Alert archive / Massachusetts / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2008

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 187, NWS Boston/Norton, MA

July 27, 20086 counties in Massachusetts; Cheshire County, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire; Capitol Planning Region, Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut

NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 27, 2008, 3:53 PM EDT for 6 counties in Massachusetts; Cheshire County, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire; Capitol Planning Region, Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut. It was in force for 37 min. 10 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Jul 27, 2008, 3:53 PM EDT (19:53 UTC)
Expired
Jul 27, 2008, 4:30 PM EDT
In force
37 min
Issued by
NWS Boston/Norton, MA
Area
Storm-based polygon

Counties Capitol Planning Region, CT, Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, CT, Essex County, MA, Franklin County, MA, Hampden County, MA, Hampshire County, MA, Middlesex County, MA, Worcester County, MA, Cheshire County, NH, Hillsborough County, NH

The radar

The Boston radar (KBOX), 82 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:52 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Jul 27, 3:53 PM EDTHAIL 0.88Windsor Locks, CTNICKEL SIZE HAIL AT THE WINDSOR LOCKS SUFFIELD LINE.
Jul 27, 3:58 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGWindsor Locks, CTTREES DOWN ON OAK STREET.
Jul 27, 3:59 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGNew Braintree, MATREES DOWN ACROSS RTE 9 W NEAR MASS STATE POLICE BARRACKS.
Jul 27, 4:04 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGAvon, CTTREE DOWN ACROSS HUCKLEBERRY ROAD.
Jul 27, 4:06 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGPetersham, MATREES DOWN AT THE INTERSECTION OF RTE 122 AND BARRE ROAD.
Jul 27, 4:10 PM EDTHAIL 0.75Athol, MAPENNY SIZE HAIL.
Jul 27, 4:15 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGTolland, CTWIRES DOWN IN THE AREA OF RTE 30.
Jul 27, 4:15 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGVernon, CTWIRES DOWN ON GROVE STREET.
Jul 27, 4:31 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGMerrimack, NHLARGE TREE DOWN ON HOUSE ON BERKLEY SREET AND ON CASTELTON COURT. TREE DOWN ON CAR BLOCKING REGAL DRIVE.
Jul 27, 4:40 PM EDTTSTM WND DMGCharlton, MATREE DOWN PARTIAL BLOCKING BREAKDOWN LANE OF MASSACHUSETTS TURNPIKE NEAR ROUTE 31.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 6 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 5 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Jul 27, 12:02 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC7 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Albany, NY (KALY), launched 12:00Z, 7.9 hours before the alert went out and 154 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Albany, NY at 12:00Z on 2008-07-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1001 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Albany, NY at 12:00Z on 2008-07-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 48 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1001 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-55 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
647 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
34 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
48 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
124 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
1.3

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS51 KBOX 271953
SVRBOX
CTC003-013-015-MAC009-011-013-015-017-027-NHC005-011-272030-
/O.NEW.KBOX.SV.W.0187.080727T1953Z-080727T2030Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
353 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TAUNTON HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  WORCESTER COUNTY IN CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...WORCESTER...LEOMINSTER...FITCHBURG...
  NORTHWESTERN ESSEX COUNTY IN EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS...
  NORTHWESTERN MIDDLESEX COUNTY IN EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS...
  HARTFORD COUNTY IN NORTHERN CONNECTICUT...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...WINDSOR LOCKS...WEST HARTFORD...
  NEWINGTON...NEW BRITAIN...MANCHESTER...HARTFORD...EAST HARTFORD...
  BRISTOL...
  TOLLAND COUNTY IN NORTHERN CONNECTICUT...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...VERNON...MANSFIELD...
  NORTHWESTERN WINDHAM COUNTY IN NORTHERN CONNECTICUT...
  EXTREME SOUTHEASTERN CHESHIRE COUNTY IN SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE...
  SOUTHEASTERN HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY IN SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITY OF NASHUA...
  SOUTHEASTERN FRANKLIN COUNTY IN WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS...
  EASTERN HAMPDEN COUNTY IN WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITY OF SPRINGFIELD...
  SOUTHEASTERN HAMPSHIRE COUNTY IN WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS...

