Alert archive / Missouri / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2006

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 129, NWS St. Louis, MO

March 31, 2006Saint Charles County, Warren County, Missouri

NWS St. Louis, MO issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Mar 31, 2006, 12:12 AM CST for Saint Charles County, Warren County, Missouri. It was in force for 48 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Mar 31, 2006, 12:12 AM CST (06:12 UTC)
Expired: Mar 31, 2006, 1:00 AM CST
In force: 48 min
Issued by: NWS St. Louis, MO
Area: Counties, with a storm outline in the text

Counties Saint Charles County, MO, Warren County, MO

The radar

The St Louis radar (KLSX), 12 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 06:13 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Mar 30, 8:17 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	6 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Lincoln, IL (KILX), launched 00:00Z, 6.2 hours before the alert went out and 231 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 46 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -78 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1236 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 37 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 162 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 250 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS53 KLSX 310612
SVRLSX
MOC183-219-310700-
/O.NEW.KLSX.SV.W.0129.060331T0612Z-060331T0700Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
1212 AM CST FRI MAR 31 2006

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ST LOUIS HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  ST. CHARLES COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL MISSOURI
  EASTERN WARREN COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL MISSOURI

* UNTIL 100 AM CST

* AT 1208 AM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS
  OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR TRUESDALE...OR ABOUT NEAR
  WARRENTON...AND MOVING EAST AT 50 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  NEW MELLE...
  WENTZVILLE...
  DARDENNE PRAIRIE...
  LAKE ST. LOUIS...
  OFALLON...
  COTTLEVILLE...
  HARVESTER...
  ST. PETERS...
  WELDON SPRING...
  ST. CHARLES...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH...
DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...DEADLY LIGHTNING...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. FOR YOUR
PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR HOME
OR BUSINESS. HEAVY RAINS FLOOD ROADS QUICKLY SO DO NOT DRIVE INTO
AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE ROAD.

LAT...LON 3889 9033 3883 9037 3882 9046 3869 9056
      3869 9068 3854 9090 3854 9097 3864 9098
      3863 9115 3884 9116 3885 9099 3889 9095
      3887 9081 3891 9079 3893 9066 3886 9057
      3896 9046 3896 9040 3883 9012 3881 9012

$$

CARNEY

3 follow-up statements

000 
WWUS53 KLSX 310628
SVSLSX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
1229 AM CST FRI MAR 31 2006

MOC183-219-310700-
/O.CON.KLSX.SV.W.0129.000000T0000Z-060331T0700Z/
ST. CHARLES MO-WARREN MO-
1229 AM CST FRI MAR 31 2006

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 AM CST
FOR EASTERN WARREN AND ST. CHARLES COUNTIES...

AT 1227 AM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN
EXCESS OF 60 MPH OVER ST. PAUL...MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.

LOCATIONS NEAR THE PATH OF THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM INCLUDE...
ST. PETERS...HARVESTER...KAMPVILLE...ST. CHARLES...ORCHARD FARMS...
PORTAGE DES SIOUX AND WEST ALTON.

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH...
DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...DEADLY LIGHTNING...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. FOR YOUR
PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR HOME
OR BUSINESS. HEAVY RAINS FLOOD ROADS QUICKLY SO DO NOT DRIVE INTO
AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE ROAD.

LAT...LON 3889 9033 3883 9037 3882 9046 3869 9056
      3869 9068 3854 9090 3854 9097 3864 9098
      3863 9115 3884 9116 3885 9099 3889 9095
      3887 9081 3891 9079 3893 9066 3886 9057
      3896 9046 3896 9040 3883 9012 3881 9012

$$

CARNEY

000 
WWUS53 KLSX 310646
SVSLSX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
1246 AM CST FRI MAR 31 2006

MOC219-310656-
/O.CAN.KLSX.SV.W.0129.000000T0000Z-060331T0700Z/
WARREN MO-
1246 AM CST FRI MAR 31 2006

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR WARREN COUNTY IS CANCELLED...

THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS MOVED OUT OF THE COUNTY.

