Alert archive / Mississippi / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2005

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 100, NWS Memphis, TN

April 29, 2005Coahoma County, Quitman County, Tunica County, Mississippi

NWS Memphis, TN issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 29, 2005, 7:27 PM CDT for Coahoma County, Quitman County, Tunica County, Mississippi. It was in force for 33 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued: Apr 29, 2005, 7:27 PM CDT (00:27 UTC)
Expired: Apr 29, 2005, 8:00 PM CDT
In force: 33 min
Issued by: NWS Memphis, TN
Area: Counties, with a storm outline in the text

Counties Coahoma County, MS, Quitman County, MS, Tunica County, MS

The radar

The Memphis radar (KNQA), 119 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 00:29 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Apr 29, 3:35 PM CDT	Tornado Watch	SPC	7 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Little Rock, AR (KLZK), launched 00:00Z, 0.5 hours before the alert went out and 66 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 473 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 66 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 61 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 166 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.5

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Memphis, TN wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 29, 2:48 PM CDT, 4 hours 39 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 29, 2:48 PM CDT, 4 hours 39 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
248 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

.DISCUSSION...01Z SURFACE ANALYSIS PLACES CENTER OF LOW PRESSURE
ACROSS COAHOMA COUNTY MISSISSIPPI WITH TRAILING COLD FRONT ACROSS
SOUTHEAST ARKANSAS. MAIN SHORT TERM CONCERN IS SEVERE WEATHER
POTENTIAL. RUC/12KM NAM MODEL ANALYSIS SUGGESTS THAT COLD FRONT WILL
MOVE TOWARDS MISSISSIPPI/ALABAMA BORDER BY 6Z. THREE HOUR PRESSURE
CHANGES FINALLY STARTING TO SHOW EASTWARD MOVEMENT OF LOW. BEST
INSTABILITY...THOUGH WEAK REMAINS ACROSS NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI WITH
500-600 J/KG SURFACE BASED CAPE...LI/S AROUND -3 AND 0-6 KM BULK
SHEAR VALUES AROUND 60 KTS...AND MLCAPES AROUND 1500 J/KG.
ENVIRONMENT MENTIONED ABOVE STILL SUPPORTIVE OF SEVERE POTENTIAL
WITH A NEW WATCH TO AFFECT PORTIONS OF NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI UNTIL 5
AM CDT SATURDAY. IN ADDITION WILL MAKE SOME ADJUSTMENTS TO ARKANSAS
ZONES BASED ON CURRENT TRENDS.

UPDATED GRIDS WILL BE OUT SHORTLY.

CJC

.PREV DISCUSSION...ISSUED 248 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

FRONTAL BOUNDARY HAS BEGUN TO LIFT NORTH A LITTLE IN THE LAST COUPLE
OF HOURS IN RESPONSE TO THE STRENGTHENING SURFACE LOW NOW LOCATED
JUST NORTH OF TEXARKANA. ALL OF THE THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY THAT HAS
DEVELOPED SO FAR HAS BEEN ALONG AND NORTH OF THE FRONT. EVENTUALLY
THERE SHOULD BE SOME THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT SOUTH OF THE FRONT AND
ANY OF THESE STORMS SHOULD HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE AT LEAST SEVERE
IF NOT TORNADIC. THERE MAY ALSO BE LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL ALONG THE
FRONT AS WELL. FRONT WILL MOVE EAST OF THE FORECAST AREA BY 12Z SO
HAVE LEFT SATURDAY FORECAST DRY. THE WEEKEND SHOULD REMAIN DRY AS
HIGH PRESSURE HANGS IN OVER THE REGION. BY MONDAY NIGHT FRONTAL
BOUNDARY BEGINS TO SHIFT BACK NORTH AND STALL OUT NEAR THE FORECAST
AREA AND SHOULD BE CLOSE ENOUGH THAT WE WILL HAVE A RISK OF SHOWERS
AND THUNDERSTORMS FROM MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY.

