Alert archive / Texas / Red Flag Warnings in 2007
Red Flag Warning 17, NWS Midland/Odessa, TX
NWS Midland/Odessa, TX issued this red flag warning at Apr 23, 2007, 3:42 PM CDT for 18 counties in Texas. It took effect at Apr 24, 2007, 10:00 AM CDT. It was in force for 12 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Apr 23, 2007, 3:42 PM CDT (20:42 UTC)
- In effect from
- Apr 24, 2007, 10:00 AM CDT
- Expired
- Apr 24, 2007, 10:00 PM CDT
- In force
- 12 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Midland/Odessa, TX
Counties Andrews County, TX, Borden County, TX, Crane County, TX, Dawson County, TX, Ector County, TX, Gaines County, TX, Glasscock County, TX, Howard County, TX, Loving County, TX, Martin County, TX, Midland County, TX, Mitchell County, TX, Pecos County, TX, Reagan County, TX, Scurry County, TX, Upton County, TX, Ward County, TX, Winkler County, TX
The radar
The Midland/Odessa radar (KMAF), 8 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:40 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Midland Regional, TX (KMAF), launched 12:00Z, 8.7 hours before the alert went out and 8 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 820 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -206 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1281 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 49 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 196 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 198 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 3.7
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 WWUS84 KMAF 232042 RFWMAF RED FLAG WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MIDLAND/ODESSA TX 342 PM CDT MON APR 23 2007 ...A RED FLAG WARNING IS IN EFFECT THIS MORNING THROUGH EVENING FOR THE GUADALUPE AND DAVIS MOUNTAINS...THE SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO PLAINS...THE MARFA PLATEAU AND THE PRESIDIO VALLEY FOR 20 FOOT WINDS OVER 20 MPH...RELATIVE HUMIDITIES LESS THAN 15 PERCENT...AND HIGH FIRE DANGER... ...A RED FLAG WARNING IS IN EFFECT TUESDAY FOR MUCH OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO FOR 20 FOOT WINDS OVER 20 MPH... RELATIVE HUMIDITIES LESS THAN 15 PERCENT...AND HIGH FIRE DANGER... ...THE FIRE WEATHER WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. .A STRONG UPPER LEVEL STORM SYSTEM WILL MOVE OVER THE CENTRAL ROCKIES TONIGHT AND TUESDAY...BRINGING WITH IT VERY STRONG WINDS TO THE MOUNTAINS OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO TONIGHT. A DEEPENING SURFACE LOW OVER THE CENTRAL PLAINS STATES TONIGHT AND TOMORROW WILL INCREASE WINDS OVER THE REMAINDER OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO. WARM AND VERY DRY AIR WILL REMAIN IN PLACE OVER THE MOUNTAINS AND ADJACENT PLAINS OVERNIGHT...WITH DRY CONDITIONS SPREADING EAST ACROSS THE REMAINDER OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO. THE DRY AIRMASS AND STRONG WINDS...ALONG WITH DRY FUELS...WILL RESULT IN CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS THROUGH TUESDAY. TXZ082-232145- /O.CAN.KMAF.FW.A.0013.070424T1500Z-070425T0300Z/ TERRELL- 342 PM CDT MON APR 23 2007 ...FIRE WEATHER WATCH IS CANCELLED... