Alert archive / Nebraska / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2009

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 326, NWS North Platte, NE

July 23, 2009Brown County, Rock County, Nebraska

NWS North Platte, NE issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 23, 2009, 9:01 PM CDT for Brown County, Rock County, Nebraska. It was in force for 44 min. 3 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jul 23, 2009, 9:01 PM CDT (02:01 UTC)
Expired: Jul 23, 2009, 9:45 PM CDT
In force: 44 min
Issued by: NWS North Platte, NE
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Brown County, NE, Rock County, NE

The radar

The North Platte radar (KLNX), 101 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 02:02 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jul 23, 9:15 PM CDT	HAIL 1	7 Ene Ainsworth, NE	QUARTER SIZE HAIL.
Jul 23, 9:25 PM CDT	HAIL 1	Long Pine, NE	HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF QUARTERS FELL IN THE TOWN OF LONG PINE.
Jul 23, 9:30 PM CDT	HAIL 1.75	4 E Ainsworth, NE	HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF GOLF BALLS FELL IN AT LEAST A 1 MILE LONG STRETCH ALONG HIGHWAY 20 FROM 4 MILES EAST OF AINSWORTH TO 5 MILES EAST OF AINSWORTH...WHERE HIGHWAYS 20 AND 183 INTERSECT.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 3 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 14 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Jul 23, 3:30 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	7 hr

The nearest sounding before it

N. Platte/Lee Bi, NE (KLBF), launched 00:00Z, 2.0 hours before the alert went out and 181 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 3065 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -54 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1629 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 30 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 157 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 418 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 1.4
Supercell composite: 23.8

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS53 KLBF 240201
SVRLBF
NEC017-149-240245-
/O.NEW.KLBF.SV.W.0326.090724T0201Z-090724T0245Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
901 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN NORTH PLATTE HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHERN BROWN COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL NEBRASKA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITY OF AINSWORTH...
  NORTHWESTERN ROCK COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL NEBRASKA...

* UNTIL 945 PM CDT

* AT 901 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL...AND
  DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR
  KELLER PARK STATE RECREATION AREA...OR 9 MILES NORTHWEST OF
  BASSETT...AND MOVING SOUTHWEST AT 20 MPH.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
  LONG PINE BY 920 PM CDT...
  AINSWORTH BY 930 PM CDT...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THIS IS A DANGEROUS STORM. IF YOU ARE IN ITS PATH...PREPARE
IMMEDIATELY FOR DAMAGING WINDS...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...AND DEADLY CLOUD
TO GROUND LIGHTNING. PEOPLE OUTSIDE SHOULD MOVE TO A SHELTER...
PREFERABLY INSIDE A STRONG BUILDING BUT AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CDT
THURSDAY EVENING FOR WESTERN NEBRASKA.

&&

LAT...LON 4267 9953 4229 9979 4242 10007 4273 9977
      4273 9975 4272 9973 4273 9966
TIME...MOT...LOC 0201Z 031DEG 16KT 4264 9970

$$

TAYLOR

3 follow-up statements

000 
WWUS53 KLBF 240216
SVSLBF

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
916 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

NEC017-149-240245-
/O.CON.KLBF.SV.W.0326.000000T0000Z-090724T0245Z/
ROCK NE-BROWN NE-
916 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 945 PM CDT
FOR NORTHERN BROWN AND NORTHWESTERN ROCK COUNTIES...

AT 915 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING GOLF BALL SIZE
HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS
LOCATED NEAR LONG PINE...OR 6 MILES NORTHEAST OF AINSWORTH...MOVING
SOUTHWEST AT 20 MPH.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
  LONG PINE BY 920 PM CDT...
  AINSWORTH BY 930 PM CDT...
  

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DOPPLER RADAR HAS INDICATED SOME WEAK ROTATION WITHIN THIS STORM.
WHILE NOT IMMEDIATELY LIKELY...A TORNADO MAY STILL DEVELOP. IF A
TORNADO IS SPOTTED...ACT QUICKLY AND MOVE TO A PLACE OF SAFETY IN A
STURDY STRUCTURE...SUCH AS A BASEMENT OR SMALL INTERIOR ROOM.