&&

.MEG WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
AR...NONE.
MO...NONE.
MS...NONE.
TN...NONE.
&&

Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 29, 3:14 PM CDT, 4 hours 13 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
314 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

ARZ008-009-017-018-026>028-035-036-048-049-058-MOZ113-115-MSZ001>017-
020>024-TNZ001>004-019>021-048>055-088>092-301100-
ALCORN-BENTON-CALHOUN-CARROLL-CHESTER-CHICKASAW-CLAY-COAHOMA-
CRAIGHEAD-CRITTENDEN-CROCKETT-CROSS-DECATUR-DESOTO-DUNKLIN-DYER-
FAYETTE-GIBSON-GREENE-HARDEMAN-HARDIN-HAYWOOD-HENDERSON-HENRY-
ITAWAMBA-LAFAYETTE-LAKE-LAUDERDALE-LAWRENCE-LEE(AR)-LEE(MS)-MADISON-
MARSHALL-MCNAIRY-MISSISSIPPI-MONROE-OBION-PANOLA-PEMISCOT-PHILLIPS-
POINSETT-PONTOTOC-PRENTISS-QUITMAN-RANDOLPH-SHELBY-ST. FRANCIS-
TALLAHATCHIE-TATE-TIPPAH-TIPTON-TISHOMINGO-TUNICA-UNION-WEAKLEY-
YALOBUSHA-
314 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHEAST ARKANSAS...NORTH
MISSISSIPPI...WEST TENNESSEE AND THE MISSOURI BOOTHEEL.

.DAY ONE...

THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE MAJORITY
OF THE MID SOUTH. THE MODERATE RISK AREA IS GENERALLY ALONG AND
SOUTH OF I-40.

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE REMAINDER OF
THE MID SOUTH.

A STRONG UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCE AND ASSOCIATED LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
WILL MOVE INTO THE MID SOUTH TONIGHT. ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORMS WILL
DEVELOP AND PERSIST INTO THE LATE EVENING HOURS. SOME THUNDERSTORMS
WILL BE SEVERE WITH LARGE HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS AND TORNADOES BEING
THE MAIN THREAT. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WILL ALSO BE POSSIBLE WITH
THESE STORMS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

STORM SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ACTIVATION IS REQUESTED.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Apr 29, 5:03 PM CDT, 2 hours 24 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT ... SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
503 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0310 PM     HAIL             CARAWAY                 35.76N 90.33W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        CRAIGHEAD          AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

0320 PM     HAIL             2 N THREE WAY           35.73N 90.25W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   POST OFFICE

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED AT THE ETOWAH POST OFFICE

0337 PM     HAIL             LUXORA                  35.76N 89.93W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            SHERIFF OFFICE IN LUXORA REPORTED QUARTER SIZE HAIL

0342 PM     HAIL             WEINER                  35.62N 90.90W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            QUARTER TO GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL CAUSING VEHICLE DAMAGE

0410 PM     HAIL             3 N RIPLEY              35.79N 89.53W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        LAUDERDALE         TN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL

0427 PM     HAIL             FISHER                  35.49N 90.97W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL COVERING THE GROUND

0435 PM     HAIL             4 SE FRIENDSHIP         35.87N 89.19W
04/29/2005  0.75 INCH        CROCKETT           TN   PUBLIC

            PENNY SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE TOWN OF CROCKETT MILLS

0502 PM     HAIL             MARKED TREE             35.53N 90.42W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        POINSETT           AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED BY MARKED TREE POLICE DEPT

&&

JFB

Local storm report, Apr 29, 5:19 PM CDT, 2 hours 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT ... SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
519 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0310 PM     HAIL             CARAWAY                 35.76N 90.33W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        CRAIGHEAD          AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

0320 PM     HAIL             2 N THREE WAY           35.73N 90.25W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   POST OFFICE

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED AT THE ETOWAH POST OFFICE

