Severe Thunderstorm Warning 83, NWS New York, NY

000 
WWUS51 KOKX 272002
SVSOKX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE UPTON NY
402 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

CTC001-NJC003-NYC087-119-272012-
/O.CAN.KOKX.SV.W.0083.000000T0000Z-080727T2015Z/
BERGEN NJ-ROCKLAND NY-FAIRFIELD CT-WESTCHESTER NY-
402 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR WESTCHESTER...FAIRFIELD...
ROCKLAND AND EAST CENTRAL BERGEN COUNTIES IS CANCELLED...

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM. 

LAT...LON 4132 7375 4115 7350 4091 7384 4091 7386
      4093 7390 4093 7391 4091 7392 4089 7392
      4084 7395 4096 7411
TIME...MOT...LOC 2002Z 222DEG 19KT 4112 7376

$$

GOODMAN

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE UPTON NY
137 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

.SYNOPSIS...
A TROUGH IN THE LEE OF THE APPALACHIANS WILL REMAIN NEARLY
STATIONARY OVER WESTERN PARTS OF THE TRI-STATE THROUGH MONDAY
MORNING...WHEN IT WILL MERGE WITH A COLD FRONT APPROACHING FROM
THE WEST...WHICH WILL CROSS THE REGION MONDAY AFTERNOON AND
EVENING. WEAK HIGH PRESSURE THEN BUILDS IN LATE MONDAY NIGHT AND
TUESDAY...THEN SLIDES OFFSHORE TUESDAY NIGHT. AN AREA OF LOW
PRESSURE WILL TRACK EAST ACROSS THE AREA WEDNESDAY AND WEDNESDAY
NIGHT. A FRONT WILL THEN REMAIN STALLED JUST SOUTH OF THE REGION
WITH WAVES OF LOW PRESSURE PERIODICALLY RIDING ALONG THE FRONT
FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE WEEK.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/...
UPDATED TO ADD SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 760 FOR THE ENTIRE TRI-
STATE AREA THROUGH 8PM. STORMS HAVE ALREADY PRODUCED LARGE HAIL IN
NASSAU COUNTY. ANOTHER LINE OVER FROM EASTERN PA UP THROUGH THE
HUDSON VALLEY WILL MOVE INTO WESTERN ZONES WITHIN THE NEXT HOUR OR
TWO BUT AT THIS POINT CANT RULE OUT SOMETHING POPPING JUST ABOUT
ANYWHERE. INCREASED POPS ACROSS LONG ISLAND AND EASTERN CT WHERE
LINE HAS ALREADY DEVELOPED.

POPS GRADUALLY TAPER DOWN FROM NW TO SE AFTER MIDNIGHT TONIGHT.

FOR TEMPERATURES...FOR HIGHS TODAY USED A BLEND OF MAV/FWC MOS
WITH MIX DOWN OF NAM 850 TEMPERATURE (WEIGHED MORE TOWARDS MIXED
DOWN TEMPERATURE INLAND...AND MOS NEAR THE COAST)...FOR LOWS
TONIGHT USED A MAV/FWC/MET BLEND. TEMPERATURES SHOULD RUN SLIGHTLY
ABOVE NORMAL.

&&

.SHORT TERM /MONDAY THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/...
WITH SURFACE TO 850 COLD FRONT MOVING THROUGH MONDAY
AFTERNOON/EVENING ALONG WITH MID TO UPPER LEVEL TROUGH AXIS...HAVE
MAINTAINED CHANCE POPS THAT TIME FRAME (HIGHER THAN GUIDANCE...BUT
NOT MUCH ABOVE A BLEND OF FWC/MET 6 HOUR POPS). APPEARS MODELS
UNDERESTIMATING LOW LEVEL MOISTURE (AS THEY CURRENTLY ARE) AS DRIER
AIR WILL NOT MOVE IN UNTIL PASSAGE OF MERGED COLD FRONT/LEE TROUGH
COMBO (IT APPEARS MODELS TRY TO ADVECT DRIER AIR BETWEEN LEE
TROUGH AND COLD FRONT CURRENTLY THROUGH THE LEE TROUGH
OVERNIGHT...HOWEVER EXPERIENCE SUGGESTS APPALACHIANS WILL ACT AS
SUFFICIENT BARRIER TO PREVENT THAT FROM HAPPENING. WILL HAVE LESS
SHEAR MONDAY THAN TODAY...SO THREAT OF SEVERE WEATHER IS REDUCED
AS WELL.

