Alert archive / Alaska / Gale Warnings in 2009
Gale Warning 547, NWS Anchorage, AK
NWS Anchorage, AK issued this gale warning at Aug 22, 2009, 4:00 AM AKDT. It was in force for 12 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Aug 22, 2009, 4:00 AM AKDT (12:00 UTC)
- Expired
- Aug 22, 2009, 4:00 PM AKDT
- In force
- 12 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Anchorage, AK
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 FZAK52 PAFC 221105 CWFALU COASTAL WATERS FORECAST NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE ALASKA 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 COASTAL WATERS FORECAST FOR SOUTHWEST ALASKA+BRISTOL BAY+THE ALASKA PENINSULA WATERS AND THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS UP TO 100 NM OUT. WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT. PKZ199-230200- 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 .SYNOPSIS FOR SOUTHWEST ALASKA+BRISTOL BAY+THE ALASKA PENINSULA WATERS AND THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS... A WEAK WEATHER FRONT IN THE EASTERN BERING SEA WILL MOVE ONSHORE SAT MORNING. A SECOND FRONT WILL ENTER THE NORTHERN BERING SAT MORNING AND MOVE TO THE EASTERN BERING SAT NIGHT AND ONSHORE SUN MORNING. A 998 MB LOW 580 NM WEST OF SHEMYA LATE SAT NIGHT WILL MOVE TO 250 NM NORTH OF SHEMYA LATE SUN NIGHT AND STRENGTHEN TO 994 MB. $$ PKZ150-230200- COASTAL WATERS SOUTH OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA SITKINAK TO CASTLE CAPE 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY SUNDAY... .TODAY...W WIND 15 KT. SEAS 4 FT. .TONIGHT...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .SUN...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .SUN NIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .MON...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .TUE...SE WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .WED...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 5 FT. $$ PKZ155-230200- COASTAL WATERS SOUTH OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA CASTLE CAPE TO CAPE SARICHEF 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT AND SUNDAY... .TODAY...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. RAIN. .TONIGHT AND SUN...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .SUN NIGHT...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .MON...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. .TUE...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT. .WED...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. $$ PKZ160-230200- BRISTOL BAY WATERS CAPE NEWENHAM TO PORT HEIDEN 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY SUNDAY... .TODAY...W WIND 20 KT BECOMING NW 15 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS 6 FT. RAIN. .TONIGHT...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .SUN...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .SUN NIGHT...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .MON...S WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .TUE...NE WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .WED...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. $$ PKZ165-230200- PORT HEIDEN TO CAPE SARICHEF 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 .TODAY...SW WIND 20 KT BECOMING NW 15 KT BY AFTERNOON. SEAS 6 FT. PATCHY FOG. RAIN. .TONIGHT...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN NIGHT...W WIND 15 KT. SEAS 4 FT. .MON...S WIND 30 KT. SEAS 9 FT. .TUE...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .WED...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 5 FT. $$ PKZ180-230200- SOUTHWEST ALASKA WATERS CAPE NEWENHAM TO DALL POINT 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT... .TODAY...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. PATCHY FOG. .TONIGHT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .MON...SE WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .TUE AND WED...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. $$ PKZ170-230200- EASTERN ALEUTIANS CAPE SARICHEF TO NIKOLSKI 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT AND SUNDAY... .TODAY...SW WIND 15 KT BECOMING NW 20 KT BY LATE MORNING. SEAS 6 FT. RAIN. .TONIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .SUN...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT. .MON...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. .TUE...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. .WED...E WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT. $$ PKZ171-230200- UNALASKA BAY 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 .TODAY...SW WIND 15 KT BECOMING NW BY LATE MORNING. SEAS 5 FT. RAIN. .TONIGHT...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .SUN...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 3 FT. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. .MON...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 3 FT. .TUE...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .WED...E WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. $$ PKZ172-230200- EASTERN ALEUTIANS NIKOLSKI TO ADAK 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 .TODAY...NW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 4 FT. .TONIGHT...NW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 4 FT. .SUN...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .SUN NIGHT...S WIND 35 KT. SEAS 13 FT. .MON AND TUE...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. .WED...S WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. $$ PKZ175-230200- WESTERN ALEUTIANS ADAK TO KISKA 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY SUNDAY... .TODAY...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 4 FT. PATCHY FOG. .TONIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT BECOMING S 15 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 4 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN...S WIND 20 KT INCREASING TO 30 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS 8 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 14 FT. .MON...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. .TUE...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 9 FT. .WED...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. $$ PKZ176-230200- WESTERN ALEUTIANS KISKA TO ATTU 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...GALE WARNING SUNDAY... .TODAY...