Alert archive / South Carolina / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2010

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 13, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC

March 28, 2010Cherokee County, Spartanburg County, York County, South Carolina

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Mar 28, 2010, 7:15 PM EDT for Cherokee County, Spartanburg County, York County, South Carolina. It was in force for 60 min. 8 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Mar 28, 2010, 7:15 PM EDT (23:15 UTC)
Expired
Mar 28, 2010, 8:15 PM EDT
In force
60 min
Issued by
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
Area
Storm-based polygon

Counties Cherokee County, SC, Spartanburg County, SC, York County, SC

The radar

The Greer radar (KGSP), 59 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:19 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Mar 28, 7:34 PM EDTTSTM WND DMG2 E Cowpens, SCSEVERAL TREES DOWN.
Mar 28, 7:34 PM EDTHAIL 12 E Cowpens, SC
Mar 28, 7:35 PM EDTTSTM WND DMG5 Ne Spartanburg, SCLARGE TREES REPORTED BLOWN DOWN IN THE CANNONS-CAMPGROUND AREA.
Mar 28, 7:47 PM EDTHAIL 1.75Gaffney, SC
Mar 28, 7:48 PM EDTHAIL 1.75Gaffney, SCHWY 18 AND EDGEWATER DR SOUTH OF GAFFNEY
Mar 28, 7:55 PM EDTHAIL 1Gaffney, SCQUARTER SIZE HAIL AT I85 AND HWY 18
Mar 28, 7:56 PM EDTHAIL 1.25Gaffney, SC
Mar 28, 8:10 PM EDTTSTM WND DMG3 Se Blacksburg, SCTREES KNOCKED DOWN

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 8 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 19 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Mar 28, 3:47 PM EDTTornado WatchSPC7 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC (KGSO), launched 12:00Z, 11.3 hours before the alert went out and 195 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC at 12:00Z on 2010-03-28Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC at 12:00Z on 2010-03-28The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 289 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
595 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
45 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
289 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
318 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

788 
WUUS52 KGSP 282315
SVRGSP
SCC021-083-091-290015-
/O.NEW.KGSP.SV.W.0013.100328T2315Z-100329T0015Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
715 PM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  CHEROKEE COUNTY IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITY OF GAFFNEY...
  EAST CENTRAL SPARTANBURG COUNTY IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...
  NORTHWESTERN YORK COUNTY IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...

* UNTIL 815 PM EDT

* AT 709 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL.  THIS
  STORM WAS LOCATED 15 MILES SOUTHWEST OF COWPENS...OR 7 MILES WEST
  OF SPARTANBURG...AND MOVING EAST AT 55 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  COWPENS AND PACOLET MILLS...
  THICKETTY...
  GAFFNEY...
  BLACKSBURG AND HICKORY GROVE...
  SMYRNA AND SHARON...
  KINGS MOUNTAIN STATE PARK...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DOPPLER RADAR INDICATES ROTATION ASSOCIATED WITH THIS SEVERE
THUNDERSTORM. IF IT CONTINUES TO STRENGTHEN...A TORNADO WARNING MAY
BE ISSUED. REMEMBER...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAN AND OCCASIONALLY DO
PRODUCE TORNADOES WITH LITTLE OR NO ADVANCE WARNING.

TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL...OR FLOODING...THROUGH OUR 
AUTOMATED REPORTING SYSTEM...CALL OUR TOLL FREE NUMBER...1 8 7 7...6 
3 3...6 7 7 2.

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM EDT SUNDAY EVENING
FOR NORTHEAST GEORGIA AND WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND CENTRAL SOUTH
CAROLINA.

&&

LAT...LON 3494 8133 3490 8167 3491 8170 3489 8172
      3487 8188 3508 8190 3517 8142 3516 8132
TIME...MOT...LOC 2314Z 251DEG 48KT 3494 8197

$$
MCAVOY

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Mar 28, 2:26 PM EDT, 4 hours 49 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Mar 28, 2:26 PM EDT, 4 hours 49 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
226 PM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

