Alert archive / Georgia / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2008

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 290, NWS Atlanta, GA

May 24, 2008Carroll County, Heard County, Georgia

NWS Atlanta, GA issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 24, 2008, 5:52 PM EDT for Carroll County, Heard County, Georgia. It was in force for 38 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: May 24, 2008, 5:52 PM EDT (21:52 UTC)
Expired: May 24, 2008, 6:30 PM EDT
In force: 38 min
Issued by: NWS Atlanta, GA
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Carroll County, GA, Heard County, GA

The radar

The Atlanta radar (KFFC), 54 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:54 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
May 24, 5:55 PM EDT	HAIL 0.75	5 Se Bowdon, GA

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Peachtre/Fal Fld, GA (KFFC), launched 12:00Z, 9.9 hours before the alert went out and 60 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 228 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -144 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 967 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 35 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 65 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 76 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.6

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS52 KFFC 242152
SVRFFC
GAC045-149-242230-
/O.NEW.KFFC.SV.W.0290.080524T2152Z-080524T2230Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
552 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PEACHTREE CITY HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  SOUTHWESTERN CARROLL COUNTY IN NORTHWEST GEORGIA
  HEARD COUNTY IN WEST CENTRAL GEORGIA

* UNTIL 630 PM EDT

* AT 550 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZED HAIL.  THIS
  STORM WAS LOCATED 6 MILES SOUTHEAST OF BOWDON...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT
  25 MPH.

* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO
  SIMPSON...WARESVILLE...FRANKLIN AND GLENN.

IN ADDITION TO LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS...FREQUENT CLOUD TO
GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. MOVE INDOORS
IMMEDIATELY LIGHTNING IS ONE OF NATURES NUMBER ONE KILLERS.
REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN HEAR THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE
STRUCK BY LIGHTNING.

IF YOU SEE WIND DAMAGE...LARGE HAIL OR SIGNIFICANT FLOODING...WAIT
UNTIL THE STORM HAS PASSED...AND THEN CALL THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE TOLL FREE AT 1 8 6 6 7 6 3 4 4 6 6.

LAT...LON 3338 8528 3343 8531 3359 8533 3359 8520
      3342 8506 3342 8500 3327 8493 3322 8494
      3318 8506 3319 8511 3316 8512 3313 8523
TIME...MOT...LOC 2152Z 334DEG 23KT 3345 8520

$$

2 follow-up statements

000 
WWUS52 KFFC 242217 RRA
SVSFFC

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
616 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

GAC045-242226-
/O.CAN.KFFC.SV.W.0290.000000T0000Z-080524T2230Z/
CARROLL GA-
616 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHWESTERN CARROLL COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...

THE THUNDERSTORM THAT PROMPTED THE WARNING EARLIER FOR SOUTHWEST 
CARROLL COUNTY HAS MOVED SOUTH INTO HEARD COUNTY.  SEVERE WEATHER IS 
NO LONGER EXPECTED AT THIS TIME WITHIN CARROLL COUNTY.

IF YOU SEE WIND DAMAGE...LARGE HAIL OR SIGNIFICANT FLOODING...WAIT 
UNTIL AFTER THE STORM HAS PASSED...AND THEN CALL THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE TOLL FREE AT 1 8 6 6 7 6 3 4 4 6 6.

LAT...LON 3338 8528 3342 8530 3342 8500 3328 8496
      3327 8493 3322 8494 3318 8506 3319 8511
      3316 8512 3313 8523
TIME...MOT...LOC 2216Z 334DEG 23KT 3331 8512

$$

GAC149-242230-
/O.CON.KFFC.SV.W.0290.000000T0000Z-080524T2230Z/
HEARD GA-
616 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 630 PM EDT
FOR HEARD COUNTY...

AT 615 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZED HAIL.
THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR FRANKLIN...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 25 MPH.

OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO
WARESVILLE...TEXAS...GLENN...COOKSVILLE AND CORINTH.

IN ADDITION TO LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS...FREQUENT CLOUD TO
GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. MOVE INDOORS
IMMEDIATELY LIGHTNING IS ONE OF NATURES NUMBER ONE KILLERS.
REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN HEAR THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE
STRUCK BY LIGHTNING.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EDT
SUNDAY MORNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN GEORGIA.