LOOKS LIKE MONDAY WILL BE ABOUT A DEGREE OR SO WARMER THAN TODAY
(WARM PUSH AHEAD OF COLD FRONT). LOWS MONDAY NIGHT SHOULD BE A TAD
COOLER THAN TONIGHT BEHIND THE FRONT.

MAIN IMPACT OF COLD FRONT WILL BE TO DRY THINGS OUT SOMEWHAT...SO
HAVE GONE WITH A DRY FORECAST FROM LATE MONDAY EVENING THROUGH
TUESDAY NIGHT (RETURN FLOW JUST SETTING UP TUESDAY NIGHT...SO TO
SOON TO SUPPORT DIURNAL CONVECTION).

IMPACT OF COLD FRONT IS NOT ALL THAT SIGNIFICANT AS FAR AS HIGHS
GO AS VERY WELL COULD APPROACH/REACH 90 IN METRO NEW YORK CITY
HEAT ISLAND (AWAY FROM SOUTHERN COASTAL AREAS) AGAIN ON
TUESDAY...AND WITH A UNIFORM WESTERLY FLOW THROUGH THE BOUNDARY
LAYER...THE SEA BREEZE WILL NOT BE FROM TYPICAL ONSHORE
DIRECTION...BUT MORE SW (IF IT FORMS AT ALL)...SO TUESDAY COULD BE
THE WARMEST DAY SO FAR THIS WEEK FOR COASTAL AREAS. LOWS TUESDAY NIGHT
WILL RUN A FEW DEGREES ABOVE NORMAL.

&&

.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
FOR EXTENDED LEANED TOWARDS A BLEND OF 00Z GEFS MEAN AND 12Z AND
00Z ECMWF.

A STORM SYSTEM WILL CROSS THE TRI-STATE WEDNESDAY/WEDNESDAY
NIGHT...LIKELY PUSHING THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY THAT STALLED TO OUR
SOUTH TUESDAY BACK NORTH THROUGH MOST OF THE AREA AHEAD OF
IT...THEN SEND IT BACK TO OUR SOUTH BEHIND IT BY THURSDAY MORNING.
BEING IN THE WARM SECTOR WEDNESDAY WILL ALLOW FOR HIGHS WEDNESDAY
TO REACH NEAR TO SLIGHTLY ABOVE NORMAL LEVELS. THIS FRONT WILL
REMAIN STALLED TO OUR SOUTH INTO SATURDAY WITH WAVES OF LOW
PRESSURE RIDING ALONG IT FROM TIME TO TIME. THIS COUPLED WITH
EASTERLY FLOW SETTING UP ACROSS THE REGION...RESULTED IN TWEAKING
THE FORECAST IN A MORE PESSIMISTIC DIRECTION...WITH AT LEAST
SLIGHT CHANCE POPS EVERYDAY...INCREASED CLOUD COVER AND SLIGHTLY
LOWER TEMPERATURES AT DAY/SLIGHTLY WARMER AT NIGHT THAN PREVIOUS
FORECAST. (SO EXPECT BELOW NORMAL HIGHS AND ABOVE NORMAL LOWS THU-
SAT).