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MIDLAND/ODESSA HAS CANCELLED THE FIRE WEATHER WATCH. RELATIVE HUMIDITY VALUES ACROSS TERRELL COUNTY WILL REMAIN ABOVE 15 PERCENT TUESDAY. AS A RESULT...THE FIRE WEATHER WATCH HAS BEEN CANCELLED. $$ NMZ114-115-TXZ057-058-074-079-080-258-241500- /O.UPG.KMAF.FW.A.0013.070424T1500Z-070425T0300Z/ /O.NEW.KMAF.FW.W.0017.070424T1500Z-070425T0300Z/ /O.CON.KMAF.FW.W.0016.000000T0000Z-070424T0300Z/ GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS NP/LINCOLN NF/LNZ- SOUTHEAST PLAINS/BLM ROSWELL/LNZ-VAN HORN AND HIGHWAY 54 CORRIDOR- REEVES COUNTY AND UPPER TRANS PECOS-DAVIS/APACHE MOUNTAINS AREA- PRESIDIO VALLEY-MARFA PLATEAU-GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS- 342 PM CDT MON APR 23 2007 /242 PM MDT MON APR 23 2007/ ...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM CDT /9 PM MDT/ THIS EVENING... ...RED FLAG WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM CDT /9 AM MDT/ TO 10 PM CDT /9 PM MDT/ TUESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MIDLAND/ODESSA HAS ISSUED A RED FLAG WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM CDT /9 AM MDT/ TO 10 PM CDT /9 PM MDT/ TUESDAY. THE FIRE WEATHER WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. A RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM CDT /9 PM MDT/ THIS EVENING. VERY DRY AND WINDY CONDITIONS ARE FORECAST TO CONTINUE THROUGH TUESDAY OVER THE SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICAN PLAINS SOUTH ACROSS THE UPPER TRANS PECOS...DAVIS MOUNTAINS...AND MARFA PLATEAU AREAS OF WEST TEXAS. WEST TO SOUTHWEST WINDS OF 20 TO 30 MPH...MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITIES NEAR 10 PERCENT...AND HIGH FIRE DANGER WILL FAVOR RAPID FIRE GROWTH AND SPREAD. DO NOT THROW CIGARETTES ONTO THE GROUND OR OUT OF A MOVING VEHICLE. KEEP VEHICLES ON DRIVING SURFACES...AND DO NOT DRIVE THROUGH TALL GRASS. AVOID ACTIVITIES THAT MAY PRODUCE OUTDOOR FLAMES OR SPARKS. ACCIDENTAL IGNITIONS WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO EXPLOSIVELY GROW INTO DANGEROUS WIND-DRIVEN WILDFIRES. $$ TXZ045>048-050>053-059>063-067>070-075-081-241500- /O.UPG.KMAF.FW.A.0013.070424T1500Z-070425T0300Z/ /O.NEW.KMAF.FW.W.0017.070424T1500Z-070425T0300Z/ GAINES-DAWSON-BORDEN-SCURRY-ANDREWS-MARTIN-HOWARD-MITCHELL-LOVING- WINKLER-ECTOR-MIDLAND-GLASSCOCK-WARD-CRANE-UPTON-REAGAN-PECOS- BIG BEND AREA- 342 PM CDT MON APR 23 2007 ...RED FLAG WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM TO 10 PM CDT TUESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MIDLAND/ODESSA HAS ISSUED A RED FLAG WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM TO 10 PM CDT TUESDAY. THE FIRE WEATHER WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. DRY AND WINDY CONDITIONS ARE FORECAST TO SPREAD ACROSS MUCH OF WEST TEXAS TUESDAY. BY TUESDAY AFTERNOON...WEST TO SOUTHWEST WINDS OF 20 TO 30 MPH...MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITIES OF 10 TO 15 PERCENT...AND HIGH FIRE DANGER WILL FAVOR RAPID FIRE GROWTH AND SPREAD. DO NOT THROW CIGARETTES ONTO THE GROUND OR OUT OF A MOVING VEHICLE. KEEP VEHICLES ON DRIVING SURFACES...AND DO NOT DRIVE THROUGH TALL GRASS. AVOID ACTIVITIES THAT MAY PRODUCE OUTDOOR FLAMES OR SPARKS. ACCIDENTAL IGNITIONS WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO EXPLOSIVELY GROW INTO DANGEROUS WIND-DRIVEN WILDFIRES. $$
2 follow-up statements
