Alert archive / Georgia / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2009

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 49, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC

April 20, 2009Habersham County, Stephens County, Georgia

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 20, 2009, 12:18 AM EDT for Habersham County, Stephens County, Georgia. It was in force for 57 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Apr 20, 2009, 12:18 AM EDT (04:18 UTC)
Expired
Apr 20, 2009, 1:15 AM EDT
In force
57 min
Issued by
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
Area
Storm-based polygon

Counties Habersham County, GA, Stephens County, GA

The radar

The Greer radar (KGSP), 117 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 04:21 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Apr 20, 12:30 AM EDTTSTM WND DMG7 S Clarkesville, GATREE ON CAR ON FANCIS HEFNER RD IN MOUNT AIRY.
Apr 20, 12:50 AM EDTTSTM WND DMGToccoa, GATREE DOWN ACROSS MULKEY RD IN TOCCOA.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 2 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 12 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Peachtre/Fal Fld, GA (KFFC), launched 00:00Z, 4.3 hours before the alert went out and 166 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Peachtre/Fal Fld, GA at 00:00Z on 2009-04-20Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 182 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Peachtre/Fal Fld, GA at 00:00Z on 2009-04-20The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 212 square meters per square second.1939587897117Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
182 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-11 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1004 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
47 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
212 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
248 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.1
Supercell composite
1.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS52 KGSP 200418
SVRGSP
GAC137-257-200515-
/O.NEW.KGSP.SV.W.0049.090420T0418Z-090420T0515Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1218 AM EDT MON APR 20 2009

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHERN STEPHENS COUNTY IN NORTHEAST GEORGIA
  HABERSHAM COUNTY IN NORTHEAST GEORGIA

* UNTIL 115 AM EDT

* AT 1218 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZE HAIL...AND
  DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 14
  MILES NORTHEAST OF GAINESVILLE...OR ABOUT 11 MILES WEST OF
  BALDWIN...AND WAS MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
  CORNELIA AND BALDWIN BY 1230 AM EDT...
  DEMOREST AND CLARKESVILLE BY 1235 AM EDT...
  HOLLYWOOD AND TOCCOA BY 1245 AM EDT...
  TALLULAH FALLS BY 1250 AM EDT...

PEOPLE IN THE PATH OF THIS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM SHOULD BE ALERT FOR
LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. FREQUENT LIGHTNING AND LOCALLY HEAVY
RAIN CAN OCCUR WITH ANY THUNDERSTORM. SEEK SHELTER INDOORS AWAY FROM
WINDOWS AND DOORS UNTIL THE STORM PASSES.

TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL...OR FLOODING...THROUGH OUR
AUTOMATED REPORTING SYSTEM...CALL OUR TOLL FREE NUMBER...
1 8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2.

LAT...LON 3454 8364 3462 8365 3473 8342 3471 8336
      3468 8334 3466 8329 3462 8324 3460 8317
      3459 8317 3447 8347 3448 8356 3443 8362
      3450 8368
TIME...MOT...LOC 0418Z 242DEG 43KT 3447 8374

$$

KRENTZ
2 follow-up statements
000 
WWUS52 KGSP 200445
SVSGSP

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1245 AM EDT MON APR 20 2009

GAC257-200515-
/O.CON.KGSP.SV.W.0049.000000T0000Z-090420T0515Z/
STEPHENS GA-
1245 AM EDT MON APR 20 2009

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 115 AM EDT
FOR NORTHERN STEPHENS COUNTY...

AT 1245 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZE
HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS
LOCATED 5 MILES NORTHWEST OF TOCCOA...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
  TOCCOA BY 1250 AM EDT...

LAT...LON 3450 8345 3466 8337 3468 8335 3466 8329
      3465 8329 3462 8324 3460 8317 3459 8317
      3447 8346 3448 8347
TIME...MOT...LOC 0445Z 242DEG 43KT 3462 8340

$$

KRENTZ
000 
WWUS52 KGSP 200505
SVSGSP

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
105 AM EDT MON APR 20 2009

GAC257-200515-
/O.EXP.KGSP.SV.W.0049.000000T0000Z-090420T0515Z/
STEPHENS GA-
105 AM EDT MON APR 20 2009

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHERN STEPHENS COUNTY
EXPIRES AT 115 AM EDT...

