Alert archive / South Carolina / Flash Flood Warnings in 2005

Flash Flood Warning 63, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC

July 28, 2005Oconee County, South Carolina

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this flash flood warning at Jul 28, 2005, 7:50 PM EDT for Oconee County, South Carolina. It was in force for 3 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Jul 28, 2005, 7:50 PM EDT (23:50 UTC)
Expired: Jul 28, 2005, 10:45 PM EDT
In force: 3 hr
Issued by: NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
Area: Counties, with a storm outline in the text

County Oconee County, SC

The radar

The Greer radar (KGSP), 77 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:53 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this flash flood warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Peachtre/Fal Fld, GA (KFFC), launched 12:00Z, 11.8 hours before the alert went out and 201 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 555 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -88 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1102 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 14 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 13 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 49 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WGUS52 KGSP 282349
FFWGSP
SCC073-290245-

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
750 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG HAS ISSUED A

* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  OCONEE COUNTY IN UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA

* UNTIL 1045 PM EDT

* AT 750 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED   
  FLASH FLOODING FROM SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS IS LIKELY OVER THE   
  WARNED AREA.

  A LINE OF THUNDERSTORMS... SOME POSSIBLY PRODUCING LARGE HAIL AND  
  DAMAGING WIND... WILL MOVE FROM WEST TO EAST ACROSS OCONEE         
  COUNTY THIS EVENING.  THIS WILL COMBINE WITH A NEARLY STATIONARY   
  LINE OF SHOWERS WITH HEAVY RAIN THAT HAS FORMED ALONG THE EASTERN  
  SLOPES OF THE MOUNTAINS.  

EXCESSIVE RUNOFF FROM THIS STORM WILL CAUSE FLASH FLOODING OF CREEKS
AND STREAMS...ROADS AND ROADSIDE CULVERTS. THE HEAVY RAINS COULD ALSO
TRIGGER ROCK AND MUDSLIDES IN STEEP TERRAIN.

DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE
ROADWAY. THE WATER DEPTH MAY BE TOO GREAT TO ALLOW YOUR CAR TO CROSS
SAFELY. VEHICLES CAUGHT IN RISING WATER SHOULD BE ABANDONED QUICKLY.
MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND. EVEN MODERN SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES CANNOT BE
SAFELY DRIVEN THROUGH FLOOD WATERS.

A FLASH FLOOD WARNING MEANS THAT FLOODING IS IMMINENT. IT IS
IMPORTANT TO KNOW WHERE YOU ARE RELATIVE TO STREAMS...RIVERS...OR
CREEKS WHICH CAN BECOME KILLERS IN HEAVY RAINS. CAMPERS SHOULD AVOID
CAMPING ALONG STREAMS OR CREEKS DURING THREATENING RAINS.

LAT...LON 3448 8300 3456 8290 3463 8285 3502 8294
      3498 8308 3487 8322 3471 8333

$$
LGL

2 follow-up statements

000 
WGUS72 KGSP 290053
FFSGSP

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
853 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

SCC073-290245-
OCONEE SC-
853 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES UNTIL 1045 PM EDT FOR OCONEE
COUNTY...

AT 830 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR SHOWED 
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS OVER MOST OF OCONEE COUNTY. THE HEAVIEST 
RAIN WAS BETWEEN SALEM AND WALHALLA AS STORMS MOVED NORTHEAST AT 
AROUND 20 MPH. 

LOCATIONS ALONG AND NORTH OF A LINE FROM LONG CREEK TO WALHALLA TO 
FAIRVIEW RECEIVED BETWEEN 1 AND 2 INCHES OF RAIN SINCE EARLY 
EVENING. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL OF ANOTHER INCH COULD AFFECT THE REGION 
BEFORE THIS BATCH OF HEAVY RAIN MOVES OUT OF THE COUNTY. 

HOWEVER...RADAR INDICATED ADDITIONAL STORMS ACROSS NORTHEAST GEORGIA 
MOVING IN THE DIRECTION OF WESTERN OCONEE COUNTY. THIS CLUSTER OF 
STORMS WILL LIKELY AFFECT LOCATIONS NORTH OF HIGHWAY 11 BETWEEN LONG 
CREEK AND MOUNTAIN REST...A CORRIDOR THAT HAS ALREADY RECEIVED CLOSE 
TO 2 INCHES OF RAIN. 