* UNTIL 430 PM EDT

* AT 348 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  LINE OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZE
  HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THESE STORMS WERE
  LOCATED ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM MERRIMACK TO SHUTESBURY TO
  HARDWICK TO PALMER TO SOUTHWICK TO BRISTOL...OR ALONG A LINE
  EXTENDING FROM 7 MILES NORTH OF NASHUA TO 9 MILES NORTHEAST OF
  AMHERST TO 13 MILES EAST OF AMHERST TO 13 MILES NORTHEAST OF
  SPRINGFIELD TO 8 MILES NORTHWEST OF WINDSOR LOCKS TO
  BRISTOL...AND MOVING EAST AT 21 MPH. 

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE NEAR...
  LITCHFIELD...LONGMEADOW...EAST LONGMEADOW AND ASHBY BY 400 PM
  EDT...
  ASHBURNHAM...BROOKLINE...WARREN AND PHILLIPSTON BY 405 PM EDT...
  WEST BROOKFIELD AND TEMPLETON BY 410 PM EDT...

MANY OF THESE STORMS HAVE A HISTORY OF PRODUCING DESTRUCTIVE WINDS 
AND LARGE DAMAGING HAIL. GO INDOORS NOW...PREFERABLY INSIDE A STRONG 
BUILDING AND AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

THIS IS A DANGEROUS SITUATION GO INDOORS NOW...PREFERABLY INSIDE A 
STRONG BUILDING. STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 800 PM EDT SUNDAY
EVENING FOR NORTHERN CONNECTICUT AND WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS AND
SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE.

LAT...LON 4159 7249 4164 7252 4161 7282 4165 7299
      4205 7287 4221 7241 4237 7236 4249 7250
      4293 7156 4291 7143 4278 7134 4275 7123
      4282 7116 4285 7097 4242 7194 4229 7178
      4214 7183 4195 7219 4159 7234
TIME...MOT...LOC 1952Z 280DEG 18KT 4285 7152 4248 7240
          4235 7223 4220 7228 4200 7275 4167 7292

$$
DRAG

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Boston/Norton, MA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 27, 10:03 AM EDT, 5 hours 50 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 27, 10:03 AM EDT, 5 hours 50 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
1003 AM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

.SYNOPSIS...
A SLOW MOVING COLD FRONT WILL BRING SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
TO THE AREA TODAY AND MONDAY. WEAK HIGH PRESSURE WILL BRING DRY WEATHER
AND SEASONABLY WARM TEMPERATURES TUE...ALONG WITH LOWER HUMIDITY.
DRY WEATHER MAY LINGER INTO WEDNESDAY...BUT LOW PRES AND A COLD FRONT
WILL LIKELY BRING SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS TO THE REGION LATER
WEDNESDAY INTO THURSDAY.

&&

.NEAR TERM /UNTIL 2 PM THIS AFTERNOON/...
SHOWERS HAVE COME TO AN END FOR THE MOST PART. THERE ARE A FEW
LINGERING SHOWERS ALONG THE SOUTH COAST. THESE SHOULD CLEAR OUT OVER
THE NEXT COUPLE OF HOURS. THE QUESTION THAT REMAINS IS WHETHER WE
WILL GET ENOUGH SUN TO DESTABILIZE THE VERY STABLE ATMOSPHERE WE
CURRENTLY HAVE. IF CLOUDS REMAIN IN PLACE FOR VERY MUCH LONGER...THE
ONSET OF STORMS THIS AFTERNOON WILL BE PUSHED TO LATER IN THE
AFTERNOON. LATEST MESOSCALE SREF DATA FROM SPC INDICATES A VERY
STABLE ATMOSPHERE. WILL HAVE TO FOLLOW THESE TRENDS CLOSELY TO SEE
WHEN AND WHERE STORMS MAY FIRE.

HAVE UPDATED FORECAST BASED ON LATEST RADAR TRENDS.

&&

.SHORT TERM /2 PM THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH 6 AM MONDAY/...
A FEW FEATURES WILL COMBINE TODAY TO PRODUCE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
ACROSS OUR REGION. THE FAVORED RIGHT REAR QUADRANT OF AN UPPER LEVEL
JET WILL OVER SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND THIS AFTERNOON. AT THE SAME
TIME...A WEAK COLD FRONT AND A MID-LEVEL SHORTWAVE WILL MOVE ACROSS
THE AREA. WITH LIFTED INDEX DROPPING TO AROUND -5...AND SURFACE BASED CAPE
LIKELY BETWEEN 1000 AND 1200 J/KG...AT LEAST A FEW OF THESE STORMS
WILL HAVE ENOUGH INSTABILITY TO BECOME SEVERE. THE MAIN THREATS WILL
BE LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS.

