRONT SOUTH OF NEW ENGLAND SERVES AS A FOCUS FOR THE
SHORTWAVE TO INDUCE A WEAK SURFACE LOW WHICH ALSO MOVES EAST. THE
ECMWF-GFS-GGEM AGREE ON A PERIOD OF LIGHT PCPN AS THE WAVE MOVES
PAST. THE FEATURES MOVE EAST BY LATE SUNDAY WITH THE MOISTURE LAYER
BECOMING MORE SHALLOW.
THIS CONSENSUS SUPPORTS CLOUDS WITH THE MOST LIFT BETWEEN 06Z AND
18Z SUNDAY...THIS IS OUR MAIN PERIOD OF CHANCE POPS. PTYPE LOOKS TO
BE MAINLY SNOW...EXCEPT MIXED RAIN/SNOW ALONG THE SOUTH COAST...BUT
LIGHT ENOUGH FOR AT MOST AN INCH OR TWO OF SNOW.
MONDAY...
SOUTHWEST SHORTWAVE LIFTS THROUGH THE GREAT LAKES MONDAY WITH A
SOUTH LOW LEVEL JET BUILDING TO 60-70 KNOTS AND PULLING WARM AIR
NORTH. PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES REACH 1.0 TO 1.25 INCHES...SO A
WET STORM IS EXPECTED. THE GGEM-OPERATIONAL GFS-GFS ENSEMBLE MEAN
ARE COLLECTIVELY FASTER THAN THE OPERATIONAL ECMWF...AND BRING
PCPN TO NEW ENGLAND STARTING LATE SUNDAY NIGHT. THE ECMWF STARTS
IT MONDAY MORNING. ALL MODELS TAKE THE STORM CENTER UP THROUGH
QUEBEC...PLACING OUR AREA IN THE WARM SECTOR FOR A TIME. FROM
THERMAL PROFILES WE ARE EXPECTING AN INITIAL PERIOD OF SNOW...BUT
CHANGING TO RAIN BY MONDAY AFTERNOON. THE LOW THEN SWINGS A COLD
FRONT THROUGH DURING MONDAY NIGHT/EARLY TUESDAY...PRECIP SHOULD
WIND DOWN AT THIS TIME.
STRONG SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST WINDS ALOFT LEADING THE COLD FRONT. IF
ENOUGH WARM AIR REACHES THE SURFACE THEN THERE WILL BE CONCERN FOR
STRONG AND POSSIBLY DAMAGING WIND GUSTS...THIS WILL NEED TO BE
MONITORED. WITH PRECIP WATER VALUES AT OR ABOVE AN INCH WE WILL
AGAIN NEED TO BE ALERT FOR BRIEFLY HEAVY RAIN WITH LOCAL/POOR
DRAINAGE FLOODING.
TUESDAY...
STRONG PRESSURE RISES WILL TRAIL THE LOW AND COLD FRONT. MODEL
FORECASTS SHOW 3 MB PER HOUR. THIS WILL MEAN A STIFF WEST OR
NORTHWEST WIND DURING THE DAY. THE RESULTING COLD ADVECTION WILL
DESTABILIZE THE AIRMASS...WHICH WILL BRING EVEN STRONGER WIND GUSTS
TO THE SURFACE. PROFILES SHOW POTENTIAL FOR 35-40 KNOT GUSTS DURING
THE DAY.
WEDNESDAY...
ANOTHER COLD FRONT SWINGS THROUGH WEDNESDAY WITH MORE LIMITED LIFT
AND MOISTURE. WE WENT WITH CLOUDS AND SLIGHT CHANCE POPS FOR
RAIN/SNOW SHOWERS.
&&
.AVIATION /06Z THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
FORECASTER CONFIDENCE LEVELS...
LOW...LESS THAN 30 PERCENT
MEDIUM...30 PERCENT TO 60 PERCENT
HIGH...GREATER THAN 60 PERCENT
INTO MORNING...HIGH CONFIDENCE VFR. LIGHT AND VRB FLOW FOR
INTERIOR TERMINALS. NLY WINDS PRESENTLY ALONG THE CAPE AND ISLANDS
SHOULD DISSIPATE AND BECOME CALM.