&&

LAT...LON 4267 9953 4229 9979 4242 10007 4273 9977
      4273 9975 4272 9973 4273 9966
TIME...MOT...LOC 0215Z 031DEG 16KT 4259 9974

$$

TAYLOR

000 
WWUS53 KLBF 240229
SVSLBF

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
929 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

NEC017-149-240245-
/O.CON.KLBF.SV.W.0326.000000T0000Z-090724T0245Z/
ROCK NE-BROWN NE-
929 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 945 PM CDT
FOR NORTHERN BROWN AND NORTHWESTERN ROCK COUNTIES...

AT 929 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS REPORTED CAPABLE OF
PRODUCING GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 
MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 4 MILES EAST OF AINSWORTH...MOVING 
SOUTHWEST AT 20 MPH.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
  AINSWORTH BY 935 PM CDT...
  HIGHWAY 7 MILE MARKER 40 AND 9 MILES NORTH OF HIGHWAY 7 MILE MARKER
  30 BY 945 PM CDT...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DOPPLER RADAR HAS INDICATED SOME WEAK ROTATION WITHIN THIS STORM.
WHILE NOT IMMEDIATELY LIKELY...A TORNADO MAY STILL DEVELOP. IF A
TORNADO IS SPOTTED...ACT QUICKLY AND MOVE TO A PLACE OF SAFETY IN A
STURDY STRUCTURE...SUCH AS A BASEMENT OR SMALL INTERIOR ROOM.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CDT
THURSDAY EVENING FOR WESTERN NEBRASKA.

&&

LAT...LON 4267 9953 4229 9979 4242 10007 4273 9977
      4273 9975 4272 9973 4273 9966
TIME...MOT...LOC 0229Z 031DEG 16KT 4254 9978

$$

TAYLOR

000 
WWUS53 KLBF 240247
SVSLBF

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
947 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

NEC017-149-240256-
/O.EXP.KLBF.SV.W.0326.000000T0000Z-090724T0245Z/
ROCK NE-BROWN NE-
947 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHERN BROWN AND
NORTHWESTERN ROCK COUNTIES HAS EXPIRED...

HEAVY RAIN...SMALL HAIL...AND GUSTY WINDS TO 50 MPH MAY CONTINUE FOR 
THE NEXT FEW MINUTES...BUT THE STORM IS WEAKENING AND SEVERE WEATHER 
IS NO LONGER EXPECTED.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CDT
THURSDAY EVENING FOR WESTERN NEBRASKA.

LAT...LON 4267 9953 4229 9979 4242 10007 4273 9977
      4273 9975 4272 9973 4273 9966
TIME...MOT...LOC 0229Z 031DEG 16KT 4254 9978

$$

BT

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS North Platte, NE wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 23, 2:36 PM CDT, 6 hours 25 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 23, 2:36 PM CDT, 6 hours 25 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
236 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

.DISCUSSION...

...CONTINUED VERY WARM FRIDAY WITH THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE DURING THE
AFTERNOON AND EVENING...

.SHORT TERM DISCUSSION...

LATE THIS AFTERNOON/TONIGHT....WEAK UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCE
INDICATED IN NWRLY FLOW ALOFT NOW MOVING ACROSS SWRN SD AND WRN NEBR
PNHDL. THIS WILL INTERACT WITH MODEST INSTABILITY OF 1000-1500 J/KG
...0-6KM SHEAR OF 35KTS AND H85 MOISTURE CONVERGENCE MAINLY ACROSS
WRN CHERY INTO GARDEN AND DEUEL COUNTY THROUGH LATE AFTN. A SECOND
AREA WILL BE ACROSS ERN HALF OF FA...WHERE SBCAPES RANGING FROM
2000-3500 J/KG. STRONG HEATING UNDERWAY WITH TEMPS 88-93 WEST OF HWY
83. A FEW STORM MAY BECOME SEVERE WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING
WINDS...MAINLY WEST OF HWY 83.