IF YOU SEE WIND DAMAGE...LARGE HAIL OR SIGNIFICANT FLOODING...WAIT
UNTIL AFTER THE STORM HAS PASSED...AND THEN CALL THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE TOLL FREE AT 1 8 6 6 7 6 3 4 4 6 6.

LAT...LON 3338 8528 3342 8530 3342 8500 3328 8496
      3327 8493 3322 8494 3318 8506 3319 8511
      3316 8512 3313 8523
TIME...MOT...LOC 2216Z 334DEG 23KT 3331 8512

$$


19

000 
WWUS52 KFFC 242232
SVSFFC

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
630 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

GAC149-242240-
/O.EXP.KFFC.SV.W.0290.000000T0000Z-080524T2230Z/
HEARD GA-
630 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR HEARD COUNTY EXPIRED AT 630 PM
EDT...

THE THUNDERSTORM THAT PROMPTED THE WARNING FOR HEARD COUNTY HAS 
WEAKENED AND IS NO LONGER EXPECTED TO BE SEVERE.

AT 628 PM EDT...A THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED NEAR TEXAS...MOVING SOUTH 
AT 30 MPH.

IF YOU SEE WIND DAMAGE...LARGE HAIL OR SIGNIFICANT FLOODING...WAIT 
UNTIL AFTER THE STORM HAS PASSED...AND THEN CALL THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE TOLL FREE AT 1 8 6 6 7 6 3 4 4 6 6.

LAT...LON 3338 8528 3342 8530 3342 8500 3328 8496
      3327 8493 3322 8494 3318 8506 3319 8511
      3316 8512 3313 8523
TIME...MOT...LOC 2217Z 335DEG 28KT 3329 8519

$$


19

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Atlanta, GA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 24, 3:01 PM EDT, 2 hours 51 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 24, 3:01 PM EDT, 2 hours 51 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
301 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

.SHORT TERM /TONIGHT THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT/...
CURRENT SATELLITE LOOP SHOWS CU DEVELOPING ACROSS MOST OF THE STATE
WITH THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY MOVING SOUTH THROUGH THE STATE. THERE IS
CURRENTLY A LUSTER OF STORMS DEVELOPING JUST EAST OF THE ATL AREA
RIGHT ALONG THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY. THESE STORMS/FRONT WILL CONTINUE
MOVING S AS A HIGH PRESSURE RIDGE BUILDS IN FROM THE GREAT LAKES
REGION. ONLY LOOKING FOR ISLOATED SEVERE STORMS THIS AFTERNOON AS
THE INSTABILITY INDICES ARE RATHER WEAK AND THE BEST DYNAMICS STAY E
OF THE STATE AS THINGS PROGRESS. BRIEF PERIODS OF HEAVY RAIN AND
SOME LIGHTNING WITH PEA TO NICKEL SIZE HAIL IS WHAT WE ARE EXPECTING
THROUGH THIS EVENING. ONCE THIS FRONT PUSHES S OF THE CWA THE
BUILDING HIGH PRESSURE RIDGE BEGINS TO DOMINATE THE WEATHER PATTERN
FOR THE REST OF THE SHORT TERM. THIS RIDGE BUILD SOUTH OUT OF THE
GREAT LAKES REGION TODAY AND CENTERS ITSELF OVER THE ENTIRE EASTERN
SEABOARD SUN. IT WEAKENS SOME MON AS IT MOVES OFF SHORE BUT IT KEEPS
GA PRECIP FREE THROUGH TUE. A SLIGHTLY COOLER AND DRIER AIRMASS
MOVES IN ACROSS THE STATE TONIGHT/SUN SO TEMPS SHOULD BE AROUND
SEASONAL NORMS THROUGH THE SHORT TERM.

.LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
THE HIGH PRESSURE RIDGE CONTINUES TO WEAKEN THROUGH TUE/WED AS
ANOTHER DEVELOPING COLD FRONT (WHICH STRETCHES FROM THE NEW ENGLAND
STATES TO THE UPPER MS RIVER VALLEY) BEGINS MOVING SOUTHWARD. THE
MODELS WANT TO SHOW THIS NEXT FRONT PUSHING INTO NW GA BY 12Z WED
BUT THEY ARE ALSO SHOWING THE MAIN ENERGY SOURCE MOVE NE INTO THE MID
ATLANTIC REGION ALONG THE FRONT. IF THIS HAPPENS WE MAY ONLY SEE
ISOLATED SHRA/TSRA DEVELOPMENT WITH LITTLE TO NO SEVERE ACTIVITY.
FOR NOW WILL CONTINUE WITH EARLIER THINKING AND LEAVE LOW CHANCE
POPS ACROSS THE ENTIRE AREA. THE FRONT IS EXPECTED TO BE SOUTH OF
THE CWA BY 12Z THU WITH ANOTHER LARGE HIGH PRESSURE RIDGE BUILDING
SE OUT OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS. TEMPS WILL BE SLIGHTLY ABOVE SEASONAL
NORMS TUE WITH A COOLER AND DRIER AIRMASS MOVING ACROSS THE REGION
WED/THU. ALL IN ALL LOOKS LIKE WE ARE IN A PATTERN OF FRONTAL SYSTEM
MOVING INTO OUR AREA EVERY 3-4 DAYS WITH STRONG RIDGES IN BETWEEN.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
ATHENS          58  83  59  85  60 /   0   0   0   0   0
ATLANTA         60  83  62  81  64 /   0   0   0   0   0
BLAIRSVILLE     52  81  54  80  56 /   0   0   0   5   5
CARTERSVILLE    55  85  58  82  59 /   0   0   0   5   5
COLUMBUS        66  88  66  87  65 /   0   0   0   0   0
GAINESVILLE     60  83  60  82  63 /   0   0   0   5   5
MACON           63  88  59  87  62 /   0   0   0   0   0
ROME            58  86  63  84  64 /   0   0   0   5   5
PEACHTREE CITY  58  84  59  82  59 /   0   0   0   0   0
VIDALIA         60  86  58  85  60 /  10   0   0   0   0

&&

.FFC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NONE.
&&

01

Hazardous weather outlook, May 24, 11:30 AM EDT, 6 hours 22 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1130 AM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

GAZ001>009-011>016-019>025-027-030>039-041>062-066>076-078>086-
089>098-102>113-251000-
BALDWIN-BANKS-BARROW-BARTOW-BIBB-BLECKLEY-BUTTS-CARROLL-CATOOSA-
CHATTAHOOCHEE-CHATTOOGA-CHEROKEE-CLARKE-CLAYTON-COBB-COWETA-
CRAWFORD-CRISP-DADE-DAWSON-DEKALB-DODGE-DOOLY-DOUGLAS-EMANUEL-
FANNIN-FAYETTE-FLOYD-FORSYTH-GILMER-GLASCOCK-GORDON-GREENE-
GWINNETT-HALL-HANCOCK-HARALSON-HARRIS-HEARD-HENRY-HOUSTON-JACKSON-
JASPER-JEFFERSON-JOHNSON-JONES-LAMAR-LAURENS-LUMPKIN-MACON-
MADISON-MARION-MERIWETHER-MONROE-MONTGOMERY-MORGAN-MURRAY-
MUSCOGEE-NEWTON-NORTH FULTON-OCONEE-OGLETHORPE-PAULDING-PEACH-
PICKENS-PIKE-POLK-PULASKI-PUTNAM-ROCKDALE-SCHLEY-SOUTH FULTON-
SPALDING-STEWART-SUMTER-TALBOT-TALIAFERRO-TAYLOR-TELFAIR-TOOMBS-
TOWNS-TREUTLEN-TROUP-TWIGGS-UNION-UPSON-WALKER-WALTON-WARREN-
WASHINGTON-WEBSTER-WHEELER-WHITE-WHITFIELD-WILCOX-WILKES-
WILKINSON-
1130 AM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH AND CENTRAL GEORGIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT
ISOLATED TO SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON AND
EVENING.

.SYNOPSIS...
A WEAK COLD FRONT WILL PUSH SOUTHWARD ACROSS NORTH AND CENTRAL
GEORGIA THROUGH THIS EVENING.