LAT...LON 3889 9033 3883 9037 3882 9046 3869 9056
      3869 9068 3854 9090 3854 9097 3865 9097
      3888 9096 3889 9095 3887 9081 3891 9079
      3893 9066 3886 9057 3896 9046 3896 9040
      3883 9012 3881 9012

$$

MOC183-310700-
/O.CON.KLSX.SV.W.0129.000000T0000Z-060331T0700Z/
ST. CHARLES MO-
1246 AM CST FRI MAR 31 2006

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 AM CST
FOR ST. CHARLES COUNTY...

AT 1242 AM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN
EXCESS OF 60 MPH OVER DARDENNE PRAIRIE...MOVING EAST AT 40 MPH.

LOCATIONS NEAR THE PATH OF THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM INCLUDE...
ST. PETERS...HARVESTER...KAMPVILLE AND ST. CHARLES.

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH...
DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...DEADLY LIGHTNING...AND VERY HEAVY RAIN. FOR YOUR
PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF YOUR HOME
OR BUSINESS. HEAVY RAINS FLOOD ROADS QUICKLY SO DO NOT DRIVE INTO
AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS THE ROAD.

LAT...LON 3889 9033 3883 9037 3882 9046 3869 9056
      3869 9068 3854 9090 3854 9097 3865 9097
      3888 9096 3889 9095 3887 9081 3891 9079
      3893 9066 3886 9057 3896 9046 3896 9040
      3883 9012 3881 9012

$$

CARNEY

000 
WWUS53 KLSX 310700 RRA
SVSLSX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
101 AM CST FRI MAR 31 2006

MOC183-310711-
/O.EXP.KLSX.SV.W.0129.000000T0000Z-060331T0700Z/
ST. CHARLES MO-
101 AM CST FRI MAR 31 2006

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR ST. CHARLES COUNTY HAS
EXPIRED...

THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS WEAKENED AND NO LONGER
APPEARED TO BE SEVERE.

LAT...LON 3889 9033 3883 9037 3882 9046 3869 9056
      3869 9068 3854 9090 3854 9097 3865 9097
      3888 9096 3889 9095 3887 9081 3891 9079
      3893 9066 3886 9057 3896 9046 3896 9040
      3883 9012 3881 9012

$$

CARNEY

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS St. Louis, MO wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Mar 30, 6:03 PM CST, 6 hours 9 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Mar 30, 6:03 PM CST, 6 hours 9 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
603 PM CST THU MAR 30 2006

.DISCUSSION...
WDLY SCT SHRA AND TSRA CURRENTLY OCCURRING ALNG AND N OF SUBTLE
WRMFNT EXTDG SEWD THRU COU TO JUST S OF STL ATTM.  850 MB WAA ALSO
OCCURRING IN THIS AREA ON NOSE OF BROAD 40-50 KT SWLY LLJ. THIS
LLJ WILL INTENSIFY LTR THIS AFTN INTO THIS EVNG AND TRANSLATE EWD
THRU THE CWA THIS EVNG SE OF 850 MB LOW MOVG NEWD THRU THE NRN
PLAINS. THIS STG LLJ WILL PROVIDE INCRSG LOW LVL TEMPERATURE AND
MOISTURE ADVCTN AS WELL AS STG LOW LVL SHEAR ACRS THE CWA THIS
EVNG. A LINE OF CONVECTION IS FCST TO DVLP THIS EVNG AND MOVE
RAPIDLY EWD THRU THE CWA NR THE LLJ AXIS AND AHD OF SFC
TROF/DRYLINE PUSHING SEWD THRU THE CWA LTR TGT. MDLS ALSO SHOWING
UPR LVL DIVERGENCE OVR THE CWA ARND 06Z FRI SE OF MID-UPR LVL LOW
MOVG NEWD THRU WRN IA. CONVECTION SHOULD MOVE THRU THE UIN AND COU
AREAS THIS EVNG...THEN THRU THE SERN HALF OF THE CWA...FM STL
SEWD DURING THE OVERNIGHT HRS. DRY SLOT WILL MOVE NEWD THRU THE
CWA LT TGT AND FRI MRNG S OF MID-UPR LVL LOW MOVG NEWD THRU THE
NRN PLAINS AND INTO THE GRK LKS REGION. WILL LIKELY MENTION LOW
POPS OVR THE ERN AND SRN PTN OF THE CWA ON FRI. ALTHOUGH LTL MID-
UPR LVL FCRG AND ONLY SHALLOW LOW LVL MOISTURE...NAM MDL DEPICTS
WK SFC MOISTURE CNVG AND LOW LVL INSTABILITY ALNG AND AHD OF WK
CDFNT EXTDG SWWD FM SFC LOW OVR WI THRU SERN MO ARND 18Z FRI. MDLS
ALSO SHOWING SOME LOW LVL WRP ARND TYPE MOISTURE MOVG SEWD THRU
THE NRN PTN OF THE CWA FRI AFTN AND EVNG. SHOULD HAVE MOSTLY CLR
SKIES AND COOL CONDITIONS BY LT FRI NGT AS SFC AND UPR LVL RDG
MOVES EWD INTO THE CWA AS UPR LOW AND ASSOCIATED SFC LOW MOVES
WELL NE OF THE REGION. NEXT CHC OF RAIN WILL OCCUR LATE SAT NGT
INTO SUN AS LLJ BRINGS 850 MB WAA...THETA E ADVCTN AND MOISTURE
CNVG ESPECIALLY TO THE NRN AND WRN PTN OF THE CWA...AND WRMFNT
MOVES NEWD THRU THE CWA. THE CHC OF CONVECTION WILL CONT THRU SUN
AFTN INTO SUN EVNG AS SFC TROF/WK CDFNT MOVES SEWD THRU CWA.