STREAMS...CREEKS AND SMALLER RIVERS IN WESTERN AND CENTRAL OCONEE 
COUNTY ...AND ESPECIALLY CREEKS IN THE MOUNTAINS...WILL LIKELY 
EXPERIENCE RAPID RISES TO NEAR BANKFULL...AS RUNOFF FROM THE FIRST 
ROUND OF HEAVY RAIN WORKS ITS WAY THROUGH THE COUNTY CREEK BASINS. 
ESPECIALLY SUSCEPTIBLE ARE THE CHAUGA RIVER...BONE CAMP CREEK AND 
CEDAR CREEK.

LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO WALHALLA...
SALEM...MOUNTAIN REST AND LONG CREEK.

BE ESPECIALLY CAUTIOUS AT NIGHT WHEN IT IS HARDER TO RECOGNIZE THE
DANGERS OF FLOODING. IF FLASH FLOODING IS OBSERVED ACT QUICKLY. MOVE
UP TO HIGHER GROUND TO ESCAPE FLOOD WATERS. DO NOT STAY IN AREAS
SUBJECT TO FLOODING WHEN WATER BEGINS RISING.

DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE
ROADWAY. THE WATER DEPTH MAY BE TOO GREAT TO ALLOW YOUR CAR TO CROSS
SAFELY. VEHICLES CAUGHT IN RISING WATER SHOULD BE ABANDONED QUICKLY.
MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND.

LAT...LON 3448 8300 3456 8290 3463 8285 3502 8294
      3498 8308 3487 8322 3471 8333

$$

BURRUS

000 
WGUS72 KGSP 290242
FFSGSP

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1042 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

SCC073-290250-
OCONEE SC-
1040 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

...THE FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR OCONEE COUNTY EXPIRES AT 1045 PM
EDT...

MOST OF THE HEAVY RAIN HAS MOVED EAST OF OCONEE 
COUNTY...HOWEVER...AT 1040 PM EDT WEATHER RADAR SHOWED SOME SHOWERS 
AND STORMS DEVELOPING ONCE AGAIN ACROSS THE COUNTY.  ACCORDING TO 
THE OCONEE COUNTY SHERIFF DEPARTMENT...AN OFFICER REPORTED SOME ROAD 
FLOODING AROUND SALEM EARLIER.  THERE WERE ALSO TREES AND POWERLINES 
DOWNED BY THE WIND EARLIER.

LAT...LON 3448 8300 3456 8290 3463 8285 3502 8294
      3498 8308 3487 8322 3471 8333

$$
JONES

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Jul 28, 2:44 PM EDT, 5 hours 6 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 28, 2:44 PM EDT, 5 hours 6 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
244 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

.SHORT TERM (TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY)...
88D TRENDS THROUGH THE REST OF THE AFTERNOON SHOULD DEPICT
BLOSSOMING CVRG OF DEEP CONVECTION THANKS TO THE COMBINATION OF
DEEPER RH PRESSING IN FROM THE NORTHWEST...A MODERATELY TO VERY
UNSTABLE AIRMASS AND LLVL CONVERGENCE AXIS BISECTING THE CWFA.
WILL CONTINUE TO FCST NUMEROUS TSTM CVRG THROUGH MIDNIGHT.
FOR THE OVERNIGHT HOURS...SHORT RANGE MODELS HAVING TROUBLE
RESOLVING THE DETAILS OF SPECIFIC AREAS OF LIFT...BUT BOTH
THE NAM AND THE GFS HAVE PCPN RESPONSE LINGERING ACRS NC...
SO WILL HANG ONTO LIKELY CVRG THERE AND DROP POP TO SCATTERED
EVERYWHERE ELSE.

ON FRIDAY...CONTINUED UNSETTLED WEATHER LOOKS PROBABLE AS UPPER
TROUGH AXIS DIGS JUST UPSTREAM OF THE CWFA WITH A PRETTY STOUT
AREA OF LARGE SCALE ASCENT AHEAD OF THE TROUGH AXIS. AGAIN...
MODELS LINGER DEEP RH WITHIN THE CWFA AND DECENT AGREEMENT
AMONG NUMERICAL GUIDANCE POP ADVERTISING ANOTHER AFTERNOON/EVENING
WITH NUMEROUS TSTMS.

