Alert archive / Georgia / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2007
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 178, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 18, 2007, 2:39 PM EDT for Rabun County, Georgia; Oconee County, South Carolina. It was in force for 66 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jun 18, 2007, 2:39 PM EDT (18:39 UTC)
- Expired
- Jun 18, 2007, 3:45 PM EDT
- In force
- 66 min
- Issued by
- NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
- Area
- Counties, with a storm outline in the text
Counties Rabun County, GA, Oconee County, SC
The radar
The Greer radar (KGSP), 95 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:38 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 18, 2:45 PM EDT | TSTM WND DMG | Clayton, GA | ONE TREE DOWN ON PINNACLE DR. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 2 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 6 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Peachtre/Fal Fld, GA (KFFC), launched 12:00Z, 6.7 hours before the alert went out and 200 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 5 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -159 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1472 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 10 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 31 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- -28 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 WUUS52 KGSP 181839 SVRGSP GAC241-SCC073-181945- /O.NEW.KGSP.SV.W.0178.070618T1839Z-070618T1945Z/ BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 239 PM EDT MON JUN 18 2007 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG HAS ISSUED A * SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR... EASTERN RABUN COUNTY IN NORTHEAST GEORGIA NORTHERN OCONEE COUNTY IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA * UNTIL 345 PM EDT * AT 239 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZE HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 6 MILES SOUTHEAST OF CLAYTON...OR ABOUT 5 MILES NORTHWEST OF LONG CREEK... AND WAS MOVING EAST AT 10 MPH. * THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR... LONG CREEK BY 255 PM EDT... MOUNTAIN REST AND 7 MILES SOUTH OF PINE MOUNTAIN BY 345 PM EDT... PEOPLE IN THE PATH OF THIS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM SHOULD BE ALERT FOR LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. FREQUENT LIGHTNING AND LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN CAN OCCUR WITH ANY THUNDERSTORM. SEEK SHELTER INDOORS AWAY FROM WINDOWS AND DOORS UNTIL THE STORM PASSES. TO REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL...OR FLOODING...THROUGH OUR AUTOMATED REPORTING SYSTEM...CALL OUR TOLL FREE NUMBER... 1 8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2. LAT...LON 3490 8344 3471 8337 3475 8297 3500 8308 $$ BSH
2 follow-up statements
000
WWUS52 KGSP 181905
SVSGSP
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
304 PM EDT MON JUN 18 2007
GAC241-181914-
/O.CAN.KGSP.SV.W.0178.000000T0000Z-070618T1945Z/
RABUN GA-
304 PM EDT MON JUN 18 2007
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR RABUN COUNTY IS CANCELLED...
LAT...LON 3484 8327 3472 8336 3480 8287 3504 8290
3501 8306
$$
SCC073-181945-
/O.CON.KGSP.SV.W.0178.000000T0000Z-070618T1945Z/
OCONEE SC-
304 PM EDT MON JUN 18 2007
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 345 PM EDT
FOR NORTHERN OCONEE COUNTY...
AT 304 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZE
HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS
LOCATED 4 MILES NORTH OF LONG CREEK...OR ABOUT 8 MILES SOUTHEAST OF
CLAYTON...MOVING EAST AT 10 MPH.
THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
MOUNTAIN REST BY 340 PM EDT...
LAT...LON 3484 8327 3472 8336 3480 8287 3504 8290
3501 8306
$$
BSH000
WWUS52 KGSP 181944
SVSGSP
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
345 PM EDT MON JUN 18 2007
SCC073-181955-
/O.EXP.KGSP.SV.W.0178.000000T0000Z-070618T1945Z/
OCONEE SC-
345 PM EDT MON JUN 18 2007
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHERN OCONEE COUNTY EXPIRES
AT 345 PM EDT...
LAT...LON 3484 8327 3472 8336 3480 8287 3504 8290
3501 8306
$$
BSHWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 18, 2:36 PM EDT, 3 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 18, 2:36 PM EDT, 3 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
236 PM EDT MON JUN 18 2007
.SYNOPSIS...
AN UPPER LEVEL RIDGE WILL CONTINUE TO PUSH OFF THE EAST COAST
THROUGH TUESDAY AFTERNOON...AS A WEAK COLD FRONT APPROACHES THE
FORECAST AREA FROM THE WEST. BEHIND THE FRONT...HIGH PRESSURE WILL
RETURN TO THE EASTERN THIRD OF THE COUNTRY FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE
WEEK.
