Alert archive / Wisconsin / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2005

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 101, NWS Milwaukee, WI

June 30, 2005Dodge County, Jefferson County, Waukesha County, Wisconsin

NWS Milwaukee, WI issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 30, 2005, 2:42 AM CDT for Dodge County, Jefferson County, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. It was in force for 36 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Jun 30, 2005, 2:42 AM CDT (07:42 UTC)
Expired: Jun 30, 2005, 3:18 AM CDT
In force: 36 min
Issued by: NWS Milwaukee, WI
Area: Counties, with a storm outline in the text

Counties Dodge County, WI, Jefferson County, WI, Waukesha County, WI

The radar

The Milwaukee radar (KMKX), 29 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 07:44 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Jun 30, 12:50 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	4 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Green Bay/Straub, WI (KGRB), launched 00:00Z, 7.7 hours before the alert went out and 144 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 145 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -113 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1024 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 26 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 111 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 102 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.5

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS53 KMKX 300742
SVRMKX
WIC027-055-133-300815-
/O.NEW.KMKX.SV.W.0101.050630T0742Z-050630T0815Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
242 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MILWAUKEE HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  DODGE COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN
  WAUKESHA COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN
  NORTHERN JEFFERSON COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN

* UNTIL 315 AM CDT

* AT 236 AM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING NICKEL SIZE HAIL.  THIS
  STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR IXONIA...OR ABOUT 7 MILES EAST OF
  WATERTOWN...AND MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 MPH.

* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO
  RUBICON...MONTEREY...MAPLETON...LEBANON...ASHIPPUN...OCONOMOWOC...
  NEOSHO AND LAC LA BELLE.

IN ADDITION TO LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS...CONTINUOUS CLOUD TO
GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. MOVE INDOORS
IMMEDIATELY LIGHTNING IS ONE OF NATURES NUMBER ONE KILLERS.
REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN HEAR THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE
STRUCK BY LIGHTNING.

LAT...LON 4322 8871 4308 8855 4318 8840 4344 8840

$$

REM

3 follow-up statements

000 
WWUS53 KMKX 300757
SVSMKX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
255 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

WIC027-055-133-300815-
/O.CON.KMKX.SV.W.0101.000000T0000Z-050630T0815Z/
DODGE-WAUKESHA-JEFFERSON-
255 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING CONTINUES UNTIL 315 AM CDT FOR
NORTHEASTERN JEFFERSON...WESTERN WAUKESHA AND SOUTHEASTERN DODGE
COUNTIES...

AT 253 AM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING NICKEL SIZE HAIL.

THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR MAPLETON...OR ABOUT 6 MILES NORTH OF 
OKAUCHEE LAKE...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 500 AM CDT 
THURSDAY MORNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN AND SOUTH CENTRAL WISCONSIN. 

LAT...LON 4322 8871 4286 8844 4286 8822 4319 8819
      4318 8840 4357 8840

$$

HENTZ

000 
WWUS53 KMKX 300805
SVSMKX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
304 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

WIC027-055-300814-
/O.CAN.KMKX.SV.W.0101.000000T0000Z-050630T0815Z/
DODGE-JEFFERSON-
304 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR JEFFERSON AND DODGE COUNTIES
IS CANCELLED...

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS HAVE EXITED JEFFERSON AND DODGE COUNTIES.

LAT...LON 4318 8846 4286 8844 4286 8822 4319 8819
      4318 8840 4318 8841

$$

WIC133-300815-
/O.CON.KMKX.SV.W.0101.000000T0000Z-050630T0815Z/
WAUKESHA-
304 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING CONTINUES UNTIL 315 AM CDT FOR
CENTRAL WAUKESHA COUNTY...

AT 301 AM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS REPORTED CAPABLE OF
PRODUCING NICKEL SIZE HAIL.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR MERTON...OR
ABOUT NEAR HARTLAND...MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 500 AM CDT 
THURSDAY MORNING FOR SOUTH CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN. 