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 4 FT. PATCHY FOG. .TONIGHT...SE WIND 15 KT INCREASING TO 25 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 7 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN...S WIND 35 KT. SEAS 12 FT. PATCHY FOG. RAIN. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. .MON...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 10 FT. .TUE...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .WED...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. $$ PKZ185-230200- ST MATTHEW ISLAND WATERS 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TODAY... .TODAY...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. PATCHY FOG. .TONIGHT AND SUNDAY...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .MON...NE WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .TUE...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .WED...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 4 FT. $$ PKZ179-230200- PRIBILOF ISLANDS NEAR-SHORE WATERS 400 AM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 .TODAY...W WIND 15 KT. SEAS 4 FT. PATCHY FOG. .TONIGHT...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN...W WIND 15 KT. SEAS 5 FT. PATCHY FOG. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .MON...S WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. .TUE...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .WED...E WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. $$
1 follow-up statement
000 FZAK52 PAFC 222347 CWFALU COASTAL WATERS FORECAST NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE ALASKA 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 COASTAL WATERS FORECAST FOR SOUTHWEST ALASKA+BRISTOL BAY+THE ALASKA PENINSULA WATERS AND THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS UP TO 100 NM OUT. WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT. PKZ199-231400- 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 .SYNOPSIS FOR SOUTHWEST ALASKA+BRISTOL BAY+THE ALASKA PENINSULA WATERS AND THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS... A WEAK WEATHER FRONT OVER THE NORTHERN BERING WILL MOVE ONSHORE OVER WESTERN ALASKA SAT NIGHT. A 997 MB LOW WILL DEVELOP 400 NM WEST OF SHEMYA SUN MORNING AND MOVE EAST TO 125 NM NORTHWEST OF DUTCH HARBOR MON AFTERNOON. $$ PKZ150-231400- COASTAL WATERS SOUTH OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA SITKINAK TO CASTLE CAPE 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...NW WIND 15 KT INCREASING TO 25 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 6 FT. RAIN SHOWERS. .SUN AND SUN NIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 9 FT. .MON...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .MON NIGHT AND TUE...NE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .WED...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .THU...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. $$ PKZ155-231400- COASTAL WATERS SOUTH OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA CASTLE CAPE TO CAPE SARICHEF 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .SUN AND SUN NIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .MON...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .MON NIGHT...S WIND 15 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .TUE...NE WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .WED AND THU...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. $$ PKZ160-231400- BRISTOL BAY WATERS CAPE NEWENHAM TO PORT HEIDEN 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...NW WIND 15 KT INCREASING TO 25 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 8 FT. .SUN...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .SUN NIGHT...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 9 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .MON...SW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .MON NIGHT...E WIND 15 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .TUE...NE WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .WED...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .THU...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. $$ PKZ165-231400- PORT HEIDEN TO CAPE SARICHEF 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 .TONIGHT...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .SUN AND SUN NIGHT...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .MON...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .MON NIGHT...SE WIND 15 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .TUE...NE WIND 15 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .WED...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .THU...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. $$ PKZ180-231400- SOUTHWEST ALASKA WATERS CAPE NEWENHAM TO DALL POINT 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY THROUGH SUNDAY... .TONIGHT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .SUN...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 8 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 7 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .MON...S WIND 15 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .MON NIGHT...NE WIND 15 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .TUE...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .WED...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .THU...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. $$ PKZ170-231400- EASTERN ALEUTIANS CAPE SARICHEF TO NIKOLSKI 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT AND SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .SUN...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .SUN NIGHT...W WIND 15 KT INCREASING TO SW 25 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 7 FT. .MON...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 10 FT. .MON NIGHT...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. .TUE...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 9 FT. .WED...E WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .THU...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 9 FT. $$ PKZ171-231400- UNALASKA BAY 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 .TONIGHT...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .SUN...