Alert archive / Kansas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2005

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 17, NWS Wichita, KS

April 20, 2005Lincoln County, Russell County, Kansas

NWS Wichita, KS issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 20, 2005, 9:01 PM CDT for Lincoln County, Russell County, Kansas. It was in force for 59 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Apr 20, 2005, 9:01 PM CDT (02:01 UTC)
Expired: Apr 20, 2005, 10:00 PM CDT
In force: 59 min
Issued by: NWS Wichita, KS
Area: Counties, with a storm outline in the text

Counties Lincoln County, KS, Russell County, KS

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Dodge City, (KDDC), launched 00:00Z, 2.0 hours before the alert went out and 185 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 3565 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 30 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 50 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 154 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS53 KICT 210201
SVRICT
KSC105-167-210300-
/O.NEW.KICT.SV.W.0017.050421T0201Z-050421T0300Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
901 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN WICHITA HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHEASTERN RUSSELL COUNTY IN CENTRAL KANSAS.
  WESTERN LINCOLN COUNTY IN CENTRAL KANSAS.

* UNTIL 1000 PM CDT.

* AT 857 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM 7 MILES EAST OF BUNKER HILL...OR ABOUT 15 MILES
  EAST OF RUSSELL...MOVING NORTH AT 15 MPH.

* LOCATIONS WITHIN THE WARNING INCLUDE...
  ASH GROVE...BUNKER HILL...LUCAS...LURAY...SYLVAN GROVE

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING
  DAMAGING HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF GOLFBALLS...

LAT...LON 3887 9871 3888 9833 3920 9830 3920 9847
      3912 9847 3912 9874

$$

/KETCHAM

3 follow-up statements

000 
WWUS53 KICT 210218
SVSICT

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
915 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

KSC105-167-210300-
/O.CON.KICT.SV.W.0017.000000T0000Z-050421T0300Z/
LINCOLN KS-RUSSELL KS-
915 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING CONTINUES FOR NORTHEASTERN RUSSELL
AND WESTERN LINCOLN COUNTIES UNTIL 1000 PM CDT...

AT 911 PM CDT...TRAINED WEATHER SPOTTERS REPORTED A SEVERE
THUNDERSTORM PRODUCING GOLF BALL SIZE DAMAGING HAIL.  THIS STORM WAS
LOCATED 6 MILES SOUTH OF LUCAS...OR 18 MILES EAST OF RUSSELL...AND
MOVING NORTHEAST AT 10 MPH.

ANOTHER SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED NEAR SYLVAN GROVE IN LINCOLN 
COUNTY. YET, ANOTHER SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS DEVELOPING RAPIDLY JUST 
NORTH OF BUNKER HILL IN RUSSELL COUNTY.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE...
  NEAR LUCAS BY  935 PM CDT.
  5 MILES NORTHWEST OF SYLVAN GROVE BY  940 PM CDT.

LAT...LON 3887 9871 3888 9833 3920 9830 3920 9847
      3912 9847 3912 9874

$$

/SEDLOCK

000 
WWUS53 KICT 210234
SVSICT

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
932 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

KSC105-167-210300-
/O.CON.KICT.SV.W.0017.000000T0000Z-050421T0300Z/
LINCOLN KS-RUSSELL KS-
932 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING CONTINUES FOR NORTHEASTERN RUSSELL
AND WESTERN LINCOLN COUNTIES UNTIL 1000 PM CDT...

AT 928 PM CDT...TRAINED WEATHER SPOTTERS REPORTED A SEVERE
THUNDERSTORM PRODUCING GOLF BALL SIZE DAMAGING HAIL.  THIS STORM WAS
LOCATED NEAR LUCAS...OR 18 MILES NORTHEAST OF RUSSELL...AND MOVING
NORTHEAST AT 25 MPH.

A SECOND STRONG THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED JUST SOUTH OF ASH GROVE IN 
LINCOLN COUNTY. THIS STORM WAS MOVING NORTHEAST AT 25 MPH.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE...
  NEAR LUCAS BY  935 PM CDT.

HAIL UP TO GOLFBALL SIZE HAS BEEN REPORTED IN WITH THIS STORM. IF 
YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF THE STORM...TAKE IMMEDIATE ACTION TO PROTECT 
LIFE AND PROPERTY.