THURSDAY...HIGH CONFIDENCE VFR. MID-HIGH LVL CLOUDS WILL BE ON THE
INCREASE ACROSS THE TERMINALS THRU THE MIDDAY INTO EVENING
HRS...WITH CIGS 5-10KFT BY 0Z FRI. WINDS WILL BACK OUT OF THE
SOUTH BY MORNING AND INCREASE 5-10KTS BY MIDDAY INTO AFTN.
THURSDAY NIGHT...HIGH CONFIDENCE MVFR-IFR CONDITIONS DEVELOPING
WITH THE ONSET OF DISTURBED WEATHER. ANTICIPATE A COMBINATION OF
SNOW AND POTENTIAL ICE FOR TERMINALS ACROSS NORTHWEST MA AND
SOUTHERN NH. ANY ACCUM SHOULD BE LIGHT. RAIN WILL DEVELOP ACROSS
CENTRAL MA AND TOWARDS THE SOUTH AND EAST. POTENTIAL EXISTS FOR
MVFR IMPLICATIONS BOTH CIGS AND VSBY RELATED WITH THE ONSET OF
RAIN.
KBOS TERMINAL...HIGH CONFIDENCE FOR VFR...DETERIORATING TO MVFR-
IFR AROUND MIDNIGHT FRIDAY. EXPECT THE ONSET OF RAIN PRIOR TO
MIDNIGHT AND BOTH CIGS AND VSBYS TO FALL TOWARDS THE END OF THE
PERIOD.
OUTLOOK...FRIDAY THROUGH MONDAY...
FRIDAY...HIGH CONFIDENCE IN MVFR-IFR CONDITIONS IN RAIN ALONG THE
COASTAL PLAIN...WITH SNOW/ICE CHANGING TO RAIN ACROSS THE INTERIOR
FRIDAY MORNING. WIND SHEAR LIKELY ON FRIDAY...ESPECIALLY ALONG THE
COASTAL PLAIN. SOUTHWEST WIND GUSTS OF 35 TO 45 KNOTS ALSO
POSSIBLE LATE FRIDAY MORNING/AFTERNOON ALONG THE COASTAL PLAIN.
FRIDAY NIGHT AND SATURDAY...HIGH CONFIDENCE THAT CONDITIONS IMPROVE
TO VFR BY LATE FRIDAY EVENING AND CONTINUE THROUGH SATURDAY
AFTERNOON.
SUNDAY-MONDAY...POTENTIAL FOR MVFR CONDITIONS IN LIGHT SNOW
SUNDAY. CONDITIONS MAY IMPROVE FOR A TIME SUNDAY EVENING.
CONDITIONS THEN LOWER TO MVFR OR IFR IN SNOW OVERNIGHT CHANGING TO
RAIN MONDAY. STRONG SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED MONDAY
AFTERNOON AT 2000 FEET WITH 50-70 KNOTS POSSIBLE AT THAT LEVEL.
THIS WOULD LEAD TO LOW LEVEL WIND SHEAR. MEDIUM CONFIDENCE.
&&
.MARINE...
TONIGHT...SEAS STILL REMAIN AT 6-7 FEET E OF NANTUCKET...SO HAVE
CONTINUED THE SMALL CRAFT FOR HAZARDOUS SEAS FOR ZONE ANZ254...BUT
DISCONTINUED FOR THE REMAINING EASTERN OUTER WATERS. EXPECT SEAS TO
FINALLY SUBSIDE BY AROUND 03Z OR SO. OTHERWISE...WINDS AND SEAS WILL
REMAIN BELOW SMALL CRAFT CRITERIA.
THURSDAY...WINDS BECOME S-SW AND START TO PICK UP AS SYSTEM
APPROACHES FROM THE W. SEAS MAY BUILD BACK UP TO 5 FT LATE IN THE
DAY ON THE SOUTHERN OUTER WATERS.
OUTLOOK...THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY...