LAT...LON 4318 8846 4286 8844 4286 8822 4319 8819
      4318 8840 4318 8841

$$

HENTZ

000 
WWUS53 KMKX 300818
SVSMKX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
317 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

WIC133-300827-
/O.EXP.KMKX.SV.W.0101.000000T0000Z-050630T0815Z/
WAUKESHA-
317 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR WAUKESHA COUNTY EXPIRED AT 
315 AM CDT...

THE THUNDERSTORMS OVER WAUKESHA COUNTY WERE BELOW SEVERE LIMITS.

LAT...LON 4318 8846 4286 8844 4286 8822 4319 8819
      4318 8840 4318 8841

$$

HENTZ

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Milwaukee, WI wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 29, 2:29 PM CDT, 12 hours 13 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jun 29, 2:29 PM CDT, 12 hours 13 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
229 PM CDT WED JUN 29 2005

.DISCUSSION...FORECAST FOCUS ON SEVERE WEATHER AND PRECIPITATION
CHANCES TONIGHT.

.IN THE SHORT TERM...
MODELS...TO VARYING DEGREE...BRING STRONG UPPER TROF ACROSS MN
AND WI NEXT 24-36 HOURS. FROM THE SURFACE LOW OVER THE DAKOTAS...A
WARM FRONT STRETCHES TO NORTHERN IL. TSTMS ALREADY FIRING ALONG
THIS FRONT OVER NORTHEAST IL. AS WARM FRONT MOVES NORTHWARD THIS
EVENING...WOULD EXPECT SOME TSTMS ALONG IT...SO BETWEEN 03Z AND 06Z
HAVE GONE LIKELY WITH THE TSTMS. LOW LEVEL SHEAR MAY SUPPORT SOME
SUPERCELLS...RUC MODEL HAS DECENT HODOGRAPH THAT SUPPORTS SUPERCELLS.
MODELS DO TEND TO WASH WARM FRONT OUT AS IT MOVES NORTHWARD...SO THIS
IMPLIES THAT DIRECTIONAL SHEAR WILL NOT BE SO GREAT ALONG/NEAR
WARM FRONT...WITH LESSER CHANCES FOR SUPERCELLS AND POSSIBLE
TORNADOES. WE/LL HAVE TO WAIT AND SEE WHAT HAPPENS.

LATER TONIGHT...STRONG 40-50 KT LLJ PROGGED TO DRIFT TO MO/IL/WI
AREA...WHICH WHEN COUPLED WITH SHORT WAVE ALOFT/DYNAMICS...WILL
SUPPORT CLUSTERS OF STORMS/SOME SUPERCELLS. THIS ACTIVITY SHOULD
MERGE INTO A LINEAR MCS WITH UNIDIRECTIONAL SHEAR PROFILES SUPPORTING
A DAMAGING WIND THREAT...AS MENTIONED IN PREVIOUS DISCUSSION. THIS
SQUALL LINE WILL BE AHEAD OF COLD FRONT. SINCE ALL MODELS PRETTY
MUCH GIVING VARYING AMOUNTS OF PCPN...DECIDED TO GO WITH 80 POPS...
IN THE FORM OF PERIODS OF...FOR LATE TONIGHT.

COLD FRONT NOT PROGGED TO MOVE OUT OF SOUTHERN WI UNTIL THURSDAY
MORNING..AFTER DAYBREAK...DEPENDING ON HOW ONE READS THE MAPS.
WILL HAVE CHANCE OF TSTMS CONTINUING INTO THURSDAY MORNING HOURS
TO PAY RESPECT. PROGGED DRY SLOT FOR THURSDAY OVER WI WILL LEAD TO
GOOD MIXING. THE ASSOCIATED SUBSIDENCE FOR AFTERNOON HOURS WILL HELP
CAP OUT THE ATMOSPHERE TO PREVENT CONTINUING CHANCES OF SHOWERS.

LOOKS LIKE NICE WEATHER FOR SATURDAY INTO SUNDAY AS HIGH PRESSURE
MOVES ACROSS GREAT LAKES REGION. NEXT ROUND FOR SUNDAY NIGHT WITH
NEXT SYSTEM.

.MKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.