&&

.AVIATION /18Z SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUE TO MOVE ACROSS THE AREA TERMINALS
TODAY AS A PRE FRONTAL TROUGH AND COLD FRONT PUSH ACROSS THE AREA.
THE COLD FRONT IS NOW ENTERING THE WESTERN PART OF THE CWA. SHOWERS
AND THUNDERSTORMS ON LONG ISLAND WILL PUSH OFF TO THE EAST...WHILE
ADDITIONAL STORMS ENTER FROM THE WEST AND PUSH EASTWARD. ALL THE
AREA TERMINALS WILL SEE ADDITIONAL STORMS. ANY THUNDERSTORMS THAT
DEVELOP WILL PRODUCE HEAVY RAINFALL...GUSTY WINDS AND SMALL HAIL.
CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED TO FALL TO IFR IN THUNDERSTORMS. MANY OF
THESE STORMS SHOULD COME TO AN END BETWEEN 02Z AND 05Z.
CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED TO IMPROVE TO VFR FOR THE END OF THE TAF
PERIOD.

OUTLOOK FOR 18Z MONDAY THROUGH THURSDAY...
ANOTHER TROUGH/COLD FRONT APPROACHES FOR MONDAY AFTERNOON. LOCAL
MVFR TO IFR CIGS/VSBYS AND GUSTY WINDS IN SHOWERS/TSTMS POSSIBLE
ONCE AGAIN MONDAY AFTERNOON INTO MONDAY NIGHT. THE BOUNDARY STALLS
SOUTH OF THE AREA MONDAY NIGHT. SUB-VFR CONDITIONS POSSIBLE ON WED
AFTERNOON THROUGH THU AS AN AREA OF LOW PRESSURE MOVES ALONG THE
STATIONARY BOUNDARY. DRIER WEATHER IS EXPECTED FRIDAY AFTERNOON.

&&

.MARINE...
QUICK UPDATE TO ADD SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 760 THROUGH 8PM.

GENERALLY QUIET CONDITIONS THROUGH THE FORECAST PERIOD...WITH
WINDS AND SEAS EXPECTED TO REMAIN BELOW SCA. A WEAK COLD FRONT
WILL APPROACH TODAY AND WASH OUT AS IT GETS HUNG UP EITHER ACROSS
WESTERN WATERS OR TO THE WEST. ANOTHER WEAK COLD FRONT WILL PUSH
TOWARD THE AREA...AND IS EXPECTED TO CROSS THE WATERS MONDAY
NIGHT. WEAK HIGH PRESSURE BUILDS IN FOR TUESDAY...BEFORE A ANOTHER
WEAK TROUGH APPROACHES FOR THE MIDDLE OF THE WEEK. HIGH PRESSURE
RETURNS FOR THE END FOR THE WEEK.

A 3 FT SOUTHERLY SWELL GENERATED BY THE PRE-FRONTAL S-SW FLOW SHOULD
BE ENOUGH TO CONTINUE A MODERATE RIP CURRENT RISK AT THE OCEAN
BEACHES TODAY.

&&

.HYDROLOGY...
EVEN WITH SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS TODAY AND TONIGHT...SHOULD BE
RELATIVELY QUICK MOVING...SO FLOOD THREAT IS NOT ALL THAT GREAT.
GENERALLY EXPECT 1/4 TO 1/2 AN INCH OF RAINFALL WITH LOCALLY HIGHER
AMOUNTS. WHILE LOCALIZED URBAN FLOODING CANNOT BE RULED OUT IN ANY
HEAVIER DOWNPOURS...IT DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE A SIGNIFICANT THREAT
AT THIS TIME. EXPECT GENERALLY A QUARTER AN INCH OR LESS FROM ANY
CONVECTION MONDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING. THE NEXT CHANCE FOR ANY
SIGNIFICANT PRECIPITATION WILL BE WITH PASSAGE OF A STORM SYSTEM
WEDNESDAY/WEDNESDAY NIGHT. SHOULD THEN HAVE SPOTTY LIGHT PRECIPITATION
WITH FRONT STALLED TO SOUTH AND EASTERLY FLOW THU-SAT.

&&

.EQUIPMENT...
ON JULY 28TH...MARINE OBSERVATIONS FROM AMBROSE LIGHT TOWER WILL
BE DECOMMISSIONED.