000 WWUS84 KMAF 240939 RFWMAF RED FLAG WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MIDLAND/ODESSA TX 439 AM CDT TUE APR 24 2007 ...A RED FLAG WARNING IS IN EFFECT THIS MORNING THROUGH THIS EVENING FOR SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO AND MOST OF WEST TEXAS FOR 20 FOOT WINDS OVER 20 MPH...RELATIVE HUMIDITIES LESS THAN 15 PERCENT... AND HIGH FIRE DANGER... .A STRONG UPPER LEVEL STORM SYSTEM WILL MOVE OVER THE CENTRAL ROCKIES TODAY... BRINGING WITH IT VERY STRONG WINDS TO THE MOUNTAINS OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO. A DEEPENING SURFACE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM OVER THE TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA PANHANDLES WILL INCREASE WINDS OVER THE REMAINDER OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO. WARM AND VERY DRY AIR WILL SPREAD EAST ACROSS ALL OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO TODAY. THE DRY AIRMASS AND STRONG WINDS... ALONG WITH DRY FUELS AND HIGH FIRE DANGER... WILL RESULT IN CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS TODAY. NMZ114-115-TXZ045>048-050>053-057>063-067>070-074-075-079>081-258- 242100- /O.CON.KMAF.FW.W.0017.070424T1500Z-070425T0300Z/ GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS NP/LINCOLN NF/LNZ- SOUTHEAST PLAINS/BLM ROSWELL/LNZ-GAINES-DAWSON-BORDEN-SCURRY- ANDREWS-MARTIN-HOWARD-MITCHELL-VAN HORN AND HIGHWAY 54 CORRIDOR- REEVES COUNTY AND UPPER TRANS PECOS-LOVING-WINKLER-ECTOR-MIDLAND- GLASSCOCK-WARD-CRANE-UPTON-REAGAN-DAVIS/APACHE MOUNTAINS AREA- PECOS-PRESIDIO VALLEY-MARFA PLATEAU-BIG BEND AREA- GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS- 439 AM CDT TUE APR 24 2007 /339 AM MDT TUE APR 24 2007/ ...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM CDT /9 AM MDT/ THIS MORNING TO 10 PM CDT /9 PM MDT/ THIS EVENING... A RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM CDT /9 AM MDT/ THIS MORNING TO 10 PM CDT /9 PM MDT/ THIS EVENING. DRY AND WINDY CONDITIONS WILL SPREAD ACROSS SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO AND MOST OF WEST TEXAS TODAY. BY THIS AFTERNOON... WEST TO SOUTHWEST WINDS OF 20 TO 30 MPH... MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITIES OF 10 TO 15 PERCENT... AND HIGH FIRE DANGER WILL FAVOR RAPID FIRE GROWTH AND SPREAD. DO NOT THROW CIGARETTES ONTO THE GROUND OR OUT OF A MOVING VEHICLE. KEEP VEHICLES ON DRIVING SURFACES... AND DO NOT DRIVE THROUGH TALL GRASS. AVOID ACTIVITIES THAT MAY PRODUCE OUTDOOR FLAMES OR SPARKS. ACCIDENTAL IGNITIONS WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO EXPLOSIVELY GROW INTO DANGEROUS WIND-DRIVEN WILDFIRES. $$
000 WWUS84 KMAF 241955 RFWMAF RED FLAG WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MIDLAND/ODESSA TX 255 PM CDT TUE APR 24 2007 ...A RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH MID EVENING FOR SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO AND MOST OF WEST TEXAS FOR 20 FOOT WINDS OVER 20 MPH...RELATIVE HUMIDITIES LESS THAN 15 PERCENT...AND HIGH FIRE DANGER... .A STRONG UPPER LEVEL STORM SYSTEM WILL MOVE OVER THE WESTERN HIGH PLAINS THIS EVENING...BRINGING WITH IT VERY STRONG WINDS TO THE MOUNTAINS OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO. A DEEPENING SURFACE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM OVER THE TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA PANHANDLES WILL RESULT IN GUSTY WINDS OVER THE REMAINDER OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO. WARM AND VERY DRY AIR WILL RESIDE MUCH OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO THROUGH MID EVENING. THIS DRY AIRMASS AND STRONG WINDS...ALONG WITH DRY FUELS AND HIGH FIRE DANGER...WILL RESULT IN CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS TODAY. NMZ114-115-TXZ045>048-050>053-057>063-067>070-074-075-079>081-258- 250300- /O.CON.KMAF.FW.W.0017.000000T0000Z-070425T0300Z/ GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS NP/LINCOLN NF/LNZ- SOUTHEAST PLAINS/BLM ROSWELL/LNZ-GAINES-DAWSON-BORDEN-SCURRY- ANDREWS-MARTIN-HOWARD-MITCHELL-VAN HORN AND HIGHWAY 54 CORRIDOR- REEVES COUNTY AND UPPER TRANS PECOS-LOVING-WINKLER-ECTOR-MIDLAND- GLASSCOCK-WARD-CRANE-UPTON-REAGAN-DAVIS/APACHE MOUNTAINS AREA- PECOS-PRESIDIO VALLEY-MARFA PLATEAU-BIG BEND AREA- GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS- 255 PM CDT TUE APR 24 2007 /155 PM MDT TUE APR 24 2007/ ...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM CDT /9 PM MDT/ THIS EVENING... A RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM CDT /9 PM MDT/ THIS EVENING. DRY AND WINDY CONDITIONS WILL CONTINUE ACROSS SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO AND MOST OF WEST TEXAS THIS EVENING. WEST TO SOUTHWEST WINDS OF 20 TO 30 MPH...MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITIES OF 10 TO 15 PERCENT...AND HIGH FIRE DANGER WILL FAVOR RAPID FIRE GROWTH AND SPREAD. DO NOT THROW CIGARETTES ONTO THE GROUND OR OUT OF A MOVING VEHICLE. KEEP VEHICLES ON DRIVING SURFACES... AND DO NOT DRIVE THROUGH TALL GRASS. AVOID ACTIVITIES THAT MAY PRODUCE OUTDOOR FLAMES OR SPARKS. ACCIDENTAL IGNITIONS WILL HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO EXPLOSIVELY GROW INTO DANGEROUS WIND-DRIVEN WILDFIRES. $$
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this red flag warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Midland/Odessa, TX wrote its last area forecast discussion before this red flag warning went out at Apr 23, 3:01 PM CDT, 41 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Apr 23, 3:01 PM CDT, 41 minutes before
.SHORT TERM... VIGOROUS UPPER LEVEL STORM SYSTEM APPROACHING FOUR CORNERS THIS EVENING WILL TIGHTEN UP MID LEVEL HEIGHT GRADIENTS THROUGH THE OVERNIGHT. A HIGH WIND WARNING WILL CONTINUE FOR THE MOUNTAINS THROUGH TONIGHT. DRYLINE BECOMING ESTABLISHED FROM THE PANHANDLE THROUGH THE CENTRAL PERMIAN BASIN. CAPES RUNNING IN EXCESS OF 2000 EAST OF THE DRYLINE WITH WEAK CAPPING...ACCORDING TO LAPS ANALYSIS. MOISTURE CONTINUING TO SLOWLY MIX OUT RESULTING IN DECREASING INSTABILY...AND CONVERGENCE ON SOUTHERN END OF THE DRYLINE IS WEAK. HIGH CLOUD SHIELD ALSO INHIBITING STRONG SURFACE HEATING. AS A RESULT THUNDERSTORMS WILL HAVE SOME DIFFICULTY INITIATING IN SOUTHWEST TEXAS...THOUGH COULD STILL SEE AN ISOLATED THUNDERSTORM OR TWO. DUE TO SIGNIFICANT INSTABILITY AND MODERATE SHEAR ALONG AND EAST OF THE DRYLINE...ANY STORMS THAT DEVELOP COULD EXHIBIT SOME ORGANIZATION AND THE POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE SMALL HAIL AND GUSTY WINDS. STRONGER THUNDERSTORMS ARE MORE LIKELY OVER THE NORTHEAST PARTS OF THE AREA...INCLUDING SCURRY AND MITCHELL COUNTIES. ONE FLY IN THE OINTMENT IS SHORT WAVE ABOUT THE CROSS THE RIO GRANDE INTO FAR WEST TEXAS. APPEARS FEATURE ON WATER VAPOR IMAGERY IS SHEARING AS IT MOVES NORTHEAST...SO EXPECT INFLUENCE TO BE MINIMAL. THIS DISTURBANCE MAY ENHANCE THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT OVER NORTHEAST ZONES BY LATE EVENING.
Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 23, 2:26 PM CDT, 1 hour 16 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MIDLAND/ODESSA TX 226 PM CDT MON APR 23 2007 NMZ027>029-033-034-TXZ045>048-050>053-057>063-067>070-074-075- 079>082-258-241930- GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS OF EDDY COUNTY-EDDY COUNTY PLAINS- NORTHERN LEA COUNTY-CENTRAL LEA COUNTY-SOUTHERN LEA COUNTY-GAINES- DAWSON-BORDEN-SCURRY-ANDREWS-MARTIN-HOWARD-MITCHELL- VAN HORN AND HIGHWAY 54 CORRIDOR- REEVES COUNTY AND UPPER TRANS PECOS-LOVING-WINKLER-ECTOR-MIDLAND- GLASSCOCK-WARD-CRANE-UPTON-REAGAN-DAVIS/APACHE MOUNTAINS AREA- PECOS-PRESIDIO VALLEY-MARFA PLATEAU-BIG BEND AREA-TERRELL- GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS- 226 PM CDT MON APR 23 2007 /126 PM MDT MON APR 23 2007/ THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHEAST NEW MEXICO...SOUTHWEST TEXAS AND WEST TEXAS. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT POTENTIALLY DAMAGING WEST TO SOUTHWEST WINDS ARE EXPECTED IN THE GUADALUPE AND DAVIS MOUNTAINS THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH TONIGHT. SUSTAINED WINDS OF 40 TO 50 MPH WITH GUSTS TO NEAR 70 MPH ARE POSSIBLE. VERY DRY CONDITIONS WILL COMBINE WITH THE STRONG WINDS TO CREATE A SIGNIFICANT FIRE HAZARD THROUGH THE EARLY EVENING ACROSS SOUTHEAST NEW MEXICO...THE UPPER TRANS PECOS REGION AND FROM THE MOUNTAINS OF WEST TEXAS TO THE PRESIDIO VALLEY. A RED FLAG WARNING IS IN EFFECT FOR THOSE AREAS THROUGH MID EVENING. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY STRONG WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE IN THE MOUNTAINS OF WEST TEXAS AND SOUTHEAST NEW MEXICO THROUGH MID EVENING TUESDAY. A HIGH WIND WARNING HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR THE DAVIS AND GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS FOR WEST WINDS OF 40 TO 50 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 70 MPH. A WIND ADVISORY IS IN EFFECT TUESDAY FOR THE ADJACENT PLAINS OF SOUTHEAST NEW MEXICO...THE WESTERN PERMIAN BASIN...THE UPPER TRANS PECOS AND CULBERSON COUNTY FOR WEST WINDS OF 30 TO 40 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 50 MPH. VERY DRY CONDITIONS AND STRONG WINDS WILL RESULT IN CONTINUING CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS TUESDAY. A RED FLAG WARNING IS IN EFFECT FOR ALL BUT TERRELL COUNTY TUESDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT ANTICIPATED. THIS PRODUCT...ALONG WITH OTHER WATCHES...WARNINGS...ADVISORIES... AND STATEMENTS ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OFFICE IN MIDLAND CAN BE FOUND ON THE INTERNET AT /LOWER CASE/ HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/MIDLAND 05
The office that day
Everything else NWS Midland/Odessa, TX issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 23, 4:50 AM CDT | High Wind Warning | MAF | 41 hr | |
| Apr 23, 3:24 PM CDT | Wind Advisory | MAF | Andrews, Gaines, Loving, Ward, Winkler | 31 hr |
| Apr 23, 5:10 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MAF | Midland | 25 min |
| Apr 23, 5:20 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MAF | Martin | 40 min |
| Apr 23, 5:40 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MAF | Howard | 65 min |
| Apr 23, 6:08 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MAF | Borden | 67 min |
| Apr 23, 6:28 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MAF | Howard, Mitchell | 47 min |
| Apr 23, 6:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MAF | Mitchell, Scurry | 64 min |
Nearby
Red Flag Warnings in Texas, 2007Red Flag Warnings in New Mexico, 2007Every red flag warning in 2007
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.