LAT...LON 3450 8345 3466 8337 3468 8335 3466 8329
      3465 8329 3462 8324 3460 8317 3459 8317
      3447 8346 3448 8347
TIME...MOT...LOC 0505Z 242DEG 43KT 3473 8314

$$

KRENTZ

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 19, 9:43 PM EDT, 2 hours 35 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 19, 9:43 PM EDT, 2 hours 35 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
943 PM EDT SUN APR 19 2009

.SYNOPSIS...
AS LOW PRESSURE OVER THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY MOVES NORTHEAST...A
TRAILING COLD FRONT WILL MOVE GRADUALLY EAST. THE COLD FRONT WILL
MOVE THROUGH THE AREA ON MONDAY AND OFF THE COAST BY TUESDAY. HIGH
PRESSURE WILL BUILD OVER THE AREA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE WEEK AND THEN
MOVE OVER THE ATLANTIC BY THE END OF THE WEEK.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH MONDAY/...
WATER VAPOR IMAGERY SHOWS THE STRONG UPPER VORTEX CHURNING THROUGH
WRN TN THIS EVENING. THE 18Z NAM INITIALIZED THIS FEATURE WELL AND
BRINGS THE AXIS OF BEST DVPA INTO THE SRN APPALACHIANS CIRCA
06Z...ALONG WITH IMPROVING UPPER JET DIVERGENCE. SHOWER COVERAGE
SHOULD BE CATEGORICAL ACROSS MUCH OF THE FORECAST AREA OVERNIGHT.
THE BEST PRE/FRONTAL CONVECTION UPSTREAM CONTINUES TO FIRE IN THE
AREA OF HIGHEST 850 MB EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE OVER AL.
THIS THETA E RIDGE IS EXPECTED TO PUSH EASTWARD AND CROSS THE SRN
TIER OF THE FORECAST AREA OVERNIGHT. DEWPOINTS HAVE ALREADY RISEN
INTO THE UPPER 50S ACROSS MUCH OF THIS SRN SECTION. FORTUNATELY...IT
APPEARS THAT 850 MB FLOW WILL VEER SLIGHTLY AS THE BETTER
INSTABILITY AXIS MOVES IN LATE. THUS...AGREE WITH THE LATEST SPC
OUTLOOK THAT SEVERE THREAT TO THE WEST MAY DIMINISH AS CONVECTION
MOVES INTO THE FORECAST AREA. SRN MTN PRECIPITATION COULD BE HEAVY
AT TIMES...BUT SHOULD BE BELOW CRITICAL GUIDANCE FOR ANY FLOODING.
THE MAIN CHANGE WILL BE TO INCREASE THE THUNDER COVERAGE INTO THE
CHANCE RANGE OVERNIGHT.

THE COLD FRONT WILL CROSS THE REGION FROM THE WEST MONDAY. A DEEP
DRY SLOT IS INDICATED WRAPPING INTO THE SW PART OF THE FORECAST AREA
DURING FROPA...SO A TONGUE OF LOWER POPS WILL BE FEATURED IN THIS
AREA BY MIDDAY. INSTABILITY SHOULD BE STRONGEST ALONG THE INTERSTATE
77 CORRIDOR MID TO LATE AFTERNOON...AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
LOOK POSSIBLE GIVEN THE IMPROVING LAPSE RATES ALONG WITH THE ARRIVAL
OF DRY AIR ALOFT IN THE PROFILES. MAX TEMPS WILL BE NEAR OR SLIGHTLY
ABV NORMAL E OF THE MTNS...AND AT OR SLIGHTLY BELOW NORMAL IN THE
MTNS.

&&

.SHORT TERM /MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
AS OF 200 PM SUNDAY...THE PERIOD BEGINS MONDAY NIGHT WITH A MID AND
UPPER LEVEL LOW CENTERED TO THE NORTHWEST OF THE FA. THIS LOW IS
EXPECTED TO MEANDER NORTHEASTWARD ON TUESDAY BEFORE BECOMING AN OPEN
WAVE TUESDAY NIGHT. A TRAILING SHORTWAVE WILL DIVE DOWN THE WESTERN
SIDE OF THE LOW ON TUESDAY...PUSHING A CHANNELED PIECE OF VORT
ENERGY ACROSS THE WESTERN CAROLINAS. THE TROF AXIS WILL MOVE ACROSS
THE REGION TUESDAY NIGHT...TRANSLATING EAST OF THE AREA ON
WEDNESDAY. AT THE SURFACE...THERE WILL BE PLENTY OF LOW LEVEL
MOISTURE IN PLACE ACROSS THE FA MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT
WITH VERY LITTLE LOW LEVEL FORCING. THE MAIN PERIOD FOR SHOWER
ACTIVITY IS EXPECTED TO BE TUESDAY AFTERNOON AS THE UPPER SHORTWAVE
AND ATTENDING VORT MAX MOVE ACROSS. HOWEVER...THE MAJORITY OF THE
SHOWER ACTIVITY SHOULD REMAIN CONFINED TO THE MOUNTAINS AS A DRIER
SUBCLOUD LAYER EXISTS IN THE FOOTHILLS AND PIEDMONT. OVERALL...LOOKS
TO BE A VERY LOW QPF EVENT WITH AT MOST A TENTH OF AN INCH EXPECTED.