&&

.OKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CT...NONE.
NY...NONE.
NJ...NONE.
MARINE...NONE.

&&

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE UPTON NY
1226 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

NYZ075>077-080-081-281630-
KINGS (BROOKLYN)-QUEENS-NASSAU-SOUTHWESTERN SUFFOLK-
SOUTHEASTERN SUFFOLK-
1226 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 760 IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHEAST NEW YORK.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH.

THERE IS ALSO A MODERATE RISK OF RIP CURRENTS AT THE ATLANTIC
OCEAN BEACHES.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME THAT WOULD MEET
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WARNING CRITERIA.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES.

&&

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK PROVIDES A SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL
WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER EVENTS THAT MAY REACH NWS WARNING
CRITERIA. MOST LONG FUSED NWS WATCHES...WARNINGS AND ADVISORIES IN
EFFECT ARE HIGHLIGHTED.

PLEASE REFER TO THE LATEST NWS FORECASTS FOR WEATHER NOT MEETING NWS
WARNING CRITERIA.

ANZ330-335-338-340-345-350-353-355-CTZ005>012-NJZ002>006-011-
NYZ067>074-078-079-281630-
LONG ISLAND SOUND EAST OF NEW HAVEN CT/PORT JEFFERSON NY-
LONG ISLAND SOUND WEST OF NEW HAVEN CT/PORT JEFFERSON NY-
NEW YORK HARBOR-PECONIC AND GARDINERS BAYS-
SOUTH SHORE BAYS FROM JONES INLET THROUGH SHINNECOCK BAY-
MORICHES INLET NY TO MONTAUK POINT NY OUT 20 NM-
FIRE ISLAND INLET NY TO MORICHES INLET NY OUT 20 NM-
SANDY HOOK NJ TO FIRE ISLAND INLET NY OUT 20 NM-NORTHERN FAIRFIELD-
NORTHERN NEW HAVEN-NORTHERN MIDDLESEX-NORTHERN NEW LONDON-
SOUTHERN FAIRFIELD-SOUTHERN NEW HAVEN-SOUTHERN MIDDLESEX-
SOUTHERN NEW LONDON-WESTERN PASSAIC-BERGEN-EASTERN PASSAIC-ESSEX-
HUDSON-UNION-ORANGE-PUTNAM-ROCKLAND-NORTHERN WESTCHESTER-
SOUTHERN WESTCHESTER-NEW YORK (MANHATTAN)-BRONX-
RICHMOND (STATEN ISLAND)-NORTHWESTERN SUFFOLK-NORTHEASTERN SUFFOLK-
1226 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 760 IN EFFECT UNTIL 8 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR ATLANTIC COASTAL
WATERS...SOUTHERN CONNECTICUT...NORTHEAST NEW JERSEY AND SOUTHEAST
NEW YORK.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME THAT WOULD MEET
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WARNING CRITERIA.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES.

&&

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK PROVIDES A SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL
WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER EVENTS THAT MAY REACH NWS WARNING
CRITERIA. MOST LONG FUSED NWS WATCHES...WARNINGS AND ADVISORIES IN
EFFECT ARE HIGHLIGHTED.

PLEASE REFER TO THE LATEST NWS FORECASTS FOR WEATHER NOT MEETING NWS
WARNING CRITERIA.

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE UPTON NY
226 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0210 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SHIRLEY                 40.80N 72.87W
07/27/2008                   SUFFOLK            NY   NWS EMPLOYEE

            TREES, FLAGPOLE, WIRES DOWN, WIDESPREAD POWER OUTAGES
            MONTAUK HWY AND WILLIAM FLOYD PARKWAY AREA

0215 PM     FLASH FLOOD      SHIRLEY                 40.80N 72.87W
07/27/2008                   SUFFOLK            NY   NWS EMPLOYEE