FRIDAY/FRIDAY NIGHT...NAM AND GFS ARE IN CLOSE AGREEMENT BRINGING
WEAK COLD FRONT THROUGH ALL BUT SERN FA BY 18Z. FRONT WILL DO LITTLE
TO COOL TEMPS WITH THE SOUTH REACHING THE MID/UPPER 90S AND NCTRL
THE LOWER 90S. THERE WILL BE AT LEAST A SLIGHT CHC FOR TSTMS DURING
THE AFTN AND EVENING OVER ALL BUT THE NERN PORTIONS OF NCTRL. NOT
ANTICIPATING ANY SEVERE STORMS HOWEVER.

SATURDAY/SATURDAY NIGHT...LOOKS DRY WITH LACK OF MOISTURE AND
UPSTREAM DISTURBANCES. CONVECTIVE FOCUS ACROSS COLORADO AND KANSAS.
WILL BE STRONGLY INFLUENCED FROM UPPER LOW OVER THE GREAT LAKES.
HIGHS A BIT COOLER FROM 84-88 AND LOWS FROM 55 TO 60.

SUNDAY/SUNDAY NIGHT...WILL WARM BACK UP A FEW DEGREES AHEAD OF NEXT
COOL FRONT WITH HIGHS 86 TO 89. NAM OUTPUT PLACES CHC FOR SHOWER AD
STORMS WEST OF HWY 83 DURING AFTN WITH A SLIGHT CHC OVERNIGHT ALL
AREAS.

.EXTENDED DISCUSSION...(MONDAY THROUGH THURSDAY)
BETTER UPPER SUPPORT ARRIVED MONDAY FOR CHC POPS INSERTED. A SLIGHT
CHC FOR LINGERING SHOWERS OR STORMS MONDAY EVENING. REMAINDER OF
EXTENDED DRY...ASIDE FROM A SLIGHT CHC TUESDAY NIGHT. STRONG UPPER
LOW CENTERED OVER HUDSON BAY CANADA WILL BRING COOLER FLOW INTO THE
NRN AND CNTRL PLAINS.

&&

.AVIATION...
VFR CONDITIONS SHOULD PREVAIL THROUGH THE FORECAST PERIOD HOWEVER
THUNDERSTORMS IN THE VCNTY OF THE KLBF AND KVTN TERMINALS WILL BE
THE MAIN THREAT TO AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS. THESE
STORMS WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING MVFR CONDITIONS IN MODERATE
RAINFALL AND POSSIBLY SMALL HAIL. WIND GUSTS NEAR STORMS THIS
EVENING WILL ALSO BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 50
MPH.

&&

.LBF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH IN
EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM CDT/10 PM MDT FOR SHERIDAN...CHERRY...GARDEN...
GRANT...HOOKER...THOMAS... BROWN...BLAINE...ARTHUR... MCPHERSON...
LOGAN...DEUEL...KEITH...LINCOLN ...CHASE...HAYES...AND FRONTIER.

&&

DISCUSSION...ROBERG
AVIATION...13

Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 23, 3:41 PM CDT, 5 hours 20 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
341 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

NEZ004>010-022>029-035>038-056>059-069>071-094-242045-
SHERIDAN-EASTERN CHERRY-KEYA PAHA-BOYD-BROWN-ROCK-HOLT-GARDEN-
GRANT-HOOKER-THOMAS-BLAINE-LOUP-GARFIELD-WHEELER-ARTHUR-MCPHERSON-
LOGAN-CUSTER-DEUEL-KEITH-PERKINS-LINCOLN-CHASE-HAYES-FRONTIER-
WESTERN CHERRY-
341 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009 /241 PM MDT THU JUL 23 2009/

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND
NORTH CENTRAL NEBRASKA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

A SURFACE BOUNDARY LOCATED ACROSS THE WESTERN SANDHILLS AND
SOUTHERN PANHANDLE WILL BE THE FOCUS FOR THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT
THROUGH THE EVENING HOURS. MODERATE INSTABILITY AND FAVORABLE WIND
PROFILES WILL BE FAVORABLE FOR AT LEAST ISOLATED SEVERE
THUNDERSTORM FORMATION. LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WIND GUSTS OVER 60
MPH WILL BE THE MAIN THREATS...MAINLY EAST OF A CODY TO HYANNIS TO
BIG SPRINGS LINE TO HIGHWAY 183. THESE STORMS SHOULD WEAKEN AFTER
SUNSET AND MORE QUIET WEATHER SET IN FOR THE OVERNIGHT HOURS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY.