THURSDAY NIGHT AND FRIDAY...WINDS AND SEAS SHOULD REMAIN BELOW SCA
THRESHOLDS THROUGH THURSDAY EVENING. HOWEVER...INTENSIFYING LOW
PRESSURE WILL CAUSE WINDS AND SEAS TO INCREASE TO SCA THRESHOLDS
ACROSS THE SOUTHERN WATERS TOWARDS 12Z FRIDAY. WINDS WILL FURTHER
INCREASE ON FRIDAY AS A VERY STRONG SOUTHWEST LOW LEVEL JET
DEVELOPS. DESPITE THE INVERSION...THERE IS A GOOD CHANCE OF 40 KNOT
WIND GUSTS ACROSS THE SOUTHERN WATERS. THEREFORE...HAVE HOISTED A
GALE WATCH. SEAS WILL LIKELY BUILD TO 10 TO 15 FEET ACROSS THE
SOUTHERN OUTER-WATERS ON FRIDAY.
FRIDAY NIGHT AND SATURDAY...COLD ADVECTION BEHIND THE SYSTEM WILL
BRING STRONG NORTHWEST WIND GUSTS FRIDAY NIGHT. THERE IS A MEDIUM
TO HIGH PROBABILITY FOR A PERIOD OF GALE FORCE GUSTS WHICH WE WILL
HIGHLIGHT IN THE HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK. WINDS SHOULD DIMINISH
SOME ON SATURDAY...BUT 20 TO 25 KNOT NORTHWEST WIND GUSTS WILL
LIKELY CONTINUE IN THE COLD AIR ADVECTION PATTERN.
SATURDAY NIGHT...DIMINISHING WINDS AND SEAS.
SUNDAY-MONDAY...SMALL CRAFT WINDS AND SEAS DEVELOPING SUNDAY AND
CONTINUING MONDAY. LOW CONFIDENCE POTENTIAL FOR WEST-NORTHWEST
GALES MONDAY NIGHT.
&&
.BOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CT...NONE.
MA...NONE.
NH...NONE.
RI...NONE.
MARINE...GALE WATCH FROM FRIDAY MORNING THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON FOR
ANZ231>237-254>256.
&&
SYNOPSIS...WTB/FRANK/SIPPRELL
NEAR TERM...SIPPRELL
SHORT TERM...FRANK
LONG TERM...WTB
AVIATION...WTB/SIPPRELL
MARINE...WTB/FRANK/EVTHazardous weather outlook, Feb 23, 4:33 PM EST, 11 hours 58 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA 433 PM EST WED FEB 23 2011 CTZ002>004-MAZ002>024-026-NHZ011-012-015-RIZ001>008-242145- HARTFORD CT-TOLLAND CT-WINDHAM CT-WESTERN FRANKLIN MA- EASTERN FRANKLIN MA-NORTHERN WORCESTER MA-CENTRAL MIDDLESEX MA- WESTERN ESSEX MA-EASTERN ESSEX MA-WESTERN HAMPSHIRE MA- WESTERN HAMPDEN MA-EASTERN HAMPSHIRE MA-EASTERN HAMPDEN MA- SOUTHERN WORCESTER MA-WESTERN NORFOLK MA-SOUTHEAST MIDDLESEX MA- SUFFOLK MA-EASTERN NORFOLK MA-NORTHERN BRISTOL MA- WESTERN PLYMOUTH MA-EASTERN PLYMOUTH MA-SOUTHERN BRISTOL MA- SOUTHERN PLYMOUTH MA-BARNSTABLE MA-DUKES MA-NANTUCKET MA- NORTHERN MIDDLESEX MA-CHESHIRE NH-EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH NH- WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH NH-NORTHWEST PROVIDENCE RI- SOUTHEAST PROVIDENCE RI-WESTERN KENT RI-EASTERN KENT RI-BRISTOL RI- WASHINGTON RI-NEWPORT RI-BLOCK ISLAND RI- 433 PM EST WED FEB 23 2011 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHERN CONNECTICUT...CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS...EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS...NORTHEASTERN MASSACHUSETTS...SOUTHEASTERN MASSACHUSETTS...WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS...SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE...NORTHERN RHODE ISLAND AND SOUTHERN RHODE ISLAND. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT. NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. THERE IS A MEDIUM TO HIGH PROBABILITY THAT A WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY WILL BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF INTERIOR SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND THURSDAY NIGHT INTO FRIDAY. THERE IS ALSO A LOW PROBABILITY THAT A WINTER STORM WATCH/WARNING WILL BE NEEDED FOR CHESHIRE AND WESTERN HILLSBOROUGH COUNTIES IN SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE. THERE IS A MEDIUM TO HIGH PROBABILITY THAT FLOOD ADVISORIES WILL BE NEEDED FOR THE COASTAL PLAIN FRIDAY FOR HEAVY RAIN RESULTING IN POOR DRAINAGE STREET FLOODING. ACROSS RHODE ISLAND AND SOUTHEAST MASSACHUSETTS...THERE IS A MEDIUM TO HIGH PROBABILITY THAT A WIND ADVISORY WILL BE NEEDED DURING THE DAY FRIDAY FOR STRONG SOUTHWEST WIND GUSTS. THERE IS A LOW PROBABILITY THAT A HIGH WIND WATCH/WARNING WILL BE NEEDED FOR INTERIOR RHODE ISLAND AND INTERIOR SOUTHEAST MASSACHUSETTS. THERE IS A LOW TO MEDIUM PROBABILITY THAT A WIND ADVISORY WILL BE NEEDED FOR MUCH OF THE REGION BEHIND THE STORM SYSTEM FRIDAY NIGHT. THERE IS A LOW PROBABILITY THAT FLOOD ADVISORIES WOULD BE NEEDED AGAIN ON MONDAY. THERE IS A LOW PROBABILITY THAT A WIND ADVISORY WOULD BE NEEDED ON TUESDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ANZ231>237-254>256-242145- CAPE COD BAY-NANTUCKET SOUND-VINEYARD SOUND-BUZZARDS BAY- RHODE ISLAND SOUND-NARRAGANSETT BAY-BLOCK ISLAND SOUND- COASTAL WATERS FROM PROVINCETOWN MA TO CHATHAM MA TO NANTUCKET MA OUT 20 NM- COASTAL WATERS EXTENDING OUT TO 25 NM SOUTH OF MARTHAS VINEYARD AND NANTUCKET- COASTAL WATERS FROM MONTAUK NY TO MARTHAS VINEYARD EXTENDING OUT TO 20 NM SOUTH OF BLOCK ISLAND- 433 PM EST WED FEB 23 2011 ...GALE WATCH IN EFFECT FROM FRIDAY MORNING THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR MASSACHUSETTS COASTAL WATERS AND RHODE ISLAND COASTAL WATERS. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT. NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. GALE WATCH. ALSO...THERE IS A MEDIUM TO HIGH PROBABILITY THAT GALE FORCE NORTHWEST WIND GUSTS OCCUR BEHIND THE STORM SYSTEM FRIDAY NIGHT. THERE IS A LOW PROBABILITY OF WEST GALES MONDAY NIGHT AND TUESDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ANZ230-250-251-242145- BOSTON HARBOR- COASTAL WATERS EAST OF IPSWICH BAY AND THE STELLWAGEN BANK NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY-MASSACHUSETTS BAY AND IPSWICH BAY- 433 PM EST WED FEB 23 2011 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR MASSACHUSETTS COASTAL WATERS. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT. NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. THERE IS A MEDIUM TO HIGH PROBABILITY OF GALE FORCE WIND GUSTS LATE FRIDAY AND FRIDAY NIGHT. THERE IS A LOW PROBABILITY OF WEST GALES MONDAY NIGHT AND TUESDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.
The office that day
Everything else NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feb 24, 4:44 AM EST | High Wind Watch | BOX | Barnstable, Bristol, Dukes, Essex, Middlesex, Nantucket and 4 more | 34 hr |
| Feb 24, 1:49 PM EST | Flood Watch | BOX | Bristol, Essex, Hampden, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth and 2 more | 26 hr |
| Feb 24, 3:42 PM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BOX | Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire | 24 hr |
| Feb 24, 5:41 PM EST | Gale Warning | BOX | 34 hr | |
| Feb 24, 5:41 PM EST | Small Craft Advisory | BOX | 11 hr | |
| Feb 24, 5:41 PM EST | Storm Watch | BOX | 11 hr |
Nearby
Winter Weather Advisories in Massachusetts, 2011Winter Weather Advisories in New Hampshire, 2011Every winter weather advisory in 2011
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.