&&
.NEAR TERM /THROUGH TUESDAY/...
THUNDERSTORMS HAVE DEVELOPED OVER THE SOUTHWEST NC MTNS AND THE NE
GA MTNS THIS AFTERNOON...PRETTY MUCH IN LINE WITH WHERE THE RUC AND
SREF HAD PREDICTED THE GREATEST INSTABILITY TO BE. THUNDERSTORMS MAY
LINGER FOR A WHILE INTO THE EVENING ACROSS THE MTNS AND ALONG THE
LEE SLOPES AS INSTABILITY IS PROGGED TO REMAIN FAIRLY HIGH THROUGH
0300 UTC. FREEZING LEVEL IS UP AROUND 14000 FEET AND SHEAR IS VERY
WEAK...BUT THE SFC DELTA THETA-E/S ARE IN THE 25 DEG RANGE...SO
THERE WILL BE A CHANCE OF A FEW PULSE SEVERE THROUGH SUNSET.
OTHERWISE...WENT WITH A BLEND OF MAV AND MET FOR LOWS.
SHORT WAVE CURRENTLY OVER THE OK/AR BORDER WILL CROSS THE REGION
LATE IN THE DAY ON TUE. LAYER RH VALUES WILL BE QUITE HIGH...AND
MODELS SHOW THAT DEWPOINTS WILL RECOVER WELL INTO THE 60S ACROSS THE
ENTIRE REGION. AS A RESULT...SREF SB-CAPES RANGE FROM 1000-1500
ACROSS PRETTY MUCH THE ENTIRE AREA. SEVERE THREAT WILL BE LOW AGAIN
ON ACCOUNT OF WEAK SHEAR AND HIGH FREEZING LEVELS. HOWEVER...
COVERAGE SHOULD BE GOOD WITH THE MOIST AIR AND I HAVE LOW END LIKELY
POPS ACROSS THE NC...GA AND SC MTNS...AND THE UPSTATE FROM ANDERSON
WESTWARD. AIRMASS LOOKS A LITTLE MORE STABLE TO THE EAST WHERE POPS
TAPER INTO THE LOW CHANCE RANGE EAST OF I-77.
&&
.SHORT TERM /TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY/...
I WILL USE A BLEND OF THE NAM/SREF/GFS FOR THE SHORT TERM PERIOD.
ALL SOLUTIONS INDICATE THAT CONVECTION WILL BECOME MORE DEPENDENT ON
THE LIFT ALONG THE FRONT AND HIGHER TERRAIN WITH THE REDUCTION OF
DIURNAL INSTABILITY. I WILL KEEP LIKELY POPS ALONG THE TN LINE
THROUGH 6Z WED...WITH CHC POPS EAST. THE MAJORITY OF THE CONVECTION
SHOULD ASH OUT AFTER 6Z LEAVING JUST SCT SHRA AND TSRA FOR THE REST
OF THE NIGHT. THE SFC COLD FRONT IS EXPECTED TO PUSH EAST OF CWA BY
12Z WED...WITH DRY AIR EXPECTED TO STEADILY BUILD OVER THE MTNS
THROUGH THE MORNING. I WILL KEEP CHC POPS GOING FROM 12Z WED TO 0Z
THU ALONG AND EAST OF I-85...ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOCATION OF THE
COLD FRONT.
THE COLD FRONT IS EXPECTED TO STALL OVER SRN GA AND NRN FL THURSDAY
NIGHT. AN H5 TROF REMAINS OVER THE DEEP SOUTH THURSDAY
NIGHT...LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WEAK LOW ALONG THE STALLED
BOUNDARY NEAR THE FL PANHANDLE. THIS FEATURE SHOULD KEEP MOISTURE
ALONG THE COAST FOR THURSDAY...LIMITING POPS TO THE LOW TEENS.
&&
.LONG TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY/...
I USED A BLEND OF THE ECMWF/NCEP ENS MEAN/GFS FOR MID LEVEL FEATURES
THROUGH THE EXTENDED RANGE. THU THROUGH SAT MORNING...THE CWA REMAINS
UNDER A WEAK H5 RIDGE LOBE...KEEPING THE AREA UNDER A DRY AND WARM
AIR MASS. FORECAST SOUNDINGS SHOW A DEEP MIXED LAYER WITH AN
INVERSION LINGERING AROUND H7 BOTH THU AND FRI AFTERNOON AND EVENING.