FRIDAY A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE SOUTHEAST AND MAY BE THE FOCUS FOR
STORM DEVELOPMENT BY AFTERNOON. MODELS PUSH THE BOUNDARY SOUTH BY
EVENING WHEN THE THREAT FOR THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT SHOULD
DIMINISH. SUNDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY...ISOLATED TO SCATTERED
THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT WILL BE POSSIBLE DAILY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED IN AREAS WEST OF HIGHWAY 83 LATE
THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

&&

THIS PRODUCT IS NOW AVAILABLE...ALONG WITH OTHER WEATHER...
HYDROLOGICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION...AT
HTTP://WWW.WEATHER.GOV/NORTHPLATTE

13

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 23, 8:19 PM CDT, 42 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
819 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0807 PM     HAIL             SUTHERLAND              41.16N 101.13W
07/23/2009  M1.75 INCH       LINCOLN            NE   PUBLIC

            THE PUBLIC REPORTED HAIL AS LARGE AS GOLF BALLS OVER
            HIGHWAY 30 NEAR THE TOWN OF SUTHERLAND.

&&

SJACOBS

Local storm report, Jul 23, 8:32 PM CDT, 29 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
832 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0819 PM     HAIL             4 SW SUTHERLAND         41.12N 101.18W
07/23/2009  M1.75 INCH       LINCOLN            NE   PUBLIC

            THE PUBLIC REPORTED GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL WITH WIND GUSTS
            IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.

&&

SJACOBS

Local storm report, Jul 23, 8:33 PM CDT, 28 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
833 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0819 PM     NON-TSTM WND GST 4 SW SUTHERLAND         41.12N 101.18W
07/23/2009  E60 MPH          LINCOLN            NE   PUBLIC

            THE PUBLIC REPORTED THUNDERSTORM WIND GUSTS IN EXCESS OF
            60 MPH.

&&

SJACOBS

Local storm report, Jul 23, 8:36 PM CDT, 25 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
836 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0820 PM     HAIL             10 SE SPRINGVIEW        42.72N 99.61W
07/23/2009  E0.88 INCH       KEYA PAHA          NE   PUBLIC

            NICKEL SIZE HAIL.

&&

CJS

Local storm report, Jul 23, 8:38 PM CDT, 23 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
838 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0837 PM     HAIL             10 SSW SUTHERLAND       41.02N 101.20W
07/23/2009  E1.00 INCH       LINCOLN            NE   PUBLIC

            THE PUBLIC REPORTED VERY HEAVY RAIN AND HAIL UP TO THE
            SIZE OF QUARTERS.

&&

SJACOBS

Local storm report, Jul 23, 8:43 PM CDT, 18 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTH PLATTE NE
843 PM CDT THU JUL 23 2009

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0840 PM     TSTM WND GST     WALLACE                 40.84N 101.16W
07/23/2009  E60 MPH          LINCOLN            NE   TRAINED SPOTTER

            THUNDERSTORM WIND GUSTS WERE ESTIMATED TO BE AT LEAST 60
            MPH.

&&

CJS

The office that day

Everything else NWS North Platte, NE issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 23, 7:14 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	LBF	Arthur, Keith, Lincoln, McPherson	61 min
Jul 23, 7:37 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LBF	Rock	38 min
Jul 23, 7:41 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LBF	Holt, Rock	49 min
Jul 23, 8:14 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LBF	Keith, Lincoln, Perkins	61 min
Jul 23, 8:16 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LBF	Rock	44 min
Jul 23, 8:20 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LBF	Brown, Keya Paha, Rock	40 min
Jul 23, 9:06 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LBF	Frontier	54 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Nebraska, 2009 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2009

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.