Alert archive / North Carolina / Flash Flood Warnings in 2009
Flash Flood Warning 38, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this flash flood warning at Aug 16, 2009, 1:08 PM EDT for Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. It was in force for 4 hr. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Aug 16, 2009, 1:08 PM EDT (17:08 UTC)
- Expired
- Aug 16, 2009, 5:00 PM EDT
- In force
- 4 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
County Mecklenburg County, NC
The radar
The Greer radar (KGSP), 129 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 17:09 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 16, 2:20 PM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 5 Sw Charlotte, NC | 2 VEHICLES REPORTED FLOATING IN WATER AT TYVOLA ROAD AND I-77. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this flash flood warning; the first came 72 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC (KGSO), launched 12:00Z, 5.1 hours before the alert went out and 126 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1246 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -19 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 739 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 8 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 4 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- -34 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000
WGUS52 KGSP 161708
FFWGSP
NCC119-162100-
/O.NEW.KGSP.FF.W.0038.090816T1708Z-090816T2100Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
108 PM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG HAS ISSUED A
* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
MECKLENBURG COUNTY IN THE PIEDMONT OF NORTH CAROLINA...
* UNTIL 500 PM EDT
* AT 1259 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED
A CLUSTER OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE CHARLOTTE METRO
AREA. HOURLY RAINFALL RATES MAY RANGE FROM 1 TO 2 INCHES AN HOUR
THROUGH 3 PM. THESE THUNDERSTORMS WERE NEARLY STATIONARY...AND WILL
REMAIN OVER MUCH OF THE CHARLOTTE AREA. WATER WILL RISE IN STREAMS
AND CREEKS...AND POORLY DRAINED URBAN AREAS WILL EXPERIENCE FLOODING.
* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO THE AREA
BETWEEN CROFT SOUTH TO CHARLOTTE AND THE SOUTHPARK MALL AREA.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
EXCESSIVE RUNOFF FROM HEAVY RAINFALL WILL CAUSE FLOODING OF SMALL
CREEKS AND STREAMS...URBAN AREAS...HIGHWAYS...STREETS AND UNDERPASSES
AS WELL AS OTHER DRAINAGE AREAS AND LOW LYING SPOTS.
MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO
AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY
DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS POWERFUL
ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED
ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.
TO REPORT HIGH WATER...FLOODING...MUDSLIDES...LANDSLIDES OR OTHER
SEVERE WEATHER THROUGH OUR AUTOMATED REPORTING SYSTEM...CALL OUR TOLL
FREE NUMBER...1 8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2.
&&
LAT...LON 3501 8084 3511 8093 3504 8105 3515 8103
3518 8100 3530 8100 3534 8097 3535 8092
3537 8098 3540 8095 3551 8094 3550 8078
3542 8075 3540 8076 3526 8065 3521 8055
$$
NED3 follow-up statements
000
WGUS72 KGSP 161751
FFSGSP
FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
151 PM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009
NCC119-162100-
/O.CON.KGSP.FF.W.0038.000000T0000Z-090816T2100Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
MECKLENBURG NC-
151 PM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009
...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 500 PM EDT FOR
MECKLENBURG COUNTY...
AT 145 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A CLUSTER OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCING FLASH
FLOODING OVER THE CHARLOTTE METRO AREA. AT 145 PM...AUTOMATED RAIN
GAUGES AND RADAR RAINFALL ESTIMATES INDICATE THAT 2 TO 3 INCHES OF
RAIN HAS FALLEN ACROSS CENTRAL MECKLENBURG COUNTY. HOURLY RAINFALL
RATES WILL CONTINUE TO RANGE FROM 1 TO 2 INCHES THROUGH 3
PM...LIKELY RESULTING IN FLASH FLOODING INTO THE LATE AFTERNOON.
HEAVY RAIN IN DOWNTOWN CHARLOTTE WILL CAUSE RAPID RISES ON LITTLE
SUGAR CREEK. FLOODING IN LOW LYING AREAS NEAR THE CREEK ESPECIALLY
ALONG SOUTH KING DRIVE...MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE AND BLYTHE AVENUE IS
POSSIBLE...MAINLY IN THE PARKING AREAS AT THE HOSPITALS. IN
ADDITION...FLOODING IN LOW LYING AREAS NEAR THE CREEK ESPECIALLY
ALONG CINDERELLA AND HIDDEN VALLEY ROADS WILL BE LIKELY. OTHER
AREAS...ESPECIALLY ALONG LITTLE SUGAR AND BRIAR CREEKS...WILL LIKELY
SEE FLASH FLOODING THIS AFTERNOON.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
EXCESSIVE RUNOFF FROM HEAVY RAINFALL WILL CAUSE FLOODING OF SMALL
CREEKS AND STREAMS...URBAN AREAS...HIGHWAYS...STREETS AND UNDERPASSES
AS WELL AS OTHER DRAINAGE AREAS AND LOW LYING SPOTS.
MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO
AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY
DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS POWERFUL
ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED
ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.
&&
LAT...LON 3501 8084 3511 8093 3504 8105 3515 8103
3518 8100 3530 8100 3534 8097 3535 8092
3537 8098 3540 8095 3551 8094 3550 8078
3542 8075 3540 8076 3526 8065 3521 8055
$$
NED000
WGUS72 KGSP 161902
FFSGSP
FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
302 PM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009
NCC119-162100-
/O.CON.KGSP.FF.W.0038.000000T0000Z-090816T2100Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
MECKLENBURG NC-
302 PM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009
...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 500 PM EDT FOR
SOUTHERN MECKLENBURG COUNTY...
AT 300 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A CLUSTER OF THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCING FLASH FLOODING ACROSS
PORTIONS OF THE CHARLOTTE METRO AREA. 3 TO 5 INCHES OF RAIN HAS
FALLEN IN SOME LOCATIONS OVER THE PAST 2 HOURS...ESPECIALLY IN AREAS
SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST OF THE CITY. HEAVY RAINFALL IS EXPECTED TO
CONTINUE THROUGH AT LEAST 4 PM...WITH RAINFALL RATES RANGING BETWEEN
ONE AND TWO INCHES PER HOUR.
FLASH FLOODING IS ALREADY OCCURRING AND IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE
ESPECIALLY ACROSS THE LITTLE SUGAR CREEK BASIN. SPECIFIC LOCATIONS
IN THIS AREA INCLUDE 36TH STREET...INDEPENDENCE BOULEVARD...HILLSIDE
AVENUE...AND TYVOLA ROAD AT I-77. MOTORISTS CAN EXPECT HIGH WATER
CONDITIONS NEAR CREEKS AND STREAMS...AS WELL AS AT UNDERPASSES AND
POOR DRAINAGE AREAS.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
EXCESSIVE RUNOFF FROM HEAVY RAINFALL WILL CAUSE FLOODING OF SMALL
CREEKS AND STREAMS...URBAN AREAS...HIGHWAYS...STREETS AND UNDERPASSES
AS WELL AS OTHER DRAINAGE AREAS AND LOW LYING SPOTS.
MOST FLOOD RELATED DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO
CROSS WATER COVERED BRIDGES...DIPS...OR LOW WATER CROSSINGS. NEVER
TRY TO CROSS A FLOWING STREAM...EVEN A SMALL ONE...ON FOOT. TO
ESCAPE RISING WATER MOVE UP TO HIGHER GROUND.
&&
LAT...LON 3501 8084 3511 8093 3505 8105 3511 8103
3513 8103 3518 8100 3530 8100 3533 8097
3532 8071 3528 8066 3526 8065 3521 8055
$$
BSH000
WGUS72 KGSP 162033
FFSGSP
FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
433 PM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009
NCC119-162100-
/O.CON.KGSP.FF.W.0038.000000T0000Z-090816T2100Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
MECKLENBURG NC-
433 PM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009
...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 500 PM EDT FOR
SOUTHERN MECKLENBURG COUNTY...
AT 430 PM EDT...HEAVY RAIN HAD ENDED OVER THE COUNTY...THOUGH AN
AREA OF LIGHT TO MODERATE SHOWERS PERSISTED OVER THE SOUTH SIDE OF
THE CITY OF CHARLOTTE. LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT REPORTS THAT SEVERAL
ROADS REMAIN BARRICADED ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE CITY...THOUGH NO
NEW FLOOD REPORTS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED OVER THE PAST HALF HOUR.
AUTOMATED STREAM GAUGES WERE FALLING ACROSS MOST OF THE COUNTY...AND
THE WARNING WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE AT 5 PM IF NO ADDITIONAL
THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOP OVER THE AREA.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
FLASH FLOODING IN URBAN AREAS INCLUDES FLOODING OF SMALL CREEKS AND
STREAMS...HIGHWAYS...STREETS AND UNDERPASSES AS WELL AS OTHER
DRAINAGE AREAS AND LOW LYING SPOTS.