GKS

&&

.AVIATION...
FOR THE 00Z TAFS...SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS RESULTING FROM A LOW
PRESSURE SYSTEM CENTERED IN SOUTHEAST NE WILL DEVELOP A LINE OF
CONVECTION IN CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST MISSOURI THIS EVENING AND THE
STL METRO AREA AROUND MIDNIGHT. SURFACE WINDS WILL VEER TO THE
SOUTHWEST AFTER THE PASSAGE OF THUNDERSTORMS AND WILL REMAIN
STRONG AROUND 20 TO 30KTS THROUGH 08Z.

&&

.LSX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MO...NONE.
IL...NONE.
&&

WFO LSX

Hazardous weather outlook, Mar 30, 3:31 PM CST, 8 hours 41 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
331 PM CST THU MAR 30 2006

ILZ058>060-064-065-069-070-074-079-095>102-MOZ018-019-026-027-
034>036-041-042-047>052-059>065-072>075-084-085-099-311230-
ADAMS IL-AUDRAIN-BOND IL-BOONE-BROWN IL-CALHOUN IL-CALLAWAY-
CLINTON IL-COLE-CRAWFORD-FAYETTE IL-FRANKLIN-GASCONADE-GREENE IL-
IRON-JEFFERSON-JERSEY IL-KNOX-LEWIS-LINCOLN-MACOUPIN IL-MADISON-
MADISON IL-MARION-MARION IL-MONITEAU-MONROE-MONROE IL-MONTGOMERY-
MONTGOMERY IL-OSAGE-PIKE-PIKE IL-RALLS-RANDOLPH IL-REYNOLDS-
SHELBY-ST. CHARLES-ST. CLAIR IL-ST. FRANCOIS-ST. LOUIS-
ST. LOUIS CITY-STE. GENEVIEVE-WARREN-WASHINGTON-WASHINGTON IL-
331 PM CST THU MAR 30 2006

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF EASTERN AND
CENTRAL MISSOURI AS WELL AS SOUTHWEST ILLINOIS.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THROUGHOUT THE
FORECAST AREA...

A LOW PRESSURE CENTERED OVER KANSAS THIS AFTERNOON WILL MOVE
NORTHEAST INTO IOWA TONIGHT. AS THIS WEATHER SYSTEM APPROACHES IT
SHOULD GENERATE A DRY LINE OR FRONTAL SYSTEM UPON WHICH
THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP EARLY THIS EVENING. THESE SHOULD EXPAND
INTO A FAST MOVING SQUALL LINE WHICH WILL RACE NORTHEAST INTO
EASTERN MISSOURI AND SOUTHERN ILLINOIS LATER THIS EVENING AND
OVERNIGHT HOURS. THE MAIN THREAT FROM THIS LINE OF STORMS WILL BE
DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH... ALTHOUGH SUPERCELLS WITH
LARGE HAIL AND ISOLATED TORNADOES COULD ALSO DEVELOP.