A PERIOD OF UPSLOPE FLOW WILL MOVE IN TUESDAY NIGHT IN THE CAA
ALLOWING SNOW LEVELS TO FALL ACROSS THE NC MOUNTAINS. IN
FACT...MODELS SHOW THAT MUCH OF THE FA WILL BE IN SUB FREEZING H85
TEMPS BY 12Z WEDNESDAY. GIVEN THE LIGHT PRECIP AND AT BEST SCATTERED
COVERAGE OF RAIN AND SNOW SHOWERS...EXPECT ONLY A COUPLE TENTHS OF
ACCUMULATION IN ISOLATED HIGHER ELEVATION LOCATIONS. ALSO...COULD BE
SOME LIGHT FREEZE ISSUES AS ELEVATIONS ABOVE 4000 FEET OR SO DROP
BELOW FREEZING. OVERALL...TEMPS WILL RUN 5-6 DEGREES BELOW CLIMO
WITH CLOUD COVER AND CAA TUESDAY NIGHT.

&&

.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY/...
AS OF 1100 AM SUNDAY...THE OUTLOOK FOR THE MEDIUM RANGE IS TRANQUIL.
THE TROF EXITS THE EASTERN CONUS WEDNESDAY NIGHT AND THURSDAY AND
RIDGING BEGINS TO BUILD IN FOR THE WEEKEND. THE BELT OF WESTERLIES
GETS LIFTED WELL NORTH OF THE REGION LEAVING ONLY LIGHT MID AND
UPPER LEVEL FLOW UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE BUILDING RIDGE. AT THE
SURFACE...ANY SYSTEMS AND FRONTS ARE EXPECTED TO PASS BY THE NORTH
WITH HIGH PRESSURE IN CONTROL OVER THE WESTERN ATLANTIC AND EASTERN
SEABOARD. NO POPS ARE CARRIED IN THE FORECAST THROUGH SUNDAY. THE
MAIN STORY WILL BE THE MILD TEMPERATURES. WE SHOULD SEE A GOOD 10-12
DEGREE WARMING TREND FROM THURSDAY THROUGH SUNDAY. HIGHS START OUT
ON THURSDAY AT OR JUST BELOW NORMAL...WARMING TO THE LOW 80S BY
SUNDAY WHICH IS ABOUT 7-8 DEGREES ABOVE CLIMO.

&&

.AVIATION /02Z MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
AT KCLT...A SLOWER TREND IS INDICATED IN THE DESCENT TOWARD MVFR
CIGS ON THE LATEST MODEL PROFILES AND MOS SOURCES...WITH MVFR NOW
INDICATED AFT 07Z. SHOWER COVERAGE WILL FILL IN...WITH SOUTHERLY
FLOW INCREASING OVERNIGHT AND INSTABILITY SLOWLY IMPROVING WITH
RISING DEWPOINTS. WILL ADVERTISE CB CLOUD TYPE AFTER 07Z...BUT THE
BEST INSTABILITY WILL HOLD OFF UNTIL LATER IN THE PERIOD. CIGS WILL
LIKELY RECOVER TO VFR CIRCA 14Z...THEN STEEP LAPSE RATES WILL
PROVIDE THE BEST CHANCE OF THUNDER AND CB CLOUDS AFTER 18Z. WINDS
SHOULD GUST TO 20 KT OR BETTER ONCE MIXING KICKS IN MONDAY.

ELSEWHERE...MVFR CIGS WILL PERSIST OR DEVELOP FROM KAVL TO KHKY
FIRST THIS EVENING...WITH MVFR BECOMING LIKELY FROM KAND TO KGSP
AFTER MIDNIGHT. SHOWER COVERAGE WILL STEADILY GROW OVERNIGHT...BUT
INSTABILITY APPEARS LACKING FOR A SIGNIFICANT THUNDER THREAT. CB
CLOUD TYPES MAY BE NEEDED ON LATER UPDATES. SOUTHERLY FLOW SHOULD
BACK SLIGHTLY LATER THIS EVENING BEFORE TURNING SW AND BECOMING
GUSTY WITH MIXING MONDAY MORNING. THE MIXING SHOULD ALLOW CIGS TO
RECOVER TO VFR LEVELS. SOUNDINGS LOOK SLIGHTLY CAPPED TO DEEP
CONVECTION WEST OF A KHKY TO KAND LINE...BUT CB CLOUDS ARE WARRANTED
GIVEN THE ENCROACHING STEEPER LAPSE RATES ALOFT. FLOW WILL TURN NW
LATE IN THE PERIOD WITH FROPA AT KAVL.