LAT...LON 3887 9871 3888 9833 3920 9830 3920 9847
      3912 9847 3912 9874

$$

/SEDLOCK

000 
WWUS53 KICT 210256
SVSICT

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
957 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

KSC105-167-210307-
/O.EXP.KICT.SV.W.0017.000000T0000Z-050421T0300Z/
LINCOLN KS-RUSSELL KS-
957 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHEASTERN RUSSELL AND
WESTERN LINCOLN COUNTIES HAS BEEN ALLOWED TO EXPIRE...

AT 955 PM CDT...WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED THAT THE
THUNDERSTORMS WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAVE MOVED OUT OF THE AREA.
THEREFORE...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING HAS BEEN ALLOWED TO
EXPIRE.

SVR/TOR WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT SHOW EXP.NE.CON

LAT...LON 3887 9871 3888 9833 3920 9830 3920 9847
      3912 9847 3912 9874

$$

/SEDLOCK

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Wichita, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 20, 4:58 PM CDT, 4 hours 3 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 20, 4:58 PM CDT, 4 hours 3 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
458 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

.MESO UPDATE...

DRYLINE NOW APPEARS TO BE RETREATING TO THE WEST VIA LATEST RADAR
AND SATELLITE TRENDS. IF THIS CONTINUES THEN OUR SMALL WATCH AREA
FOR SOUTH CENTRAL KS WILL LIKELY BE CANCELED EARLY, AS STORMS WILL
HAVE A DIFFICULT TIME SURVIVING EAST OF THE WESTWARD RETREATING
DRYLINE. THIS DRYLINE ACTIVITY SHOULD DIMINISH A HOUR OR TWO AFTER
SUNSET AS BOUNDARY LAYER COOLS FROM LOSS OF DAYTIME HEATING. WE WILL
CONTINUE TO MONITOR TRENDS IN THIS AREA.

15/JAKUB

--------------------------------------------------------------------
329 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

.PREVIOUS DISCUSSION...

TONIGHT
WATER VAPOR IMAGERY SHOWS A COUPLE WAVES MOVING THROUGH THE
SOUTHWEST UPPER FLOW REGIME THAT WERE SAMPLED NICELY BY PROFILER
NETWORK. WAVE ONE WAS MOVING ACROSS W TEXAS WITH SECOND MORE
VIGOROUS WAVE MOVING EAST INTO THE FOUR CORNERS REGION. WAVE ONE
MOVING ACROSS W TEXAS HAS CAUSED SURFACE WINDS TO BACK SOME WHICH
SHOULD INCREASE THE MOISTURE CONVERGENCE ALONG THE DRYLINE FOR LATE
THIS AFTERNOON INTO THE EVENING HRS. THE DRYLINE CURRENTLY EXTENDS
FROM PRATT SOUTHWESTWARD INTO THE TX PANHANDLE. OUR LOCAL
WORKSTATION ETA MODEL INDICATES SOME ISOLATED TO WIDELY SCATTERED
CONVECTION DEVELOPING ALONG THE DRYLINE WHICH LOOKS PLAUSIBLE, AS
LATEST VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWS SOME CUMULUS DEVELOPMENT
ALONG THE DRYLINE. ANY DRYLINE ACTIVITY WILL HAVE A DECENT CHANCE OF
REACHING SEVERE LIMITS AS INSTABILITY IS HIGHER TDY COMPARED TO
YESTERDAY. RUC MODEL SHOWS A WEAKNESS IN THE CAP OVER SOUTH CENTRAL
KS, SO IF STORMS CAN DEVELOP THEY WILL HAVE THE BEST SURVIVAL CHANCE
IN THAT AREA. ANY ACTIVITY THAT DEVELOPS SHOULD DIMINISH A FEW HRS
AFTER SUNSET AS BOUNDARY LAYER COOLS.

THE SECOND MORE VIGOROUS WAVE WILL MOVE INTO EASTERN COLORADO
TONIGHT. THIS WILL CAUSE STRONG ISENTROPIC LIFT TO OCCUR AS LOW
LEVEL JET INCREASES. LOOKS LIKE CONVECTION WILL START OUT IN
SOUTHWESTERN NEBRASKA THIS EVENING, THEN QUICKLY SPREAD
EAST/SOUTHEAST ALONG THE 850MB FRONTAL BOUNDARY IN NORTHERN KS
OVERNIGHT. WILL CARRY HIGHEST POPS IN NORTHERN SECTIONS OF CWA WHICH
SHOULD BE CLOSER TO 850MB BOUNDARY. COULD SEE SOME CONVECTION
DEVELOP A BIT FURTHER SOUTH IN CONJUNCTION WITH STRONG ISENTROPIC
LIFT ALONG 310K GRADIENT.