WITH SWELLS CONTINUING TO DECREASE...EXPECTING A LOW RISK OF RIP
CURRENTS...THOUGH THE SOUTH FACING BEACHES MAY EXPERIENCE ISOLATED
MODERATE RIP CURRENTS.

A SLOW-MOVING COLD FRONT WILL PUSH ITS WAY ACROSS SOUTHERN NEW
ENGLAND TONIGHT. COULD SEE THUNDERSTORMS LINGER THROUGH THE OVERNIGHT
HOURS WITH 500 MB TEMPERATURES REMAINING BELOW -10C. EXPECTING BY
MIDNIGHT THE THREAT FOR WIDESPREAD SEVERE WILL HAVE PASSED...WITH
GENERAL THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUING INTO MONDAY MORNING. THIS WILL HAVE
TO BE MONITORED THOUGH.

&&

.LONG TERM /MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
AN UPPER LEVEL TROUGH PERSISTS ACROSS THE NORTHEAST THROUGH MUCH OF
THE EXTENDED TIME FRAME. THIS TROUGH BRIEFLY LIFTS NORTH TUE INTO WED
BEFORE DEEPENING AGAIN WED THROUGH SAT. MAIN CHALLENGE WILL BE THE
TIMING AND TRACK OF EACH SHORT WAVE APPROACHING NEW ENGLAND.

MONDAY...CYCLONIC FLOW CONTINUES WITH A STALLED COLD FRONT OVER THE
REGION. THE FRONT WILL PROVIDE THE FOCUS FOR MORE SCATTERED CONVECTION
TO DEVELOP...PARTICULARLY DURING THE MORNING THROUGH THE EARLY
AFTERNOON HOURS ACROSS SOUTHEASTERN NEW ENGLAND WHERE LOW LEVEL
MOISTURE IS DEEPEST AND SURFACE BASED CAPES WILL BE THE HIGHEST.
WILL  CONTINUE TO ADVERTISE CHANCE POPS SOUTH AND EAST OF INTERSTATE
95...WITH A SLIGHT CHANCE ELSEWHERE SOUTH OF THE PIKE AND EAST OF
INTERSTATE 495 TO INTERSTATE 95.

TUESDAY...BRIEF RIDGING EXPECTED IN THE LONG WAVE PATTERN ACROSS
SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND PRIOR TO AN APPROACHING NORTHERN PLAINS SHORT
WAVE. SEASONABLY WARM TEMPERATURES EXPECTED.

WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY...DID NOT SPEND A LOT OF TIME WITH RESPECT
TO THIS PORTION OF THE FORECAST GIVEN UNCERTAINTY AMONGST THE LONG
RANGE MODELS AS WELL AS CURRENT CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY WHICH NEEDED TO
BE MONITORED ACROSS THE REGION. NEXT SHORT WAVE IS EXPECTED TO
APPROACH FROM THE NORTHERN PLAINS STATES AND THERE ARE SOME TIMING
DIFFERENCES. OVERALL RELIED ON A BLEND OF HPC...GFS MOS AND PREVIOUS
OFFICIAL FORECAST GRIDS. THIS BRINGS CHANCE OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
LATE WEDNESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY...WITH A BRIEF RESPITE POSSIBLE BY
SATURDAY. CONFIDENCE NOT HIGH REGARDING THE DETAILS AT THIS TIME.

&&

.AVIATION /14Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/...
SUNDAY...VFR TO START ACROSS MOST OF SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND. SCATTERED
MVFR IN SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS THIS MORNING. VFR CONDITIONS
DECREASING DECREASING TO MVFR FROM WEST TO EAST THIS AFTERNOON AS
MORE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOP. SOME LOCATIONS MAY DROP TO
IFR CONDITIONS IN THESE STORMS.