            IMPASSABLE FLOODING ON FLOYD ROAD

&&

MET

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE UPTON NY
243 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0217 PM     MARINE TSTM WIND 4 NE BRIDGEHAMPTON      40.98N 72.25W
07/27/2008  M40 MPH          SUFFOLK            NY   OTHER FEDERAL

            35 KNOT WIND GUST AT AIRPORT IN EASTHAMPTON.

&&

JMC

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE UPTON NY
310 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1215 PM     HAIL             MELVILLE                40.78N 73.41W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       SUFFOLK            NY   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

0220 PM     HAIL             1 SE MASSAPEQUA         40.66N 73.46W
07/27/2008  E0.88 INCH       NASSAU             NY   NWS EMPLOYEE

0243 PM     HAIL             2 WNW HUGUENOT          40.56N 74.21W
07/27/2008  E1.00 INCH       RICHMOND           NY   TRAINED SPOTTER

            NICKEL TO QUARTER SIZED HAIL

&&

MET

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE UPTON NY
314 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

NYZ077-078-080-272015-
NASSAU-NORTHWEST SUFFOLK-SOUTHWEST SUFFOLK-
314 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT EASTERN NASSAU AND SUFFOLK
COUNTIES...

AT 313 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING
STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM OYSTER BAY TO
HICKSVILLE TO WANTAGH...OR ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM OYSTER BAY TO
LEVITTOWN TO FREEPORT...AND MOVING EAST AT 17 MPH.

THESE STORMS WILL BE...
  NEAR SYOSSET BY 320 PM.
  NEAR WOODBURY BY 325 PM.
  NEAR COLD SPRING HARBOR BY 330 PM.
  NEAR MELVILLE BY 335 PM.
  NEAR HUNTINGTON BY 340 PM.
  NEAR CENTERPORT BY 345 PM.

SMALL HAIL...WINDS UP TO 40 MPH...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN ARE EXPECTED
WITH THESE STORMS.

LIGHTNING IS ONE OF NATURES NUMBER ONE KILLERS. REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN
HEAR THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE STRUCK BY LIGHTNING. MOVE
TO SAFE SHELTER IMMEDIATELY.

DSW

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE UPTON NY
318 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0100 PM     FLASH FLOOD      OAKDALE                 40.74N 73.13W
07/27/2008                   SUFFOLK            NY   PUBLIC

            ROADS IMPASSABLE

0145 PM     FLASH FLOOD      RIVERHEAD               40.91N 72.63W
07/27/2008                   SUFFOLK            NY   NWS EMPLOYEE

            KROEMER RD AND ROUTE 58 CLOSED DUE TO FLOODING

&&

MET

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE UPTON NY
318 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

CTZ005-006-NYZ068-272015-
NORTHERN FAIRFIELD-NORTHERN NEW HAVEN-PUTNAM-
318 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT NORTHERN FAIRFIELD...NORTHWESTERN
NEW HAVEN AND PUTNAM COUNTIES...

AT 313 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING
STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM NEW PRESTON TO
SHERMAN TO LAKE CARMEL...OR ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM NEW MILFORD
TO SHERMAN TO LAKE CARMEL...AND MOVING EAST AT 19 MPH.

THESE STORMS WILL BE...
  NEAR SOUTHBURY BY 415 PM.

PEOPLE IN NORTHERN FAIRFIELD...NORTHWESTERN NEW HAVEN AND PUTNAM
COUNTIES...INCLUDING LAKE CARMEL...SHERMAN...CARMEL...SOUTHBURY...
WOLCOTT AND WATERBURY...SHOULD MONITOR THE WEATHER SITUATION CLOSELY.
LISTEN FOR POSSIBLE WARNINGS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE APPROPRIATE
ACTION SHOULD SEVERE WEATHER THREATEN.

SMALL HAIL...AND WINDS UP TO 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THESE STORMS.

LIGHTNING IS ONE OF NATURES NUMBER ONE KILLERS. REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN
HEAR THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE STRUCK BY LIGHTNING. MOVE
TO SAFE SHELTER IMMEDIATELY.

GOODMAN