.SYNOPSIS...
A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST FROM THE TENNESSEE
VALLEY TODAY...AS LOW PRESSURE MOVES ACROSS THE OHIO VALLEY. THE
COLD FRONT ALONG WITH THE ASSOCIATED LOW WILL REACH THE CAROLINA
COAST EARLY MONDAY AND THEN MOVE NORTH. DRY HIGH PRESSURE WILL
THEN...BUILD INTO THE REGION AND REMAIN OVER THE AREA THOUGH
THE REMAINDER OF THE WEEK.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH MONDAY/...
SHOWERS CONTINUE TO DEVELOP AND MOVE NE ACROSS THE REGION AS A
STRONG SHORTWAVE APPROACHES FROM THE W. MODELS CONT TO SHOW CAPE OF
400-600 J/KG MOVG IN FROM THE S THIS AFTN WITH PVA...Q FORCING...
WIND SHEAR AND UPPER LEVEL DIVERGENCE ALL COMING TOGETHER OVER THE
AREA. SATELLITE LOOPS ARE SHOWING SOME BREAKS IN THE CLOUDS MOVG IN
FROM THE SW SO IF AREA DESTABILIZES ENOUGH EXPECT AT LEAST A FEW
SEVERE STORMS TO DEVELOP. SPC HAS GA AND THE CAROLINAS IN AN AREA OF
SLIGHT RISK FOR SEVERE STORMS...MAINLY THIS AFTN-EVE. ANY STRONG
CONVECTION THAT DOES DEVELOP SHOULD TAPER OFF FROM THE W LATE THIS
EVE WITH COOLING BUT SHWRS WILL LINGER OVERNIGHT...ESPECIALLY OVER
THE MTNS AND E CWA. MIN TEMPS WILL BE MILD TONIGHT DUE TO THE CLOUD
COVER. UPPER LOW MOVES OVER AREA DURING THE DAY MON AND ENOUGH
FORCING AND LL MOISTURE IS EXPECTED FOR CHC SHWRS THRU THE DAY...ESP
OVER THE MTNS AND E ZONES. HI TEMPS WILL BE BELOW AVG.

&&

.SHORT TERM /MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
AS OF 2 PM EDT SUNDAY...AN UPPER LEVEL LOW OVER NC MONDAY EVENING
WILL OFF THE MID ATLANTIC COAST ON TUESDAY. AN UPPER RIDGE WILL
CROSS THE MS RIVER ON TUESDAY NIGHT...AND REACH THE TN AND OH RIVER
VALLEYS ON WEDNESDAY. WEAK MOIST NORTHWEST FLOW WILL PERSIST MONDAY
NIGHT AND SUPPORT SCATTERED SHOWERS IN UPSLOPE FLOW ALONG THE TN
BORDER. FREEZING LEVELS DROP BELOW THE HIGHER PEAKS OF THE NC
MOUNTAINS BY DAWN TUESDAY...BUT WITH THE TOP OF THE MOIST LAYER NOT
VERY COLD...ICE NUCLEATION IS NOT A SURE THING.

DRYING OCCURS LATE TUESDAY MORNING. ON TUESDAY THE  PRESSURE
GRADIENT GRADUALLY RELAXES. SURFACE RIDGING BUILDS IN FORM THE
SOUTHWEST ON TUESDAY NIGHT AND WEDNESDAY. MINIMUM TEMPERATURES WILL
TREND DOWNWARD FROM NEAR NORMAL...AND MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES UPWARD
FROM NEAR NORMAL...AS DRIER AIR ALLOWS FOR A GREATER DIURNAL RANGE.

&&

.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY/...
AS PM 2 PM EDT SUNDAY...THE SLOWER SOLUTION OF THE ECMWF WAS
PREFERRED BY HPC OVER THE FASTER GFS. A SLOWLY PROGRESSIVE UPPER
RIDGE WILL AMPLIFY OVER THE EASTERN USA FROM THURSDAY THROUGH
SUNDAY...SUPPORTING WARM AND DRY CONDITIONS. TEMPERATURES WILL RISE
TO 10 DEGREES OR MORE ABOVE NORMAL BY THE WEEKEND.