THUR-FRI
WE SHOULD SEE LOW CLOUDS AGAIN EARLY IN THE MORNING ON THUR BUT THEY
SHOULD QUICKLY ERODE FROM WEST TO EAST, AS WESTERLY FLOW IN THE LOW
LEVELS PUSHES DRIER AIR IN FROM WESTERN KS. PRECIP CHANCES WILL BE
HIGHER ACROSS EASTERN KS THURSDAY WHERE DEEPER MOISTURE WILL
RESIDE. AS A RESULT, SEVERE WEATHER CHANCES WILL BE SHIFTED EAST
ACCORDINGLY. HEADING INTO FRIDAY THE UPPER LEVEL WAVE WILL BE
POSITIONED OVER NORTHEAST KS EARLY IN MORNING, BUT THEN SHOULD BE
SHUNTED SOUTHEAST AS A KICKER SYSTEM DIVES SOUTH ACROSS THE NORTHERN
PLAINS. WE WILL HOLD ONTO SOME SMALL RAIN SHOWER CHANCES FOR FRIDAY
AS MID LEVEL MOISTURE COULD BE SQUEEZED OUT. FRI TEMPS WILL BE SOME
15-20 DEGREES COOLER COMPARED TO TDYS VALUES WITH BREEZY NORTH WINDS
SETTING UP OVER REGION.

SAT
COOL SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE WILL BE OVER THE AREA WITH TEMPS COMING
IN COOLER THAN AVERAGE FOR DAYTIME HIGHS, AND PLENTY OF SUNSHINE
EXPECTED.

EXTENDED: SUN-WED
NEXT SYSTEM SLATED TO AFFECT KS ON MONDAY WITH TEMPS COOLING OFF A
BIT THERE AFTER.

DEEP TROUGH AXIS CURRENTLY LOCATED ALONG 140W IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC
WILL DEVELOP A CLOSED SYSTEM OFF THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA, WHICH
SHOULD THEN TRAVERSE EAST ACROSS THE ROCKIES COME SUNDAY. WILL KEEP
GOING POPS FOR LATE SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY AS SYSTEM APPROACHES,
AND STAY WITH OUR DRY CONDITIONS FOR TUES/WED TIME FRAME AT THIS
JUNCTURE.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
WICHITA-KICT    63  80  49  64 /  20  20  10  20
HUTCHINSON      62  78  47  62 /  30  20  10  20
NEWTON          63  79  48  62 /  30  30  10  20
ELDORADO        63  80  49  63 /  30  30  10  20
WINFIELD-KWLD   63  81  50  65 /  20  20  10  20
RUSSELL         59  75  43  59 /  30  20  20  20
GREAT BEND      59  76  44  60 /  30  20  10  20
SALINA          61  77  46  59 /  40  30  20  20
MCPHERSON       61  78  47  61 /  30  20  10  20
COFFEYVILLE     63  81  52  65 /  20  30  30  20
CHANUTE         63  80  51  63 /  30  30  30  20
IOLA            63  80  50  62 /  30  40  30  20

&&

.ICT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...NONE.

&&

15/JAKUB

Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 20, 4:02 PM CDT, 4 hours 59 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
402 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

KSZ032-033-047>053-067>072-082-083-091>096-098>100-211200-
RUSSELL-LINCOLN-BARTON-ELLSWORTH-SALINE-RICE-MCPHERSON-MARION-CHASE-
RENO-HARVEY-BUTLER-GREENWOOD-WOODSON-ALLEN-KINGMAN-SEDGWICK-HARPER-
SUMNER-COWLEY-ELK-WILSON-NEOSHO-CHAUTAUQUA-MONTGOMERY-LABETTE-
402 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST KANSAS.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

ISOLATED STRONG TO SEVERE STORM COULD DEVELOP ALONG THE DRYLINE, AND
AFFECT PORTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL KANSAS THIS EVENING. THE AREAS
GREATEST AT RISK WILL BE FOR LOCATIONS WEST OF A HUTCHINSON, TO
ARGONIA LINE. IF STORMS CAN MOVE INTO THIS AREA, LARGE HAIL WOULD BE
THE MAIN SEVERE WEATHER THREAT. MEANWHILE, ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORMS
ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP ACROSS NORTHERN KANSAS LATER THIS EVENING,
AND COULD MOVE ACROSS MUCH OF THE AREA OVERNIGHT. SOME OF THIS
ACTIVITY COULD REACH SEVERE LIMITS WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING
WINDS POSSIBLY AFFECTING CENTRAL KANSAS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY

THUNDERSTORMS MAY LINGER INTO THURSDAY MORNING, GENERALLY EAST OF
I-35.  THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO REDEVELOP DURING THE AFTERNOON
ALONG THE DRYLINE AND SWEEP ACROSS SOUTHEAST KANSAS DURING THE
AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING.  SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE MOST LIKELY
EAST OF I-35.  THE PRIMARY THREATS WILL BE LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING
WINDS.  HOWEVER AN ISOLATED TORNADO IS POSSIBLE BEFORE THE STORMS
DEVELOP INTO A LINE.  THUNDERSTORMS ARE ALSO IN THE FORECAST FROM
SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY.  IT IS TOO EARLY TO SPECULATE ON HOW
STRONG THESE STORMS MIGHT BE.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
THERE IS A SMALL CHANCE THAT SPOTTER ACTIVATION WOULD BE NEEDED THIS
EVENING, WEST OF A LINE FROM HUTCHINSON TO ARGONIA.

&&

FOR A GRAPHICAL VERSION OF THIS INFORMATION, SEE OUR
WEBPAGE AT (LOWERCASE) HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/WICHITA/HWO/HWOICT.HTM

HOWERTON/JAKUB

In the hours before

Local storm report, Apr 20, 8:04 PM CDT, 57 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
804 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0749 PM     HAIL             1 N GREAT BEND          38.38N 98.81W
04/20/2005  1.00 INCH        BARTON             KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

            VEHICLE DAMAGE AT 10TH AND FRY RD.

0755 PM     HAIL             5 NE GREAT BEND         38.41N 98.74W
04/20/2005  1.75 INCH        BARTON             KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

BRW

Special weather statement, Apr 20, 8:25 PM CDT, 36 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
825 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

KSZ067-082-210200-
KINGMAN-RENO-
825 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

...THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN WICHITA HAS ISSUED A SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER ADVISORY FOR KINGMAN AND RENO COUNTIES...

AT 822 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A
STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR PENALOSA...OR 11 MILES NORTHWEST OF
KINGMAN...AND MOVING NORTHEAST AT 25 MPH.

A SECOND AREA OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL MOVE INTO WESTERN KINGMAN
COUNTY AFTER 830 PM CDT. THESE STORMS WERE ALSO MOVING NORTHEAST AT
25 MPH.

PENNY TO NICKEL SIZE HAIL...AND WINDS OF 40 TO 50 MPH ARE EXPECTED
WITH THESE STORM.

BE PREPARED TO TAKE SHELTER IN THE EVENT THESE STORMS INTENSIFY AND
BECOME SEVERE, OR A WARNING IS ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE.

/SEDLOCK

Local storm report, Apr 20, 8:29 PM CDT, 32 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
829 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0806 PM     HAIL             5 SW HOISINGTON         38.46N 98.84W
04/20/2005  1.75 INCH        BARTON             KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

BRW

Local storm report, Apr 20, 8:35 PM CDT, 26 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
835 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0835 PM     HAIL             2 S HOISINGTON          38.49N 98.78W
04/20/2005  0.25 INCH        BARTON             KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

BRW

Local storm report, Apr 20, 8:46 PM CDT, 15 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
846 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0844 PM     HAIL             N NASHVILLE             37.44N 98.43W
04/20/2005  0.88 INCH        KINGMAN            KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

BRW

Local storm report, Apr 20, 9:00 PM CDT, 1 minute before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WICHITA KS
900 PM CDT WED APR 20 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0900 PM     HAIL             4 SE WILSON             38.79N 98.42W
04/20/2005  1.25 INCH        ELLSWORTH          KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

BRW

The office that day

Everything else NWS Wichita, KS issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Apr 20, 7:33 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Barton	57 min
Apr 20, 8:28 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Barton, Ellsworth	62 min
Apr 20, 8:44 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Reno	61 min
Apr 20, 10:05 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Harper	55 min
Apr 20, 10:10 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Harvey	50 min
Apr 20, 10:40 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Sumner	65 min
Apr 21, 5:13 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Neosho	62 min
Apr 21, 5:28 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	ICT	Labette	32 min
Apr 21, 5:54 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	ICT	Neosho	51 min
Apr 21, 6:27 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	ICT	Labette	33 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Kansas, 2005 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2005

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.