TONIGHT...MVFR CONDITIONS WILL IMPROVE TO VFR OVERNIGHT...EXCEPT
PERHAPS THE EASTERNMOST TERMINALS WHERE SHOWERS MAY CONTINUE FOR A
FEW HOURS. EVERYONE SHOULD BE BACK TO VFR BY DAYBREAK MONDAY.

OUTLOOK...MONDAY THROUGH THURSDAY...

MONDAY...VFR WITH ISOLATED MVFR IN SCATTERED TSTMS.

TUESDAY...VFR.

WED...VFR TO START WITH MVFR POSSIBLE LATE IN THE DAY...ESPECIALLY
WED NIGHT.

THU...MVFR LIKELY WITH A LOW RISK OF IFR CONDITIONS IN WIDESPREAD
SHOWERS.

&&

.MARINE...
LIGHT WINDS ARE EXPECTED TODAY...AND WILL PREVENT SEAS FROM BUILDING
BACK TO ABOVE 5 FEET. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS MAY REACH THE COASTAL
WATERS LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING. OTHERWISE FAIRLY QUIET
OUT ON THE WATERS THROUGH MONDAY MORNING.

OUTLOOK...MONDAY THROUGH THURSDAY...

MONDAY...WIND AND WAVES NOT AN ISSUE. SCATTERED TSTMS MAIN CONCERN.

TUESDAY...FINE BOATING WEATHER WITH COLD FRONT WELL OFFSHORE.

WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY...LOW PRES AND A COLD FRONT WILL CROSS THE
WATERS. SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE.

&&

.BOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CT...NONE.
MA...NONE.
NH...NONE.
RI...NONE.
MARINE...NONE.

&&

SYNOPSIS...STRAUSS
NEAR TERM...RLG
SHORT TERM...BELK
LONG TERM...STRAUSS
AVIATION...BELK/STRAUSS
MARINE...BELK/STRAUSS
Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 27, 5:32 AM EDT, 10 hours 21 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
532 AM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

CTZ002>004-MAZ002>024-026-NHZ011-012-015-RIZ001>008-280945-
HARTFORD CT-TOLLAND CT-WINDHAM CT-WESTERN FRANKLIN MA-
EASTERN FRANKLIN MA-NORTHERN WORCESTER MA-CENTRAL MIDDLESEX MA-
WESTERN ESSEX MA-EASTERN ESSEX MA-WESTERN HAMPSHIRE MA-
WESTERN HAMPDEN MA-EASTERN HAMPSHIRE MA-EASTERN HAMPDEN MA-
SOUTHERN WORCESTER MA-WESTERN NORFOLK MA-SOUTHEAST MIDDLESEX MA-
SUFFOLK MA-EASTERN NORFOLK MA-NORTHERN BRISTOL MA-
WESTERN PLYMOUTH MA-EASTERN PLYMOUTH MA-SOUTHERN BRISTOL MA-
SOUTHERN PLYMOUTH MA-BARNSTABLE MA-DUKES MA-NANTUCKET MA-
NORTHERN MIDDLESEX MA-CHESHIRE NH-EASTERN HILLSBOROUGH NH-
WESTERN AND CENTRAL HILLSBOROUGH NH-NORTHWEST PROVIDENCE RI-
SOUTHEAST PROVIDENCE RI-WESTERN KENT RI-EASTERN KENT RI-BRISTOL RI-
WASHINGTON RI-NEWPORT RI-BLOCK ISLAND RI-
532 AM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHERN
CONNECTICUT...CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS...EASTERN
MASSACHUSETTS...NORTHEASTERN MASSACHUSETTS...SOUTHEASTERN
MASSACHUSETTS...WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS...SOUTHERN NEW
HAMPSHIRE...NORTHERN RHODE ISLAND AND SOUTHERN RHODE ISLAND.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY THIS MORNING AND AGAIN
THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THE EVENING. A FEW STORMS MAY BE SEVERE WITH
STRONG WINDS AND HAIL.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY

SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE MONDAY...MAINLY SE NEW ENGLAND.
SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS MAY BE POSSIBLE WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH
WEDNESDAY NIGHT.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NECESSARY THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