&&

.AVIATION /19Z SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
AT KCLT AND ELSEWHERE...THERE COULD BE BREAKS WHERE CIGS GO VFR BUT
EXPECT PREDOMINANT MVFR/IFR CIGS WITH OCNL IFR VSBY...ESP IN HEAVY
SHWRS. CB CLOUDS INCLUDED IN TAFS TO ACCOUNT FOR SCT TSTMS AND SOME
STORMS COULD BE SVR...MAINLY LATE AFTN-EARLY EVE. SE TO S WINDS WILL
BE GUSTY AT TIMES...ESP NEAR CONVECTION. GUIDANCE STILL AT ODDS ON
WHETHER TO LIFT CIGS OVERNIGHT WITH GFS MOST PESSIMISTIC. THERE IS A
LOT OF CONFLICTING GUIDANCE WITH NAM MOST QUESTIONABLE...SO LEANING
TOWARD GFS/SREF BLEND. EXPECT IMPORVEMENT TO AT LEAST MVFR MON MRNG.

OUTLOOK...EXPECT CONDITIONS TO IMPROVE TO VFR BY LATE MON AND
CONTINUE VFR TUE-FRI AS HIGH PRESSURE BUILDS OVER THE REGION.

&&

.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...NONE.
NC...NONE.
SC...NONE.

&&

SYNOPSIS...PAT
NEAR TERM...RB
SHORT TERM...JAT
LONG TERM...JAT
AVIATION...RB
Hazardous weather outlook, Mar 28, 6:43 AM EDT, 12 hours 32 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
643 AM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033-035>037-048>053-056>059-062>065-
068>072-082-501>510-SCZ001>014-019-291045-
RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-AVERY-ALEXANDER-
IREDELL-DAVIE-MADISON-YANCEY-MITCHELL-SWAIN-HAYWOOD-BUNCOMBE-CATAWBA-
ROWAN-GRAHAM-NORTHERN JACKSON-MACON-SOUTHERN JACKSON-TRANSYLVANIA-
HENDERSON-CLEVELAND-LINCOLN-GASTON-MECKLENBURG-CABARRUS-UNION NC-
CALDWELL MOUNTAINS-GREATER CALDWELL-BURKE MOUNTAINS-GREATER BURKE-
MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS-EASTERN MCDOWELL-RUTHERFORD MOUNTAINS-
GREATER RUTHERFORD-POLK MOUNTAINS-EASTERN POLK-OCONEE MOUNTAINS-
PICKENS MOUNTAINS-GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS-GREATER OCONEE-
GREATER PICKENS-GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-CHEROKEE-YORK-
ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE-LAURENS-UNION SC-CHESTER-GREENWOOD-
643 AM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHEAST GEORGIA...PIEDMONT
NORTH CAROLINA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT.

A COLD FRONT AND AN ASSOCIATED AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
WILL MOVE ACROSS THE TENNESSEE VALLEY THIS MORNING. BY THE TIME
THE FRONT MOVES INTO THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS AND SURROUNDING
AREAS THIS AFTERNOON...THE ATMOSPHERE WILL BE WEAKLY UNSTABLE
ACROSS THE REGION. THIS WILL COMBINE WITH VERY STRONG WINDS ALOFT
TO ALLOW THE LINE OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS TO INTENSIFY AS IT
MOVES EAST ACROSS THE WESTERN CAROLINAS AND NORTHEAST GEORGIA
DURING THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING. IT APPEARS LIKELY THAT ISOLATED
STORMS EMBEDDED WITHIN THE LINE COULD PRODUCE SEVERE WEATHER...
WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS BEING THE MAIN THREAT.
HOWEVER...THERE WILL ALSO BE A THREAT OF ISOLATED TORNADOES...
ESPECIALLY WITH ANY SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS THAT DEVELOP OUT
AHEAD OF THE MAIN LINE OF SHOWERS AND STORMS.

ALTHOUGH SEVERE WEATHER WILL BE POSSIBLE ANYWHERE ACROSS THE
AREA...THE MOST LIKELY LOCATIONS TO SEE LARGE HAIL...DAMAGING
WINDS...AND TORNADOES THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING WILL BE ACROSS
UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA AND NORTHEAST GEORGIA.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SKYWARN SPOTTERS ARE REQUESTED TO FORWARD ANY REPORTS OF LARGE
HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS...TORNADOES OR FLASH FLOODING TO OUR OFFICE.