SAT AFTERNOON AND EVENING...HEIGHTS OVER THE WESTERN HALF OF THE FA
WILL BEGIN TO FALL IN ADVANCE OF A APPROACHING S/W. FORECAST
SOUNDINGS CONTINUE TO INDICATE A DOMINATE INVERSION EAST OF THE
MTNS. HOWEVER...GREATER MOISTURE RETURN UNDER H7 OVER THE MTNS
LIMITS THE INVERSION TO A VERY SHALLOW LAYER. GFS COMPUTED LI/S FALL
TO MINUS 5 OVER THE MTNS WITH CAPES BETWEEN 1000-2000 J/KG. I WILL
ADVERTISE RIDGE TOP CHCS SAT AFTERNOON AND EVENING WITH SCHC OVER
THE REST OF THE MTNS AND FOOTHILLS. MEDIUM RANGE MODELS RIPPLES THE
S/W AXIS OVER THE CWA SUN MORNING AND AFTERNOON. GFS FORECAST
SOUNDINGS AND PLAIN VIEW INSTABILITY INDICES SHOW WIDESPREAD
INSTABILITY...FEATURING CAPES ABOVE 1000 J/KG AND LI/S BELOW MINUS 3 WITH
SOME SYNOPTIC LIFT. THESE INGREDIENTS SHOULD RESULT IN AT LEAST SCT
SHRA/TSRA ACROSS THE CWA ON SUN. H5 RIDGE RETURNS ON
MON...SUPPORTING LOW POPS OVER THE CWA. HOWEVER...LINGERING MOISTURE
AND WEAK DIURNAL INSTABILITY MAY YIELD ISO SHRA/TSRA.
I USED A BLEND OF THE HPC AND MEN VALUES FOR MAX AND MIN TEMPS AND
DWPTS THROUGH THE MEDIUM RANGE.
&&
.AVIATION /19Z MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
A FEW TSTMS POPPING OVER THE MTNS ATTM...BUT THEY SHOULD STAY WELL
WEST OF KAVL AND KAND. WHILE DWPTS WILL GRADUALLY INCREASE
OVERNIGHT...TIME SECTIONS LOOK FAIRLY DRY OVERNIGHT...AND DON/T LOOK
FOR ANY STRATUS. I DID INCLUDE SOME FOG AND HAZE...USING PERSISTENCE
WITH THIS MORNINGS CONDITIONS. THERE WILL BE A GOOD CHANCE OF SHRA
AND TSTMS ON TUE...MAINLY IN THE AFTN. HAVE VCSH IN AT MOST SITES TO
ACCOUNT FOR THIS IN THE MORNING HRS.
OUTLOOK FOR MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY...CHANCE OF SHOWERS AND
THUNDERSTORMS INCREASES FOR TUE-WED AS FRONT MOVES THROUGH AREA.
HIGH PRESSURE BUILDS IN FROM THE N THU BUT LOCATION OF WEAK SFC
BOUNDARY REMAINS UNCERTAIN FRI-SAT SO EXPECT SLIGHT CHANCE OF LATE
DAY SHOWERS/TSTMS. EARLY MORNING MVFR VISIBILITY EXPECTED EACH DAY.
&&
.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...NONE.
NC...AIR STAGNATION ADVISORY UNTIL 9 PM EDT THIS EVENING FOR NCZ036-
037-057-069>072-082.
SC...AIR STAGNATION ADVISORY UNTIL 9 PM EDT THIS EVENING FOR
SCZ001>008-010>013-019.