&&
LAT...LON 3501 8084 3511 8093 3505 8105 3511 8103
3513 8103 3518 8100 3530 8100 3533 8097
3532 8071 3528 8066 3526 8065 3521 8055
$$
MCAVOYWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Aug 16, 11:29 AM EDT, 1 hour 39 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Aug 16, 11:29 AM EDT, 1 hour 39 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 1129 AM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009 .SYNOPSIS... A LARGE AREA OF SUBTROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE CENTERED OVER THE ATLANTIC WILL REMAIN THE DOMINANT WEATHER FEATURE ACROSS THE FORECAST AREA THROUGH MIDWEEK. A COLD FRONT WILL APPROACH THE REGION TOWARD THE END OF THE WEEK. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/... TWEAKED CLOUD COVER...POPS AND TEMP/DP ACROSS THE AREA THIS AFTN TO ACCOUNT FOR LATEST TRENDS/GUIDANCE IN CONTINUING MOIST UPSLOPE FLOW. PREVIOUS DISCUSSION...KGSP RADAR SHOWS ISOLATED SHOWERS DEVELOPING ACROSS THE NORTHERN PART OF THE UPSTATE AT 07Z IN AN OTHERWISE UNPRODUCTIVE WEAK EASTERLY UPSLOPE FLOW. EXPECT THAT LOW CLOUDS AND A FEW MORE SHOWERS WILL GRADUALLY DEVELOP FROM NOW THROUGH THE MORNING HOURS AS MOISTURE DEEPENS AND INCREASES A BIT AT LOW LEVELS. HIGH CLOUDS MAY PREVENT FOG FROM DEVELOPING TO THE EXTENT THAT IT HAS IN RECENT MORNINGS. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS SHOULD GROW IN NUMBER DURING THE MIDDLE PART OF THE DAY BUT REMAIN SCATTERED. GENERALLY WEAK LAPSE RATES AND TALL SKINNY CAPE PROFILE WILL HOPEFULLY KEEP MOST OF THEM FROM BECOMING SEVERE. KEPT PRECIP CHANCES IN LINE WITH NEWEST GUIDANCE ON THE LOW END OF CHANCE ALTHO BOTH OPERATIONAL MODELS SHOW PRECIP ACROSS MOST OF THE REGION IN THE AFTERNOON. THE CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY WILL GRADUALLY DIMINISH DURING THE EVENING HOURS...BUT MAY NOT GO AWAY ENTIRELY OVERNIGHT WITH THE EASTERLY UPSLOPE CONTINUING. SO...A SLIGHT CHANCE POP WAS KEPT ACROSS ALL BUT THE NW PIEDMONT. ONLY MINOR CHANGES WERE MADE TO THE MIN TEMPS. && .SHORT TERM /MONDAY THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/... AS OF 230 AM SUNDAY...SUBTROPICAL RIDGE WILL CONTINUE TO DOMINATE THE WEATHER ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST CONUS...AS A TROPICAL SYSTEM MOVES INTO THE CENTRAL GULF COASTAL REGION. AT THE SFC...BERMUDA HIGH KEEPS THE CWA IN MOIST SLY LOW LEVEL FLOW. ABOVE NORMAL CLOUD COVER AND NEAR NORMAL TEMPS WILL BE ON TAP...WITH GENERALLY DIURNALLY DRIVEN CONVECTION. THE MEAN FLOW BACKS FROM WLY TO SLY ON TUESDAY...AND OVERALL GUIDANCE SHOWS WARMING MID LEVELS AND VERY MOIST SOUNDINGS. SO I CUT BACK POP EAST OF THE MTNS TO JUST SLGT CHC (IN LINE WITH LATEST MODEL CONSENSUS). && .LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... AS OF 245 PM SATURDAY...GUIDANCE IN AGREEMENT ON TROPICAL REMNANTS DISSIPATING TO OUR WEST...AS WESTERN SIDE OF BIG SUBTROPICAL RIDGE BREAKS DOWN. LARGE UPPER TROF WILL DEEPEN AND PROPAGATE INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST. THE 00Z GFS AND 12Z/15 ECMWF ARE IN REASONABLE AGREEMENT ON THE TROF NOT REACHING THE APPALACHAINS UNTIL ABOUT FRIDAY NIGHT. AN ACCOMPANYING COLD FRONT WILL PUSH ACRS THE OH/TN VALLEYS AND POSSIBLY REACH THE NC MTNS BY SATURDAY MORNING. AS FAR AS TS ANA IS CONCERNED...THE GFS TOTALLY KILLS THE SYSTEM BEFORE IT REACHES THE CONUS. THE ECMWF KEEPS A SYSTEM/VORT CENTER ALL THE WAY TO FL...BUT HAS THE LOW RECURVE INTO THE ATLANTIC SOUTH OF CHARLESTON SC. IN ANY CASE...STILL LOOKS LIKE A VERY MOIST ATMOSPHERE AHEAD OF THE FRONT. WITH THAT SAID...THE