&&

.LONG TERM (FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY)...
THE UPPER TROUGH AXIS WILL SLOWLY DRIFT TO THE EAST COAST DURING THE
WEEKEND AS THE SURFACE FRONT LINGERS AND GRADUALLY FADES OVER OR
NEAR THE COASTAL PLAIN DURING THE NEXT SEVERAL DAYS.  HIGH
PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES OF OVER TWO INCHES WILL COEXIST WITH THE
FRONT AT LEAST THROUGH THE FIRST HALF OF THE WEEKEND.  A GOOD AREA
OF OMEGA WILL MOVE NORTHEAST NEAR INTERSTATE 85 FRIDAY NIGHT.  AFTER
THAT...NUMEROUS SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE MAINLY CONFINED TO
LOCATIONS SOUTHEAST OF INTERSTATE 85. A FEW INCHES OF RAIN COULD
FALL IN PARTS OF THE CAROLINAS AND GEORGIA DURING THE NEXT FEW DAYS.

IF THE FRONT REMAINS CLOSER TO THE COAST AS EXPECTED AND SLOWLY
DISSIPATE...OUR CHANCES OF RAIN WILL DIMINISH GOING INTO THE
UPCOMING WEEK.  WITH A COOLER AIRMASS AND LOTS OF CLOUDINESS...NO
MORE NEAR RECORD TEMPERATURES FOR A WHILE.  HIGH TEMPERATURES WILL
BE BACK TO NEAR NORMAL BY MID NEXT WEEK.

WE WILL THEN BE WATCHING THE PROGRESS OF THE NEXT TROPICAL SYSTEM
WHICH IS PROJECTED TO APPROACH THE BAHAMAS IN MID WEEK THEN PERHAPS
MOVE WEST WITH HIGH PRESSURE BLOCKING IT FROM GOING NORTH.

&&

.AVIATION...
THE COMBINATION OF DEEPER RH PRESSING IN FROM THE NORTHWEST...A
MODERATELY TO VERY UNSTABLE AIRMASS AND LLVL CONVERGENCE AXIS
BISECTING THE CWFA COINCIDENT WITH SYNOPTIC SCALE FRONT...SHOULD
CONTINUE TO PROMOTE DEEP CONVECTIVE CVRG BECOMING NUMEROUS AND
WILL CARRY AT LEAST TWO TEMPO PERIODS AT ALL TAF LOCATIONS TO
COVER HIGH TSTM PROBABILITIES YET REFLECT TIMING UNCERTAINTY.
AS THE NIGHT WEARS ON...SHORT RANGE MODELS PROGGING BETTER
WAA LIFT NORTH OF FRONT AND WILL HANG ONTO SHOWER CHANCES
FURTHER INTO THE OVERNIGHT FOR MY NC TAFS. AT THIS POINT...
DOES NOT LOOK LIKE ANYTHING WORSE THAT MVFR RESTRICTIONS
DURING THE PRE-DAWN HOURS.

&&

.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...NONE.
NC...NONE.
SC...NONE.
&&

SHORT TERM...CSH
LONG TERM...DEO
AVIATION...CSH

Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 28, 4:10 AM EDT, 15 hours 40 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
410 AM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033>037-048>059-062>072-082-
SCZ001>014-019-290815-
RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-AVERY-CALDWELL-
ALEXANDER-IREDELL-DAVIE-MADISON-YANCEY-MITCHELL-SWAIN-HAYWOOD-
BUNCOMBE-MCDOWELL-BURKE-CATAWBA-ROWAN-GRAHAM-NORTHERN JACKSON-
MACON-SOUTHERN JACKSON-TRANSYLVANIA-HENDERSON-POLK-RUTHERFORD-
CLEVELAND-LINCOLN-GASTON-MECKLENBURG-CABARRUS-UNION NC-
OCONEE MOUNTAINS-PICKENS MOUNTAINS-GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS-
GREATER OCONEE-GREATER PICKENS-GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-
CHEROKEE-YORK-ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE-LAURENS-UNION SC-CHESTER-
GREENWOOD-
410 AM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...
MUCH OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA... AND EXTREME NORTHEAST GEORGIA.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

THERE IS A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS THIS MORNING...THEN
THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY THROUGH THE NIGHT. SOME STORMS COULD
BECOME SEVERE WITH DAMAGING WINDS...ESPECIALLY THIS AFTERNOON AND
EVENING. PERIODS OF HEAVY RAIN ARE ALSO LIKELY AND FLOODING WILL
BE POSSIBLE...ESPECIALLY IN AREAS WHERE CELLS TRAIN OR REDEVELOP
OVER THE SAME AREAS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY

THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY THROUGH SATURDAY...WITH A CHANCE OF
STORMS CONTINUING THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT. PERIODS OF HEAVY RAIN ARE
EXPECTED AND FLOODING WILL BE POSSIBLE INTO THE WEEKEND.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

RB

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 28, 6:57 PM EDT, 53 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
657 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0650 PM     TSTM WND GST     2 S MOORESVILLE         35.55N 80.81W
07/28/2005  67 MPH           IREDELL            NC   AMATEUR RADIO

            113 ROYALTON RD, 1 MILE EAST OF ROCKY ROAD SOUTH OF
            MOORESVILLE.

&&

TJB

Local storm report, Jul 28, 7:13 PM EDT, 37 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
713 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0635 PM     TSTM WND DMG     HARTWELL                34.35N 82.93W
07/28/2005                   HART               GA   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

            TREES DOWN ON POWERLINES ALL OVER HARTWELL.

&&

TJB

Special weather statement, Jul 28, 7:19 PM EDT, 31 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
719 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

GAZ010-017-018-SCZ001-290030-
RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-OCONEE MOUNTAINS-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...CLAYTON...CLARKESVILLE...TOCCOA
719 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

...HEAVY RAINFALL AND POSSIBLY GUSTY WINDS IN PARTS OF EXTREME
NORTHEAST GEORGIA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA...

A SMALL LINE OF SHOWERS AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS MOVING FROM
WEST TO EAST ACROSS SOUTHERN RABUN AND NORTHERN HABERSHAM COUNTIES
IN GEORGIA WILL MOVE INTO WESTERN OCONEE COUNTY SOUTH CAROLINA
BEFORE 745 PM. ANOTHER AREA OF SHOWERS AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS
WAS LOCATED OVER OCONEE COUNTY FROM NORTH OF SALEM WEST TO
MOUNTAIN CITY THEN SOUTH TO JUST EAST OF WALHALLA. THE SHOWERS AND
THUNDERSTORMS MOVING INTO OCONEE COUNTY FROM GEORGIA WILL POSSIBLY
MERGE WITH THE SHOWERS ALREADY IN THE COUNTY TO PRODUCE A PERIOD
OF LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN. EXCESSIVE RAINFALL COULD CAUSE RAPID RISES
IN CREEKS AND STREAMS. STRONG AND GUSTY WINDS ARE ALSO POSSIBLE.

STAY IN TOUCH WITH THE LATEST WEATHER CONDITIONS AND FORECASTS
DURING THE REMAINDER OF THE EVENING.

LGL

Local storm report, Jul 28, 7:29 PM EDT, 21 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
729 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0550 PM     TSTM WND DMG     GASTONIA                35.25N 81.17W
07/28/2005                   GASTON             NC   COUNTY OFFICIAL

            TREES AND POWERLINES DOWN. ALSO...STRUCTURAL FIRES CAUSED
            BY LIGHTNING.

&&

TJB

Local storm report, Jul 28, 7:38 PM EDT, 12 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
738 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0631 PM     TSTM WND DMG     DAVIDSON                35.50N 80.85W
07/28/2005                   MECKLENBURG        NC   COUNTY OFFICIAL

            NUMEROUS TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN WITH SOME ON HOUSES.

0631 PM     TSTM WND DMG     HUNTERSVILLE            35.42N 80.85W
07/28/2005                   MECKLENBURG        NC   COUNTY OFFICIAL

            NUMEROUS TREES AND POWERLINES DOWN WITH SOME ON HOUSES.

&&

TJB

Local storm report, Jul 28, 7:47 PM EDT, 3 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
747 PM EDT THU JUL 28 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0740 PM     TSTM WND GST     5 W SALISBURY           35.67N 80.57W
07/28/2005  60 MPH           ROWAN              NC   TRAINED SPOTTER

            SPOTTER ESTIMATED WINDS 50 TO 60 MPH. WIND BLEW GAS GRILL
            ACROSS THE YARD AND TENT APART.

&&

TJB

The office that day

Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 28, 3:15 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GSP	Anderson	62 min
Jul 28, 4:06 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GSP	Greenville	54 min
Jul 28, 4:15 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GSP	Cherokee, Spartanburg	60 min
Jul 28, 4:35 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GSP	York	55 min
Jul 28, 4:50 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GSP	Chester	58 min
Jul 28, 5:16 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GSP	Spartanburg	61 min
Jul 28, 6:03 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GSP	Anderson	57 min
Jul 28, 7:31 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GSP	Oconee	59 min

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in South Carolina, 2005 Every flash flood warning in 2005

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.