LANE

In the hours before

Local storm report, Mar 28, 6:49 PM EDT, 26 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
649 PM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0640 PM     HAIL             TRAVELERS REST          34.97N 82.44W
03/28/2010  E1.00 INCH       GREENVILLE         SC   TRAINED SPOTTER

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED.

&&

ASTUREY
Local storm report, Mar 28, 6:58 PM EDT, 17 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
658 PM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0640 PM     HAIL             GREENVILLE              34.84N 82.37W
03/28/2010  E1.00 INCH       GREENVILLE         SC   TRAINED SPOTTER

            ONE INCH HAIL REPORTED CHERRYDALE AREA.

&&

ASTUREY
Local storm report, Mar 28, 6:59 PM EDT, 16 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
659 PM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0644 PM     HAIL             GREENVILLE              34.84N 82.37W
03/28/2010  E1.00 INCH       GREENVILLE         SC   TRAINED SPOTTER

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN TIGERVILLE

&&

ASTUREY
Local storm report, Mar 28, 7:10 PM EDT, 5 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
710 PM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0638 PM     HAIL             3 W GREENVILLE          34.84N 82.42W
03/28/2010  E1.00 INCH       GREENVILLE         SC   TRAINED SPOTTER

            HAIL FROM PEA SIZED TO QUARTER SIZED FALLING NEAR WHERE
            HIGHWAY 123 AND FARIS ROAD ARE ON THE WEST SIDE.

0654 PM     HAIL             4 NW GREER              34.98N 82.28W
03/28/2010  E1.00 INCH       GREENVILLE         SC   NWS EMPLOYEE

            QUARTER SIZED HAIL

0648 PM     HAIL             3 NNW TAYLORS           34.96N 82.33W
03/28/2010  E1.75 INCH       GREENVILLE         SC   TRAINED SPOTTER

            PEEBLE CREEK AREA WITH GOLF BALL SIZED HAIL

0658 PM     HAIL             4 SW GREER              34.90N 82.28W
03/28/2010  E1.75 INCH       GREENVILLE         SC   TRAINED SPOTTER

            AT THE INTERSECTION OF BATESVILLE ROAD AND OLD
            SPARTANBURG ROAD A REPORT OF GOLF BALL SIZED HAIL. DIME
            SIZED HAIL JUST AFTER THIS AT THE GSP AIRPORT.

&&

OUTLAW
Local storm report, Mar 28, 7:13 PM EDT, 2 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
713 PM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0650 PM     HAIL             GREENVILLE              34.84N 82.37W
03/28/2010  E1.00 INCH       GREENVILLE         SC   NWS EMPLOYEE

            ONE INCH SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN TAYLORS

&&

ASTUREY
Special weather statement, Mar 28, 7:14 PM EDT, 1 minute before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
714 PM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

NCZ035>037-056-282345-
ALEXANDER-CATAWBA-DAVIE-IREDELL-
714 PM EDT SUN MAR 28 2010

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT EASTERN ALEXANDER...NORTHERN
CATAWBA...NORTHERN DAVIE AND NORTHERN IREDELL COUNTIES THROUGH 745 PM
EDT...

AT 709 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR CLAREMONT...OR 7 MILES NORTHEAST OF
NEWTON...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH.

* OTHER LOCATIONS AFFECTED INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO BERMUDA
  RUN...LOOKOUT SHOALS LAKE...UNION GROVE...TURNERSBURG...
  STATESVILLE...SCOTTS...LOVE VALLEY...HARMONY...SHEFFIELD...
  FARMINGTON...STONY POINT...MILLERSVILLE...HIDDENITE...CLAREMONT AND
  CATAWBA.

SMALL HAIL...VERY HEAVY RAINFALL...AND WIND GUSTS OF 40 TO 50 MPH
ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM.

07

The office that day

Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Mar 28, 6:07 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPGreenville, Spartanburg53 min
Mar 28, 6:16 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPAnderson, Greenville, Pickens59 min
Mar 28, 6:41 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPGreenville, Spartanburg64 min
Mar 28, 7:06 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPCherokee, Spartanburg54 min
Mar 28, 7:19 PM EDTTornado WarningGSPCherokee, Spartanburg, York41 min
Mar 28, 7:25 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPGreenville, Laurens, Spartanburg65 min
Mar 28, 7:55 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPAbbeville, Greenwood53 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in South Carolina, 2010Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2010

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.