OVERALL TEMP/POP TREND WITH THIS SYNOPTIC EVOLUTION IS CLOSE TO WHAT IS SHOWN IN THE GRIDS. SO THE MEDIUM RANGE WAS NOT TOUCHED FOR THE MORNING FCST PACKAGE. && .AVIATION /16Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... EXTENSIVE HIGH CLOUDS HAVE LARGELY PREVENTED WIDESPREAD FOG FROM DEVELOPING EARLY THIS MORNING BUT AREAS OF FOG THAT DO DEVELOP MIGHT BE SLOWER TO BURN OFF. THE MAIN ISSUE IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN MVFR CEILING AS WE START TO CONVECT WITH MORNING HEATING. IT NOW APPEARS MORE LIKELY THAT WE WILL NOT...SO OTHER THAN TEMPO...MOST TAFS KEEP MVFR CLOUDS SCATTERED...APART FROM KAVL WHERE HIGH CLOUDS ARE THINNER. SCATTERED SHOWERS AND A FEW THUNDERSTORMS SHOULD DEVELOP ACROSS ALL BUT THE NW PIEDMONT TODAY...AND HAVE INCLUDED A VCSH TO ACCOUNT FOR THIS. THE LOW CLOUDS SHOULD THIN OUT FURTHER THIS EVENING AND WINDS WILL GO LIGHT AND VARIABLE. AT KCLT...WIND DIRECTION IS PROBLEMATIC. EVENTUALLY THE UPSLOPE FLOW SHOULD BECOME BETTER ESTABLISHED SO THE WIND DIRECTION WAS BROUGHT UP FROM THE SOUTHEAST THIS AFTERNOON. OUTLOOK...LOW LEVEL MOISTURE WILL REMAIN ABUNDANT SO LOW CLOUDS AND FOG ARE EXPECTED EACH MORNING THROUGH MID WEEK. CEILING AND VIS WILL ALSO BE RESTRICTED IN THE VICINITY OF ISOLATED TO SCATTERED MAINLY AFTERNOON AND EVENING SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS. && .GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... GA...NONE. NC...NONE. SC...NONE. && SYNOPSIS...ARK NEAR TERM...PM/RB SHORT TERM...ARK LONG TERM...ARK AVIATION...PM/RB
Hazardous weather outlook, Aug 16, 4:06 AM EDT, 9 hours 2 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 406 AM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009 GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033-035>037-048>053-056>059-062>065- 068>072-082-501>510-SCZ001>014-019-170815- RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-AVERY-ALEXANDER- IREDELL-DAVIE-MADISON-YANCEY-MITCHELL-SWAIN-HAYWOOD-BUNCOMBE-CATAWBA- ROWAN-GRAHAM-NORTHERN JACKSON-MACON-SOUTHERN JACKSON-TRANSYLVANIA- HENDERSON-CLEVELAND-LINCOLN-GASTON-MECKLENBURG-CABARRUS-UNION NC- CALDWELL MOUNTAINS-GREATER CALDWELL-BURKE MOUNTAINS-GREATER BURKE- MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS-EASTERN MCDOWELL-RUTHERFORD MOUNTAINS- GREATER RUTHERFORD-POLK MOUNTAINS-EASTERN POLK-OCONEE MOUNTAINS- PICKENS MOUNTAINS-GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS-GREATER OCONEE- GREATER PICKENS-GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-CHEROKEE-YORK- ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE-LAURENS-UNION SC-CHESTER-GREENWOOD- 406 AM EDT SUN AUG 16 2009 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHEAST GEORGIA...PIEDMONT NORTH CAROLINA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT. SCATTERED SHOWERS AND A FEW THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP THIS AFTERNOON. THE GREATEST COVERAGE IS EXPECTED TO BE ACROSS THE NORTH CAROLINA MOUNTAINS...THE UPSTATE...AND THE UPPER SAVANNAH RIVER VALLEY. HEAVY DOWNPOURS AND CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING WILL BE THE MAIN THREATS. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY. NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... NONE. ARK
The office that day
Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 16, 2:22 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Gaston | 53 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in North Carolina, 2009Every flash flood warning in 2009
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.