&&

KAPELA

Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 29, 8:45 PM CDT, 5 hours 57 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
845 PM CDT WED JUN 29 2005

WIZ046-047-051-052-056>060-062>072-301100-
COLUMBIA-DANE-DODGE-FOND DU LAC-GREEN-GREEN LAKE-IOWA-JEFFERSON-
KENOSHA-LAFAYETTE-MARQUETTE-MILWAUKEE-OZAUKEE-RACINE-ROCK-SAUK-
SHEBOYGAN-WALWORTH-WASHINGTON-WAUKESHA-
845 PM CDT WED JUN 29 2005

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTH CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST
WISCONSIN.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
WISCONSIN. LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS WILL BE THE PRIMARY
THREAT...WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF AN ISOLATED TORNADO WITH THE MOST
INTENSE STORMS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY

VERY WARM TEMPERATURES WILL KEEP THE HEAT INDEX TO NEAR 90 THURSDAY.

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS INTO THE DAY THURSDAY
MAINLY IN THE FAR EAST. DAMAGING WINDS WILL BE THE PRIMARY THREAT.

THERE IS A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS ON SUNDAY AND INDEPENDENCE
DAY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

&&

DETAILED WEATHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ON THE NWS MILWAUKEE
WEB-PAGE...WEATHER.GOV/MILWAUKEE     /LOWER CASE/

LMZ643>646-665-301100-
SHEBOYGAN WI TO WINTHROP HARBOR ILLINOIS-
845 PM CDT WED JUN 29 2005

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR THE WISCONSIN NEARSHORE WATERS
OF LAKE MICHIGAN.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS. THE MAIN
THREAT WILL BE WINDS OVER 50 KNOTS AND LARGE HAIL.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS INTO THE DAY
THURSDAY. THE MAIN THREAT WILL BE WINDS OVER 50 KNOTS.

THERE IS A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS ON SUNDAY AND INDEPENDENCE DAY.

SMALL CRAFT ADVISORIES MAY BE NEEDED WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH
THURSDAY NIGHT FOR WINDS OF AROUND 25 KNOTS OR MORE...AND ROUGH
WATERS.

&&

DETAILED WEATHER INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON THE NWS MILWAUKEE
WEB-PAGE...WEATHER.GOV/MILWAUKEE     /LOWER CASE/

NJ

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Jun 30, 1:11 AM CDT, 1 hour 31 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
111 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

WIZ046-047-051-052-056>060-062>072-300800-
COLUMBIA-DANE-DODGE-FOND DU LAC-GREEN-GREEN LAKE-IOWA-JEFFERSON-
KENOSHA-LAFAYETTE-MARQUETTE-MILWAUKEE-OZAUKEE-RACINE-ROCK-SAUK-
SHEBOYGAN-WALWORTH-WASHINGTON-WAUKESHA-
111 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 AM CDT...

CLUSTERS OF POTENTIALLY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUE RACING
EASTWARD 40 TO 50 MPH ACROSS SOUTHERN WISCONSIN TONIGHT.
THE LEADING EDGE OF THE STORMS AT 110 AM EXTENDED FROM RIPON IN FOND
DU LAC COUNTY THROUGH MADISON TO DARLINGTON. THE STORMS APPEAR
CAPABLE OF PRODUCING VERY HEAVY RAINS AND WINDS TO 50 MPH OR MORE.
GUST FRONTS ARE SURGING EASTWARD OUT AHEAD OF THESE STORMS...
PRODUCING SUDDEN WIND SHIFTS AND GUSTS TO AROUND 40 MPH.

IF THEY HOLD TOGETHER...THE STORMS AND GUST FRONTS WILL SWEEP
THROUGH ALL OF SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN BY 5 AM.

NJ

Local storm report, Jun 30, 1:31 AM CDT, 1 hour 11 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
131 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1239 AM     TSTM WND DMG     6 N DODGEVILLE          43.05N 90.13W
06/30/2005                   IOWA               WI   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            TREE DOWN AT THE INTERSECTION OF HWY 130 AND HWY 23 IN
            IOWA COUNTY.