KEEP ABREAST OF LOCAL CONDITIONS AND LATEST STATEMENTS AND
WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY

UNSETTLED WEATHER WILL LIKELY CONTINUE THIS WEEK. THERE WILL BE
ANOTHER CHANCE FOR THUNDERSTORMS ON SUNDAY OR SUNDAY NIGHT AND
THEN AGAIN ON WEDNESDAY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTERS...LAW ENFORCEMENT...AND MEDIA SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR
SEVERE WEATHER ACTIVITY EARLY THIS EVENING AND PARTICULARLY INTO
THE NIGHTTIME HOURS OVER THE ENTIRE AREA.

DUMMER

In the hours before

Local storm report, Mar 30, 11:00 PM CST, 1 hour 12 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
1100 PM CST THU MAR 30 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1050 PM     TSTM WND GST     NEW LONDON              39.58N 91.40W
03/30/2006  E60 MPH          RALLS              MO   AMATEUR RADIO

            POWER LINE DOWNED AT HIGHWAYS 61 AND 19 AND SOME TREE
            DEBRIS AT ROUTES AB AND F.

&&

TES

Local storm report, Mar 30, 11:01 PM CST, 1 hour 11 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
1101 PM CST THU MAR 30 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1050 PM     HAIL             12 E NEW LONDON         39.58N 91.17W
03/30/2006  E0.75 INCH       PIKE               IL   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

TES

Local storm report, Mar 30, 11:03 PM CST, 1 hour 9 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
1103 PM CST THU MAR 30 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1050 PM     TSTM WND GST     12 E NEW LONDON         39.58N 91.17W
03/30/2006  M71 MPH          PIKE               IL   AMATEUR RADIO

            TREE LIMBS ALSO DOWNED...SIZE UNKNOWN.

&&

TES

Local storm report, Mar 30, 11:26 PM CST, 46 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
1126 PM CST THU MAR 30 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1109 PM     TSTM WND GST     1 S JEFFERSON CITY      38.56N 92.19W
03/30/2006  E60 MPH          COLE               MO   TRAINED SPOTTER

            MULTIPLE POWER LINES/POLES DOWNED IN CENTRAL PORTIONS OF
            JEFFERSON CITY.

&&

TES

Local storm report, Mar 30, 11:28 PM CST, 44 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
1128 PM CST THU MAR 30 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1050 PM     TSTM WND DMG     BLAND                   38.30N 91.63W
03/30/2006                   GASCONADE          MO   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            PINE TREE DOWNED...SIZE UNKNOWN. CORNER OF POLICE
            OFFICER/S HOUSE BLOWN OUT.

&&

TES

Local storm report, Mar 30, 11:32 PM CST, 40 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ST LOUIS MO
1132 PM CST THU MAR 30 2006

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1110 PM     TSTM WND DMG     1 S KINGDOM CITY        38.93N 91.94W
03/30/2006                   CALLAWAY           MO   BROADCAST MEDIA

            SOME TREE DAMAGE ALONG COUNTY ROAD 110.

&&

TES

The office that day

Everything else NWS St. Louis, MO issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Mar 30, 7:14 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Shelby	31 min
Mar 30, 7:40 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Marion, Monroe, Shelby	50 min
Mar 30, 8:13 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Lewis	34 min
Mar 30, 9:02 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Knox, Lewis	43 min
Mar 30, 9:20 PM CST	Tornado Warning	LSX	Boone	40 min
Mar 30, 9:45 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Audrain	45 min
Mar 30, 9:53 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Cole, Moniteau	52 min
Mar 30, 9:57 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Monroe	37 min
Mar 30, 10:21 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Pike, Ralls	39 min
Mar 30, 10:30 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Boone, Callaway	45 min
Mar 30, 11:25 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Callaway, Montgomery	29 min
Mar 30, 11:29 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Gasconade, Osage	39 min
Mar 30, 11:56 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Franklin	49 min
Mar 31, 12:08 AM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Lincoln	52 min
Mar 31, 12:29 AM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	LSX	Saint Louis, City of Saint Louis	55 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Missouri, 2006 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2006

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.