.PRIMARY HAZARDS...
THE PRIMARY HAZARD WITH ANY THUNDERSTORM WILL BE DANGEROUS CLOUD TO
GROUND LIGHTNING.

.DISCUSSION...
THE COMBINATION OF THE SURFACE FRONT AND DAYTIME HEATING WILL
PRODUCE ISOLATED TO SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS NORTH
AND CENTRAL GEORGIA THIS AFTERNOON. WITH CAPES INCREASING INTO THE
1000-2000 RANGE AND LIFTED INDICES FROM -1 TO -3...SOME OF THE
THUNDERSTORMS MAY BE STRONG BUT ARE EXPECTED TO REMAIN BELOW SEVERE
LIMITS AT THIS TIME.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY
THERE IS A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS NORTH AND CENTRAL GEORGIA
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY. OTHERWISE...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS
EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED THROUGH TONIGHT.

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 24, 4:41 PM EDT, 1 hour 11 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
441 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0430 PM     HAIL             SCOTTSBORO              33.02N 83.23W
05/24/2008  E0.88 INCH       BALDWIN            GA   PUBLIC

            PEA TO NICKEL SIZED HAIL NOT QUITE COVERING THE GROUND
            ALONG HIGHWAY 441.

&&

SBK

Local storm report, May 24, 5:07 PM EDT, 45 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
507 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0430 PM     HAIL             9 ESE SCOTTSBORO        32.97N 83.09W
05/24/2008  E1.00 INCH       BALDWIN            GA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            QUARTER SIZED HAIL AND DOWNED TREE LIMBS.

&&

SBK

Local storm report, May 24, 5:14 PM EDT, 38 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
514 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0445 PM     TSTM WND DMG     IRWINTON                32.81N 83.17W
05/24/2008                   WILKINSON          GA   COUNTY OFFICIAL

            NUMEROUS TREES AND POWERLINES DOWN COUNTYWIDE. WIDESPREAD
            POWER OUTAGES.

&&

SBK

Local storm report, May 24, 5:28 PM EDT, 24 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
528 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0510 PM     HAIL             DUBLIN                  32.54N 82.92W
05/24/2008  E1.00 INCH       LAURENS            GA   PUBLIC

            QUARTER SIZED HAIL AND LARGE TREE LIMBS DOWNED.

&&

SBK

Special weather statement, May 24, 5:33 PM EDT, 19 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
533 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

GAZ042-242215-
533 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT FOR PEA SIZED HAIL...WIND GUSTS TO 35
MPH...AND FREQUENT CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING IN CARROLL COUNTY UNTIL
615 PM EDT...

AT 529 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED
STRONG THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOPING BETWEEN JAKE AND TYUS...MOVING SOUTH
AT 30 MPH.

FREQUENT CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING CAN BE EXPECTED WITH THIS
ACTIVITY.  RESIDENTS IN THIS AREA SHOULD STAY INDOORS. ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCES AND TELEPHONES SHOULD NOT BE USED UNLESS IN AN EMERGENCY.

19

Local storm report, May 24, 5:43 PM EDT, 9 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
543 PM EDT SAT MAY 24 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0530 PM     TSTM WND DMG     DUBLIN                  32.54N 82.92W
05/24/2008                   LAURENS            GA   EMERGENCY MNGR

            PUBLICS WORKS BUILDING DAMAGED, RADIO ANTENNA BLOWN OVER,
            AND TRAFFIC LIGHTS DOWN IN DUBLIN. NUMEROUS TREES AND
            POWERLINES DOWN COUNTYWIDE.

&&

SBK

The office that day

Everything else NWS Atlanta, GA issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
May 24, 5:08 AM EDT	Dense Fog Advisory	FFC	Baldwin, Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Bibb, Bleckley and 90 more	5 hr
May 24, 2:27 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Barrow	33 min
May 24, 2:39 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Oconee, Walton	36 min
May 24, 3:23 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Morgan	28 min
May 24, 3:32 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Putnam	43 min
May 24, 3:55 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Baldwin	50 min
May 24, 4:25 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Washington, Wilkinson	50 min
May 24, 5:05 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Laurens	55 min
May 24, 5:45 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Dodge, Wheeler	45 min
May 24, 6:00 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Telfair	45 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Georgia, 2008 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2008

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.