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 2 FT. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. .MON...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 3 FT. .MON NIGHT...W WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. .TUE...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .WED...E WIND 15 KT. SEAS 3 FT. .THU...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. $$ PKZ172-231400- EASTERN ALEUTIANS NIKOLSKI TO ADAK 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .SUN...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .SUN NIGHT...S WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. .MON AND MON NIGHT...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. .TUE...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 10 FT. .WED...S WIND 30 KT. SEAS 10 FT. .THU...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 12 FT. $$ PKZ175-231400- WESTERN ALEUTIANS ADAK TO KISKA 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...GALE WARNING SUNDAY AND SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...VARIABLE WINDS LESS THAN 10 KT BECOMING S 20 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 6 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .SUN...S WIND 25 KT INCREASING TO 35 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS 9 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .SUN NIGHT...S WIND 35 KT. SEAS 13 FT. RAIN AND FOG. .MON AND MON NIGHT...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. .TUE...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .WED...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT. .THU...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 13 FT. $$ PKZ176-231400- WESTERN ALEUTIANS KISKA TO ATTU 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...S WIND 15 KT INCREASING TO SE 30 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS 8 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .SUN...S WIND 30 KT. SEAS 12 FT. RAIN AND FOG. .SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 13 FT. RAIN SHOWERS. AREAS OF FOG. .MON AND MON NIGHT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 13 FT. .TUE...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 9 FT. .WED...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 11 FT. .THU...SW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 11 FT. $$ PKZ185-231400- ST MATTHEW ISLAND WATERS 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT... .TONIGHT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .SUN AND SUN NIGHT...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .MON THROUGH TUE...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 7 FT. .WED...NW WIND 10 KT. SEAS 5 FT. .THU...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. $$ PKZ179-231400- PRIBILOF ISLANDS NEAR-SHORE WATERS 400 PM AKDT SAT AUG 22 2009 ...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT AND SUNDAY NIGHT... .TONIGHT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .SUN...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .SUN NIGHT...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 8 FT. AREAS OF FOG. .MON...SE WIND 20 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .MON NIGHT AND TUE...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 8 FT. .WED...E WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. .THU...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. $$
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this gale warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Anchorage, AK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this gale warning went out at Aug 21, 4:00 PM AKDT, 12 hours earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Aug 21, 4:00 PM AKDT, 12 hours before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION SOUTHCENTRAL AND SOUTHWEST ALASKA 400 PM AKDT FRI AUG 21 2009 .ANALYSIS AND UPPER LEVELS...THE OLD LOW IN THE GULF OF ALASKA CONTINUES TO MOVE SLOWLY EASTWARD AND THIS WILL BRING AN END TO THE SHOWERS IN THE COPPER RIVER BASIN AND EASTERN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND. THE UPPER LEVEL RIDGE BEHIND THIS LOW IS KEEPING SOUTH CENTRAL ALASKA AND THE EASTERN PART OF THE KUSKOKWIM VALLEY UNDER MOSTLY SUNNY SKIES. FARTHER WEST THE LONG WAVE UPPER LEVEL TROUGH CONTINUES TO DIG TO THE SOUTHEAST. THE COLD FRONT ASSOCIATED WITH THIS WAVE WILL MOVE INTO SOUTHWEST ALASKA TONIGHT AND INTO SOUTH CENTRAL ALASKA BY SUNDAY. .MODEL DISCUSSION...IN THE SHORT TERM THEY ARE DOING VERY WELL. THINGS BEGIN TO BREAK DOWN IN THE BERING SEA SUNDAY NIGHT WITH THE GFS LOW BEING SIGNIFICANTLY DEEPER THAN THE NAM OR ECMWF. ALL THREE MODELS VARY IN THE LOCATION OF THE CENTER AS WELL. AFTER THIS THE WHEEL COME OFF AND THERE IS VERY LITTLE CONFIDENCE IN ANY SOLUTION PRESENTED FOR THE BERING SEA AREA. BY TUESDAY AND TUESDAY NIGHT THE GFS AND ECMWF HAVE A RIDGE OR A MODERATE LOW RESPECTIVELY IN THE CENTRAL BERING SEA. THE SYSTEM IN THE EARLY PART OF NEXT WEEK IS THE REMNANT OF AN OLD TYPHOON AND MODELS ARE USUALLY VERY BAD AT RESOLVING THESE SYSTEMS. NOT MANY IF ANY CHANGES WILL BE MADE PAST THREE DAYS IN THE FORECAST AS THERE IS SUCH LOW CONFIDENCE IN ANY MODEL AT THIS POINT. .SHORT TERM FORECAST...EXPECT RAIN TO DEVELOP IN SOUTHWEST ALASKA AND THEN THE BRISTOL BAY REGION AS THE COLD FRONT MOVES INTO THE AREA. SOUTH CENTRAL ALASKA WILL SEE INCREASING CLOUDS SATURDAY WITH RAIN DEVELOPING SUNDAY. STRONG SUBSIDENCE BEHIND THE FRONT IS CREATING AN UNUSUALLY CLEAR AREA IN THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL BERING SEA. THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS MAY SEE A LITTLE SUNSHINE BEHIND THIS FRONT AS A RESULT. .LONG TERM FORECAST...THERE IS LOW CONFIDENCE IN THE LONG TERM FORECASTS DUE TO THE HUGE DISPARITY IN MODELS SOLUTIONS RESOLVING THE REMNANTS OF THE OLD TYPHOON MOVING TOWARD THE BERING SEA. .AER/ALU...WATCH/WARNING SUMMARY PUBLIC...NONE. MARINE...NONE. FIRE WEATHER...NONE. AUG 09
The office that day
Everything else NWS Anchorage, AK issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 21, 4:00 PM AKDT | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 12 hr | |
| Aug 22, 4:00 AM AKDT | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 4 days |
Nearby
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.