ANZ230>237-250-254-255-280945-
BOSTON HARBOR-CAPE COD BAY-NANTUCKET SOUND-VINEYARD SOUND-
BUZZARDS BAY-RHODE ISLAND SOUND-NARRAGANSETT BAY-BLOCK ISLAND SOUND-
COASTAL WATERS FROM MERRIMACK RIVER MA OUT 25 NM TO PLYMOUTH MA OUT
40 NM...INCLUDING THE STELLWAGEN BANK NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY-
COASTAL WATERS FROM PROVINCETOWN MA TO CHATHAM MA TO NANTUCKET MA
OUT 20 NM-
COASTAL WATERS FROM MONTAUK NY TO BLOCK ISLAND RI TO MARTHAS
VINEYARD MA TO NANTUCKET MA SOUTHEAST TO 20 NM-
532 AM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR MASSACHUSETTS COASTAL WATERS
AND RHODE ISLAND COASTAL WATERS.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY THIS MORNING AND
AGAIN THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THE EVENING. A FEW STORMS MAY BE SEVERE
WITH STRONG WINDS AND HAIL.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY

SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE MONDAY. SCATTERED
THUNDERSTORMS MAY BE POSSIBLE WEDNESDAY NIGHT.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NECESSARY THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 27, 1:55 PM EDT, 1 hour 58 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
155 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0125 PM     HAIL             HAWLEY                  42.57N 72.88W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            0.75 INCH HAIL

0138 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON DOUG COUNTRY TRAIL RD.

0142 PM     LIGHTNING        CHARLESTOWN             41.38N 71.65W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE STRUCK BY LIGHTNING ON RTE 9/OLD ALTON RD.

0147 PM     LIGHTNING        SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES STRUCK BY LIGHTING AND LANDED ON HOUSE ON PINE MILL
            RD.

0147 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON PINE HILL AND WOODBINE ROADS.

&&

FNOCERA
Special weather statement, Jul 27, 1:56 PM EDT, 1 hour 57 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
156 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

MAZ020-023-RIZ006-007-271830-
DUKES MA-NEWPORT RI-SOUTHERN BRISTOL MA-WASHINGTON RI-
156 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

AT 152 PM EDT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
PAIR OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE WIND
GUSTS TO 50 MPH AND SMALL HAIL ABOUT 3 MILES SOUTHWEST OF
JAMESTOWN...OR ABOUT 5 MILES SOUTHWEST OF NEWPORT...MOVING EAST AT
28 MPH.

THE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE NEAR  RURAL SOUTHERN NEWPORT COUNTY AT 210
PM EDT AND RURAL SOUTHEASTERN NEWPORT COUNTY AT 220 PM EDT.

THERE WAS WIND AND LIGHTNING CAUSED DAMAGE WITH THESE THUNDERSTORMS
IN SOUTH KINGSTOWN RI A LITTLE WHILE AGO...AS WELL AS SMALL HAIL.

FOR YOUR SAFETY...GET INSIDE WHEN THIS STORM APPROACHES. HEAVY RAIN
WILL CAUSE MINOR STREET FLOODING AS WELL AS PONDING OF WATER IN POOR
DRAINAGE AREAS.

HEAVY RAIN MAY CAUSE MINOR STREET FLOODING AND PONDING OF WATER IN
LOW LYING AREAS SUCH AS UNDERPASSES. DO NOT DRIVE THROUGH FLOODED
AREAS.

THIS STORM IS PRODUCING FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING. GET
INDOORS OR INSIDE A VEHICLE NOW IF YOU ARE CAUGHT OUTSIDE...STAY
AWAY FROM ISOLATED TALL OBJECTS SUCH AS TREES. AVOID OPEN AREAS SUCH
AS GOLF COURSES OR BALL FIELDS.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 800 PM EDT SUNDAY
EVENING FOR NORTHERN CONNECTICUT AND WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS AND
SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE.

DRAG
Special weather statement, Jul 27, 2:01 PM EDT, 1 hour 52 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
201 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

MAZ002>004-008>010-NHZ011-271900-
CHESHIRE NH-EASTERN FRANKLIN MA-EASTERN HAMPSHIRE MA-NORTHERN
WORCESTER MA-WESTERN FRANKLIN MA-WESTERN HAMPDEN MA-WESTERN HAMPSHIRE
MA-
201 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

AT 156 PM EDT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A LINE
OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE WIND GUSTS TO
50 MPH AND SMALL HAIL ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 3 MILES SOUTHWEST
OF HINSDALE TO 3 MILES SOUTHEAST OF GILL TO 24 MILES SOUTHWEST OF
MIDDLEFIELD...OR ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 8 MILES SOUTH OF
BRATTLEBORO TO 8 MILES EAST OF GREENFIELD TO 5 MILES WEST OF GREAT
BARRINGTON...MOVING EAST AT 8 MPH.

THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE NEAR...HINSDALE AND WORTHINGTON BY 210 PM
EDT...NORTHFIELD AND MIDDLEFIELD BY 230 PM EDT...MONTAGUE AND
CHESTERFIELD BY 240 PM EDT...WINCHESTER BY 250 PM EDT...ORANGE AND
WENDELL BY 300 PM EDT.

THE SLOW MOVEMENT OF THESE STORMS INDICATES EXCEESIVE SHORT DURATION
RAINS.

FOR YOUR SAFETY...GET INSIDE WHEN THIS STORM APPROACHES. HEAVY RAIN
MAY CAUSE MINOR STREET FLOODING AS WELL AS PONDING OF WATER IN POOR
DRAINAGE AREAS.

HEAVY RAIN MAY CAUSE MINOR STREET FLOODING AND PONDING OF WATER IN
LOW LYING AREAS SUCH AS UNDERPASSES. DO NOT DRIVE THROUGH FLOODED
AREAS.

THIS STORM IS PRODUCING FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING. GET
INDOORS OR INSIDE A VEHICLE NOW IF YOU ARE CAUGHT OUTSIDE...STAY
AWAY FROM ISOLATED TALL OBJECTS SUCH AS TREES. AVOID OPEN AREAS SUCH
AS GOLF COURSES OR BALL FIELDS.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 800 PM EDT SUNDAY
EVENING FOR NORTHERN CONNECTICUT AND WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS AND
SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE.

DRAG
Local storm report, Jul 27, 2:44 PM EDT, 1 hour 9 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
244 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0340 AM     HAIL             SPRINGFIELD             42.12N 72.54W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

0341 AM     LIGHTNING        HOLYOKE                 42.21N 72.64W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE FIRE FROM LIGHTNING AT THE INTERSECTION OF CABOT
            AND APPLETON.

0348 AM     LIGHTNING        GRANBY                  41.95N 72.78W
07/27/2008                   HARTFORD           CT   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE FIRE DUE TO LIGHTNING.

0125 PM     HAIL             HAWLEY                  42.57N 72.88W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            0.75 INCH HAIL

0138 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON DOUG COUNTRY TRAIL RD.

0140 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES DOWN ON HIGH STREET.

0142 PM     LIGHTNING        CHARLESTOWN             41.38N 71.65W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE STRUCK BY LIGHTNING ON RTE 9/OLD ALTON RD.

0147 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON PINE HILL AND WOODBINE ROADS.

0147 PM     LIGHTNING        SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES STRUCK BY LIGHTING AND LANDED ON HOUSE ON PINE MILL
            RD.

0150 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SHELBURNE               42.58N 72.68W
07/27/2008                   FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES DOWN.

0159 PM     FLOOD            NARRAGANSETT            41.43N 71.47W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            CAR UP TO ITS DOORS IN WATER ON WOODRUFF AVENUE.
            ADDITIONAL STREETS FLOODED OUT.

0205 PM     TSTM WND DMG     GILL                    42.65N 72.50W
07/27/2008                   FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            WIRES DOWN ON GREEN HILL ROAD.

0210 PM     TSTM WND DMG     GILL                    42.65N 72.50W
07/27/2008                   FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            ADDITIONAL TREES AND WIRES DOWN.

0219 PM     TSTM WND DMG     ROYALSTON               42.68N 72.18W
07/27/2008                   WORCESTER          MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            RTE 32...TREES DOWN BLOCKING ROAD.

0236 PM     HAIL             BLANDFORD               42.18N 72.93W
07/27/2008  E1.00 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL.

&&

KAB
Local storm report, Jul 27, 3:05 PM EDT, 48 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
305 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0340 AM     HAIL             SPRINGFIELD             42.12N 72.54W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

0341 AM     LIGHTNING        HOLYOKE                 42.21N 72.64W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE FIRE FROM LIGHTNING AT THE INTERSECTION OF CABOT
            AND APPLETON.