OUTLOOK...SCATTERED SHOWERS WILL LIKELY PERSIST MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH
TUESDAY...ESPECIALLY NEAR KAVL...WITH A DEEP LOW PRESSURE TROUGH
OVERHEAD. NO SIGNIFICANT RESTRICTIONS ARE EXPECTED...EXCEPT TEMPO
MVFR RESTRICTIONS ARE POSSIBLE AT KAVL IN MOIST NW FLOW. DRIER
WEATHER IS EXPECTED FOR WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY.

&&

.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...NONE.
NC...NONE.
SC...NONE.

&&

SYNOPSIS...TJB
NEAR TERM...HG
SHORT TERM...BSH
LONG TERM...BSH
AVIATION...HG
Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 19, 4:02 PM EDT, 8 hours 16 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
402 PM EDT SUN APR 19 2009

GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ035>037-056-057-068>072-082-501>510-
SCZ001>014-019-202015-
RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-ALEXANDER-IREDELL-
DAVIE-CATAWBA-ROWAN-CLEVELAND-LINCOLN-GASTON-MECKLENBURG-CABARRUS-
UNION NC-CALDWELL MOUNTAINS-GREATER CALDWELL-BURKE MOUNTAINS-
GREATER BURKE-MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS-EASTERN MCDOWELL-
RUTHERFORD MOUNTAINS-GREATER RUTHERFORD-POLK MOUNTAINS-EASTERN POLK-
OCONEE MOUNTAINS-PICKENS MOUNTAINS-GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS-
GREATER OCONEE-GREATER PICKENS-GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-
CHEROKEE-YORK-ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE-LAURENS-UNION SC-CHESTER-GREENWOOD-
402 PM EDT SUN APR 19 2009

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHEAST GEORGIA...PIEDMONT
NORTH CAROLINA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE OVERNIGHT AS A COLD FRONT
APPROACHES THE REGION FROM THE WEST. GUSTY WINDS AND LIGHTNING CAN
BE EXPECTED WITH ANY THUNDERSTORMS THAT DEVELOP.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE TO BE POSSIBLE THROUGH MONDAY
MORNING. DURING THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING...LOCATIONS ALONG AND
NEAR THE I-77 CORRIDOR WILL HAVE THE BEST CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS. A
FEW OF THESE STORMS COULD BECOME SEVERE...PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND
GUSTS AND LARGE HAIL.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

NONE.

NCZ033-048>053-058-059-062>065-202015-
AVERY-MADISON-YANCEY-MITCHELL-SWAIN-HAYWOOD-BUNCOMBE-GRAHAM-
NORTHERN JACKSON-MACON-SOUTHERN JACKSON-TRANSYLVANIA-HENDERSON-
402 PM EDT SUN APR 19 2009

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE OVERNIGHT AS A COLD FRONT
APPROACHES THE REGION FROM THE WEST. GUSTY WINDS AND LIGHTNING CAN
BE EXPECTED WITH ANY THUNDERSTORMS THAT DEVELOP.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

TEMPERATURES ARE EXPECTED TO FALL BELOW FREEZING BY WEDNESDAY
MORNING IN THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS ABOVE 4000 FEET. A FREEZE WATCH
MAY BE NEEDED ON MONDAY. AS TEMPERATURES FALL...LIGHT RAIN
SHOWERS WILL CHANGE OVER TO SNOW...PRODUCING VERY LIGHT SNOW
ACCUMULATIONS IN THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS. A DUSTING TO A FEW TENTHS
OF AN INCH OF SNOW IS POSSIBLE BY WEDNESDAY MORNING.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

NONE.

BSH

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Apr 20, 12:11 AM EDT, 7 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1211 AM EDT MON APR 20 2009

GAZ018-SCZ001-004-200500-
GREATER OCONEE-OCONEE MOUNTAINS-STEPHENS-
1211 AM EDT MON APR 20 2009

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL AFFECT OCONEE AND STEPHENS COUNTIES
THROUGH 100 AM EDT...

AT 1209 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED
STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM LAKEMONT TO
TOCCOA...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH.

THESE STORMS WILL BE NEAR...
  LAKE HARTWELL BY 1220 AM EDT.
  WESTMINSTER BY 1225 AM EDT.
  WALHALLA BY 1230 AM EDT.
  SENECA BY 1235 AM EDT.
  LAKE KEOWEE BY 1240 AM EDT.

WIND GUSTS OF 30 TO 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THESE STORMS.

KRENTZ

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Georgia, 2009Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2009

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.