0337 PM     HAIL             LUXORA                  35.76N 89.93W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            SHERIFF OFFICE IN LUXORA REPORTED QUARTER SIZE HAIL

0342 PM     HAIL             WEINER                  35.62N 90.90W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            QUARTER TO GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL CAUSING VEHICLE DAMAGE

0410 PM     HAIL             3 N RIPLEY              35.79N 89.53W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        LAUDERDALE         TN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL

0427 PM     HAIL             FISHER                  35.49N 90.97W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL COVERING THE GROUND

0435 PM     HAIL             4 SE FRIENDSHIP         35.87N 89.19W
04/29/2005  0.75 INCH        CROCKETT           TN   PUBLIC

            PENNY SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE TOWN OF CROCKETT MILLS

0502 PM     HAIL             MARKED TREE             35.53N 90.42W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        POINSETT           AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED BY MARKED TREE POLICE DEPT

0517 PM     HAIL             DYESS                   35.59N 90.21W
04/29/2005  0.75 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

JFB

Local storm report, Apr 29, 5:43 PM CDT, 1 hour 44 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT ... SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
543 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0310 PM     HAIL             CARAWAY                 35.76N 90.33W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        CRAIGHEAD          AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

0320 PM     HAIL             2 N THREE WAY           35.73N 90.25W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   POST OFFICE

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED AT THE ETOWAH POST OFFICE

0337 PM     HAIL             LUXORA                  35.76N 89.93W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            SHERIFF OFFICE IN LUXORA REPORTED QUARTER SIZE HAIL

0342 PM     HAIL             WEINER                  35.62N 90.90W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            QUARTER TO GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL CAUSING VEHICLE DAMAGE

0410 PM     HAIL             3 N RIPLEY              35.79N 89.53W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        LAUDERDALE         TN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL

0427 PM     HAIL             FISHER                  35.49N 90.97W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL COVERING THE GROUND

0435 PM     HAIL             4 SE FRIENDSHIP         35.87N 89.19W
04/29/2005  0.75 INCH        CROCKETT           TN   PUBLIC

            PENNY SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE TOWN OF CROCKETT MILLS

0502 PM     HAIL             MARKED TREE             35.53N 90.42W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        POINSETT           AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED BY MARKED TREE POLICE DEPT

0517 PM     HAIL             DYESS                   35.59N 90.21W
04/29/2005  0.75 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   AMATEUR RADIO

0542 PM     HAIL             GILT EDGE               35.53N 89.83W
04/29/2005  2.75 INCH        TIPTON             TN   TRAINED SPOTTER

            GOLF BALL TO BASEBALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED

&&

JFB

Local storm report, Apr 29, 5:49 PM CDT, 1 hour 38 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT ... SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
549 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0310 PM     HAIL             CARAWAY                 35.76N 90.33W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        CRAIGHEAD          AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

0320 PM     HAIL             2 N THREE WAY           35.73N 90.25W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   POST OFFICE

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED AT THE ETOWAH POST OFFICE

0337 PM     HAIL             LUXORA                  35.76N 89.93W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            SHERIFF OFFICE IN LUXORA REPORTED QUARTER SIZE HAIL

0342 PM     HAIL             WEINER                  35.62N 90.90W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            QUARTER TO GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL CAUSING VEHICLE DAMAGE

0410 PM     HAIL             3 N RIPLEY              35.79N 89.53W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        LAUDERDALE         TN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL

0427 PM     HAIL             FISHER                  35.49N 90.97W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL COVERING THE GROUND

0435 PM     HAIL             4 SE FRIENDSHIP         35.87N 89.19W
04/29/2005  0.75 INCH        CROCKETT           TN   PUBLIC

            PENNY SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE TOWN OF CROCKETT MILLS

0502 PM     HAIL             MARKED TREE             35.53N 90.42W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        POINSETT           AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED BY MARKED TREE POLICE DEPT