0348 AM     LIGHTNING        GRANBY                  41.95N 72.78W
07/27/2008                   HARTFORD           CT   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE FIRE DUE TO LIGHTNING.

0125 PM     HAIL             HAWLEY                  42.57N 72.88W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            0.75 INCH HAIL

0138 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON DOUG COUNTRY TRAIL RD.

0140 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES DOWN ON HIGH STREET.

0142 PM     LIGHTNING        CHARLESTOWN             41.38N 71.65W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE STRUCK BY LIGHTNING ON RTE 9/OLD ALTON RD.

0147 PM     LIGHTNING        SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES STRUCK BY LIGHTING AND LANDED ON HOUSE ON PINE MILL
            RD.

0147 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON PINE HILL AND WOODBINE ROADS.

0150 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SHELBURNE               42.58N 72.68W
07/27/2008                   FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES DOWN.

0159 PM     FLOOD            NARRAGANSETT            41.43N 71.47W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            CAR UP TO ITS DOORS IN WATER ON WOODRUFF AVENUE.
            ADDITIONAL STREETS FLOODED OUT.

0205 PM     TSTM WND DMG     GILL                    42.65N 72.50W
07/27/2008                   FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            WIRES DOWN ON GREEN HILL ROAD.

0210 PM     TSTM WND DMG     GILL                    42.65N 72.50W
07/27/2008                   FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            ADDITIONAL TREES AND WIRES DOWN.

0219 PM     TSTM WND DMG     ROYALSTON               42.68N 72.18W
07/27/2008                   WORCESTER          MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            RTE 32...TREES DOWN BLOCKING ROAD.

0236 PM     HAIL             BLANDFORD               42.18N 72.93W
07/27/2008  E1.00 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL.

0244 PM     HAIL             BLANDFORD               42.18N 72.93W
07/27/2008  E1.00 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL.

0245 PM     TSTM WND DMG     BLANDFORD               42.18N 72.93W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON NORTH BLANDFORD ROAD.

0255 PM     HAIL             CHESTER                 42.28N 72.98W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            PENNY SIZE HAIL LASTING 5 MINUTES.

&&

KAB
Local storm report, Jul 27, 3:52 PM EDT, 1 minute before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TAUNTON MA
352 PM EDT SUN JUL 27 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0340 AM     HAIL             SPRINGFIELD             42.12N 72.54W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

0341 AM     LIGHTNING        HOLYOKE                 42.21N 72.64W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE FIRE FROM LIGHTNING AT THE INTERSECTION OF CABOT
            AND APPLETON.

0348 AM     LIGHTNING        GRANBY                  41.95N 72.78W
07/27/2008                   HARTFORD           CT   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE FIRE DUE TO LIGHTNING.

0125 PM     HAIL             HAWLEY                  42.57N 72.88W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            0.75 INCH HAIL

0138 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON DOUG COUNTRY TRAIL RD.

0140 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES DOWN ON HIGH STREET.

0142 PM     LIGHTNING        CHARLESTOWN             41.38N 71.65W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            HOUSE STRUCK BY LIGHTNING ON RTE 9/OLD ALTON RD.

0147 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON PINE HILL AND WOODBINE ROADS.

0147 PM     LIGHTNING        SOUTH KINGSTOWN         41.43N 71.55W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES STRUCK BY LIGHTING AND LANDED ON HOUSE ON PINE MILL
            RD.

0150 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SHELBURNE               42.58N 72.68W
07/27/2008                   FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES DOWN.

0159 PM     FLOOD            NARRAGANSETT            41.43N 71.47W
07/27/2008                   WASHINGTON         RI   AMATEUR RADIO

            CAR UP TO ITS DOORS IN WATER ON WOODRUFF AVENUE.
            ADDITIONAL STREETS FLOODED OUT.

0205 PM     TSTM WND DMG     GILL                    42.65N 72.50W
07/27/2008                   FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            WIRES DOWN ON GREEN HILL ROAD.

0210 PM     TSTM WND DMG     GILL                    42.65N 72.50W
07/27/2008                   FRANKLIN           MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            ADDITIONAL TREES AND WIRES DOWN.