&&

EK

Special weather statement, Jun 30, 1:46 AM CDT, 56 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
146 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

WIZ046-047-051-052-056>060-062>072-300939-
COLUMBIA-DANE-DODGE-FOND DU LAC-GREEN-GREEN LAKE-IOWA-JEFFERSON-
KENOSHA-LAFAYETTE-MARQUETTE-MILWAUKEE-OZAUKEE-RACINE-ROCK-SAUK-
SHEBOYGAN-WALWORTH-WASHINGTON-WAUKESHA-
146 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 AM CDT FOR SOUTH
CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN...

CLUSTERS OF POTENTIALLY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE RACING
EASTWARD AT 50 MPH ACROSS SOUTHERN WISCONSIN DURING THE EARLY MORNING
HOURS. AT 145 AM THE LEADING EDGE OF THE GUST FRONT EXTENDED FROM
FOND DU LAC TO NEAR WATERTOWN...TO JUST EAST OF MADISON...TO NEAR
MONROE. THE STORMS PRODUCING THE GUST FRONT WERE PRODUCING BRIEF VERY
HEAVY RAINS AND WINDS OF 40 MPH.

THE STORMS AFFECTING MUCH OF SOUTH CENTRAL WISCONSIN...ARE EXPECTED
TO PUSH ACROSS MUCH OF SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN DURING THE EARLY MORNING
HOURS.

HENTZ

Special weather statement, Jun 30, 2:18 AM CDT, 24 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
218 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

WIZ046-047-051-052-056>060-062>072-300912-
COLUMBIA-DANE-DODGE-FOND DU LAC-GREEN-GREEN LAKE-IOWA-JEFFERSON-
KENOSHA-LAFAYETTE-MARQUETTE-MILWAUKEE-OZAUKEE-RACINE-ROCK-SAUK-
SHEBOYGAN-WALWORTH-WASHINGTON-WAUKESHA-
218 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 AM CDT FOR SOUTH
CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN...

CLUSTERS OF POTENTIALLY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE MOVING
EASTWARD AT 40 MPH ACROSS SOUTHERN WISCONSIN DURING THE EARLY MORNING
HOURS.

AT 215 AM THE LEADING EDGE OF THE GUST FRONT AHEAD OF THE
STORMS EXTENDED FROM SHEBOYGAN COUNTY TO NEAR OCONOMOWOC TO NEAR
JANESVILLE.

THE STORMS PRODUCING THE GUST FRONT WERE JUST WEST OF THE GUST
FRONT...PRODUCING BRIEF VERY HEAVY RAINS AND WINDS OF 40 MPH.

THE STORMS WERE EXITING AREAS WEST OF MADISON.  THUNDERSTORMS ARE
EXPECTED TO REACH THE MILWAUKEE AREA AROUND 330 AM.

HENTZ

Local storm report, Jun 30, 2:24 AM CDT, 18 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
224 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0211 AM     HAIL             1 SE ORFORDVILLE        42.62N 89.24W
06/30/2005  0.50 INCH        ROCK               WI   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

PJS

Local storm report, Jun 30, 2:27 AM CDT, 15 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
227 AM CDT THU JUN 30 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0225 AM     HAIL             1 W LAKE MILLS          43.07N 88.93W
06/30/2005  0.25 INCH        JEFFERSON          WI   PUBLIC

&&

PJS

The office that day

Everything else NWS Milwaukee, WI issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jun 29, 11:44 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Iowa, Sauk	64 min
Jun 30, 12:18 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Columbia, Marquette	44 min
Jun 30, 12:42 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Iowa, Lafayette	53 min
Jun 30, 12:52 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Columbia, Green Lake	41 min
Jun 30, 2:51 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Rock, Walworth	41 min
Jun 30, 4:01 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Rock	21 min
Jun 30, 4:08 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Walworth	40 min
Jun 30, 4:35 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Waukesha	27 min
Jun 30, 4:47 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Milwaukee	25 min
Jun 30, 4:48 AM CDT	Special Marine Warning	MKX		87 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Wisconsin, 2005 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2005

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.