0517 PM     HAIL             DYESS                   35.59N 90.21W
04/29/2005  0.75 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   AMATEUR RADIO

0542 PM     HAIL             GILT EDGE               35.53N 89.83W
04/29/2005  2.75 INCH        TIPTON             TN   TRAINED SPOTTER

            GOLF BALL TO BASEBALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED

0547 PM     HAIL             2 W COVINGTON           35.57N 89.68W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        TIPTON             TN   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

JFB

Local storm report, Apr 29, 5:54 PM CDT, 1 hour 33 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT ... SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
554 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0310 PM     HAIL             CARAWAY                 35.76N 90.33W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        CRAIGHEAD          AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

0320 PM     HAIL             2 N THREE WAY           35.73N 90.25W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   POST OFFICE

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED AT THE ETOWAH POST OFFICE

0337 PM     HAIL             LUXORA                  35.76N 89.93W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            SHERIFF OFFICE IN LUXORA REPORTED QUARTER SIZE HAIL

0342 PM     HAIL             WEINER                  35.62N 90.90W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            QUARTER TO GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL CAUSING VEHICLE DAMAGE

0410 PM     HAIL             3 N RIPLEY              35.79N 89.53W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        LAUDERDALE         TN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL

0427 PM     HAIL             FISHER                  35.49N 90.97W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        POINSETT           AR   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

            GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL COVERING THE GROUND

0435 PM     HAIL             4 SE FRIENDSHIP         35.87N 89.19W
04/29/2005  0.75 INCH        CROCKETT           TN   PUBLIC

            PENNY SIZE HAIL REPORTED IN THE TOWN OF CROCKETT MILLS

0502 PM     HAIL             MARKED TREE             35.53N 90.42W
04/29/2005  1.00 INCH        POINSETT           AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED BY MARKED TREE POLICE DEPT

0517 PM     HAIL             DYESS                   35.59N 90.21W
04/29/2005  0.75 INCH        MISSISSIPPI        AR   AMATEUR RADIO

0542 PM     HAIL             GILT EDGE               35.53N 89.83W
04/29/2005  2.75 INCH        TIPTON             TN   TRAINED SPOTTER

            GOLF BALL TO BASEBALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED

0547 PM     HAIL             2 W COVINGTON           35.57N 89.68W
04/29/2005  1.75 INCH        TIPTON             TN   TRAINED SPOTTER

0552 PM     HAIL             2 W COVINGTON           35.57N 89.68W
04/29/2005  1.25 INCH        TIPTON             TN   PUBLIC

            QUARTER TO HALF DOLLAR SIZE HAIL CAUSING VEHICLE DAMAGE

&&

JFB

Special weather statement, Apr 29, 6:04 PM CDT, 1 hour 23 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN
604 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

ARZ036-TNZ049-088-292315-

CRITTENDEN AR-SHELBY TN-TIPTON TN-
604 PM CDT FRI APR 29 2005

THIS SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY IS FOR...CRITTENDEN...SHELBY AND
TIPTON COUNTIES.

A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED 4 MILES SOUTHEAST OF TURRELL AT 604
PM CDT...MOVING EAST AT 50 MPH.

THIS STORM IS INTENSIFYING AND COULD BECOME SEVERE RAPIDLY.

PEOPLE IN CRITTENDEN...SHELBY AND TIPTON COUNTIES...INCLUDING THE
CITIES OF MILLINGTON AND TURRELL...SHOULD MONITOR THIS STORM CLOSELY.

The office that day

Everything else NWS Memphis, TN issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Apr 29, 8:23 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	MEG	Panola	37 min
Apr 29, 8:53 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	MEG	Lafayette	37 min
Apr 29, 9:15 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	MEG	Tate	2 hr
Apr 30, 12:29 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MEG	Monroe	46 min
Apr 30, 12:51 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	MEG	Monroe	28 min
Apr 29, 7:11 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MEG	Dyer	17 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Mississippi, 2005 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2005

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.