&&
SYNOPSIS...BSH
NEAR TERM...MCAVOY
SHORT TERM...NED
LONG TERM...NED
AVIATION...MCAVOYHazardous weather outlook, Jun 18, 6:17 AM EDT, 8 hours 22 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 617 AM EDT MON JUN 18 2007 GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033-035-048>053-056-058-059-062>065- 068-501>510-SCZ009-014-191030- RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-AVERY-ALEXANDER- MADISON-YANCEY-MITCHELL-SWAIN-HAYWOOD-BUNCOMBE-CATAWBA-GRAHAM- NORTHERN JACKSON-MACON-SOUTHERN JACKSON-TRANSYLVANIA-HENDERSON- CLEVELAND-CALDWELL MOUNTAINS-GREATER CALDWELL-BURKE MOUNTAINS- GREATER BURKE-MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS-EASTERN MCDOWELL- RUTHERFORD MOUNTAINS-GREATER RUTHERFORD-POLK MOUNTAINS-EASTERN POLK- YORK-CHESTER- 617 AM EDT MON JUN 18 2007 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHEAST GEORGIA...PIEDMONT NORTH CAROLINA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY. LOCALLY STRONG STORMS ARE POSSIBLE EACH AFTERNOON AND EVENING. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES. NCZ036-037-057-069>072-082-SCZ001>008-010>013-019-191030- IREDELL-DAVIE-ROWAN-LINCOLN-GASTON-MECKLENBURG-CABARRUS-UNION NC- OCONEE MOUNTAINS-PICKENS MOUNTAINS-GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS- GREATER OCONEE-GREATER PICKENS-GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG- CHEROKEE-ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE-LAURENS-UNION SC-GREENWOOD- 617 AM EDT MON JUN 18 2007 ...AIR QUALITY ACTION DAY IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM EDT THIS EVENING... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PIEDMONT NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. AIR QUALITY ACTION DAY. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY. LOCALLY STRONG STORMS ARE POSSIBLE EACH AFTERNOON AND EVENING. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Jun 18, 9:18 AM EDT, 5 hours 21 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
918 AM EDT MON JUN 18 2007
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0430 PM TSTM WND DMG 4 SW FOREST CITY 35.30N 81.92W
06/16/2007 RUTHERFORD NC COUNTY OFFICIAL
4 TREES DOWN OFF OF HWY 221 IN THE DANIELTOWN AREA. ALSO
A REPORT OF 3/4 INCH HAIL.
&&
GADLocal storm report, Jun 18, 9:41 AM EDT, 4 hours 58 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
941 AM EDT MON JUN 18 2007
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0845 PM HAIL 4 NW DUE WEST 34.37N 82.44W
06/16/2007 E0.88 INCH ABBEVILLE SC FIRE DEPT/RESCUE
KEOWEE FD REPORTED NICKEL SIZED HAIL.
&&
GADLocal storm report, Jun 18, 10:07 AM EDT, 4 hours 32 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1007 AM EDT MON JUN 18 2007
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0415 PM HAIL 4 SSE WAXHAW 34.87N 80.72W
06/12/2007 E0.88 INCH UNION NC FIRE DEPT/RESCUE
JACKSON FD REPORTED NICKEL SIZED HAIL THAT LASTED 12-15
MINUTES.
&&
GADSpecial weather statement, Jun 18, 2:34 PM EDT, 5 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 234 PM EDT MON JUN 18 2007 GAZ010-SCZ001-181930- OCONEE MOUNTAINS-RABUN- 234 PM EDT MON JUN 18 2007 ...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT EASTERN RABUN AND NORTHWESTERN OCONEE COUNTIES THROUGH 330 PM EDT... AT 234 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 5 MILES NORTHEAST OF LAKEMONT...OR 6 MILES SOUTHEAST OF CLAYTON...MOVING EAST AT 5 MPH. PEOPLE IN EASTERN RABUN AND NORTHWESTERN OCONEE COUNTIES...INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS... LONG CREEK AND MOUNTAIN REST... SHOULD MONITOR THE WEATHER SITUATION CLOSELY. LISTEN FOR POSSIBLE WARNINGS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION SHOULD SEVERE WEATHER THREATEN. PEA SIZE HAIL...AND WIND GUSTS OF 30 TO 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM. INTENSE LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. IF OUTDOORS...STAY AWAY FROM ISOLATED HIGH OBJECTS SUCH AS TREES. MOVE INDOORS IF POSSIBLE. WHEN INDOORS...STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS AND DOORS AND AVOID USING TELEPHONES UNLESS IT IS AN EMERGENCY. TRY TO UNPLUG UNNECESSARY ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES BEFORE THE THUNDERSTORM APPROACHES. BSH
The office that day
Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 18, 3:14 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Habersham, Stephens | 61 min |
| Jun 18, 4:58 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Hart | 62 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Georgia, 2007Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in South Carolina, 2007Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2007
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.