0219 PM     TSTM WND DMG     ROYALSTON               42.68N 72.18W
07/27/2008                   WORCESTER          MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            RTE 32...TREES DOWN BLOCKING ROAD.

0236 PM     HAIL             BLANDFORD               42.18N 72.93W
07/27/2008  E1.00 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL.

0244 PM     HAIL             BLANDFORD               42.18N 72.93W
07/27/2008  E1.00 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL.

0245 PM     TSTM WND DMG     BLANDFORD               42.18N 72.93W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN ON NORTH BLANDFORD ROAD.

0250 PM     TSTM WND DMG     HUNTINGTON              42.23N 72.88W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            TREES DOWN ON MOUNTAIN VIEW DRIVE LANDING ON A CAR. TREES
            ALSO DOWN ON RTE 20.

0253 PM     TSTM WND DMG     MONTGOMERY              42.20N 72.80W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES AND WIRES DOWN WITH POWER OUTAGES.

0255 PM     HAIL             CHESTER                 42.28N 72.98W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            PENNY SIZE HAIL.

0255 PM     HAIL             CHESTER                 42.28N 72.98W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            PENNY SIZE HAIL LASTING 5 MINUTES.

0258 PM     TSTM WND DMG     HUNTINGTON              42.23N 72.88W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            SEVERAL LARGE TREES DOWN IN AREA OF RTE 66.

0307 PM     TSTM WND DMG     WESTFIELD               42.14N 72.76W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREES DOWN ON LOCKHOUSE ROAD AND NORTH ROAD.

0308 PM     TSTM WND DMG     EASTHAMPTON             42.27N 72.68W
07/27/2008                   HAMPSHIRE          MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            30 FOOT TALL TREE DOWN. POWER OUTAGES.

0312 PM     TSTM WND DMG     WESTFIELD               42.14N 72.76W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            ADDITIONAL TREES DOWN ON NORTH ROAD. TREES AND WIRES DOWN
            ON UNION AVENUE.

0315 PM     HAIL             EASTHAMPTON             42.27N 72.68W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       HAMPSHIRE          MA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            DIME SIZE HAIL.

0318 PM     TSTM WND DMG     HOLYOKE                 42.21N 72.64W
07/27/2008                   HAMPDEN            MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            MULTIPLE TREES DOWN.

0320 PM     TSTM WND DMG     EASTHAMPTON             42.27N 72.68W
07/27/2008                   HAMPSHIRE          MA   AMATEUR RADIO

            NUMEROUS TREES DOWN IN NORTHEAST SECTION WITH POWER
            OUTAGES.

0330 PM     HAIL             SUNDERLAND              42.47N 72.58W
07/27/2008  E0.75 INCH       FRANKLIN           MA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            PENNY SIZE HAIL AROUND THE PLAINS AREA.

&&

KAB

The office that day

Everything else NWS Boston/Norton, MA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jul 27, 3:23 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBOXHampden52 min
Jul 27, 12:35 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX25 min
Jul 27, 1:30 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX45 min
Jul 27, 1:54 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX36 min
Jul 27, 2:06 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBOXFranklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Worcester39 min
Jul 27, 2:23 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryBOXFranklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Worcester3 hr
Jul 27, 2:37 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBOXFranklin, Hampden, Hampshire23 min
Jul 27, 2:48 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX27 min
Jul 27, 2:54 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBOXFranklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Worcester21 min
Jul 27, 3:03 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX27 min
Jul 27, 3:12 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBOXFranklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Worcester48 min
Jul 27, 3:18 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX27 min
Jul 27, 3:32 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX28 min
Jul 27, 3:45 PM EDTAreal Flood AdvisoryBOXEssex, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Worcester3 hr
Jul 27, 4:00 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX45 min
Jul 27, 4:15 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBOXBarnstable, Bristol, Dukes30 min
Jul 27, 4:22 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX53 min
Jul 27, 4:30 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBOXEssex, Hampden, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Worcester60 min
Jul 27, 5:14 PM EDTSpecial Marine WarningBOX61 min
Jul 27, 5:25 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBOXBristol, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, Suffolk and 1 more50 min
Jul 27, 4:33 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBOXCapitol Planning Region27 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Massachusetts, 2008Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Connecticut, 2008Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in New Hampshire, 2008Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2008

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.