Alert archive / Wisconsin / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2005

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 119, NWS Green Bay, WI

September 13, 2005Kewaunee County, Wisconsin

NWS Green Bay, WI issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Sep 13, 2005, 6:19 PM CDT for Kewaunee County, Wisconsin. It was in force for 32 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Sep 13, 2005, 6:19 PM CDT (23:19 UTC)
Expired: Sep 13, 2005, 6:51 PM CDT
In force: 32 min
Issued by: NWS Green Bay, WI
Area: Counties, with a storm outline in the text

County Kewaunee County, WI

The radar

The Green Bay radar (KGRB), 44 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:20 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Sep 13, 5:15 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	2 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Green Bay/Straub, WI (KGRB), launched 12:00Z, 11.3 hours before the alert went out and 44 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 442 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -116 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 847 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 36 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 65 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 96 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.1
Supercell composite: 0.4

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS53 KGRB 132319
SVRGRB
WIC061-140000-
/O.NEW.KGRB.SV.W.0119.050913T2319Z-050914T0000Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
619 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREEN BAY HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  KEWAUNEE COUNTY IN NORTHEAST WISCONSIN
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITY OF KEWAUNEE

* UNTIL 700 PM CDT

* AT 615 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR AND SPOTTER REPORTS INDICATED A LINE
  OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DESTRUCTIVE WINDS IN
  EXCESS OF 70 MPH.  THESE STORMS WERE LOCATED ALONG A LINE EXTENDING
  FROM 15 MILES NORTHWEST OF LUXEMBURG TO 15 MILES SOUTH OF
  LUXEMBURG...OR ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 9 MILES NORTH OF GREEN
  BAY TO 15 MILES SOUTHEAST OF GREEN BAY...AND MOVING EAST AT 50 MPH.

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE NEAR...
  LUXEMBURG BY 625 PM...
  KEWAUNEE BY 635 PM...
  ALGOMA BY 640 PM...

THIS WARNING REPLACES THE PREVIOUS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR
NORTHERN KEWAUNEE COUNTY.

THIS IS A DANGEROUS STORM. IF YOU ARE IN ITS PATH...PREPARE
IMMEDIATELY FOR DAMAGING WINDS...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...AND DEADLY CLOUD
TO GROUND LIGHTNING. PEOPLE OUTSIDE SHOULD MOVE TO A SHELTER...
PREFERABLY INSIDE A STRONG BUILDING BUT AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

LAT...LON 4467 8774 4434 8776 4434 8732 4466 8722

$$

KIECKBUSCH

3 follow-up statements

000 
WWUS53 KGRB 132330
SVSGRB

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
629 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

WIC061-140000-
/O.CON.KGRB.SV.W.0119.000000T0000Z-050914T0000Z/
KEWAUNEE WI-
629 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING CONTINUES UNTIL 700 PM CDT FOR
KEWAUNEE COUNTY...

AT 628 PM...A LINE OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WAS REPORTED CAPABLE OF
PRODUCING DESTRUCTIVE WINDS IN EXCESS OF 70 MPH.  THESE STORMS WERE
LOCATED ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM ROSIERE TO 10 MILES SOUTHEAST OF
KEWAUNEE...OR ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 14 MILES SOUTHWEST OF
STURGEON BAY TO 10 MILES SOUTHEAST OF KEWAUNEE...MOVING EAST AT 60
MPH.

THE STRONGEST WINDS WILL IMPACT THE KEWAUNEE AND ALGOMA AREAS THROUGH
635 PM CDT. 

THIS STORM HAS PRODUCED WIDESPREAD WIND DAMAGE ACROSS EAST CENTRAL 
WISCONSIN. THIS IS AN EXTREMELY DANGEROUS SITUATION. SEEK SHELTER 
NOW INSIDE A STURDY STRUCTURE AND STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS

REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY. THEY
WILL RELAY YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

LAT...LON 4467 8774 4434 8776 4434 8732 4466 8722

$$

KIECKBUSCH

000 
WWUS53 KGRB 132342
SVSGRB

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
639 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

WIC061-140000-
/O.CON.KGRB.SV.W.0119.000000T0000Z-050914T0000Z/
KEWAUNEE WI-
639 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING CONTINUES UNTIL 700 PM CDT FOR
KEWAUNEE COUNTY...

AT 637 PM...TRAINED WEATHER SPOTTERS REPORTED A LINE OF SEVERE
THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 
MPH. THESE STRONGEST OF THESE STORMS HAD MOVED OUT OVER LAKE 
MICHIGAN...BUT POCKETS OF DAMAGING WIND GUSTS ARE STILL POSSIBLE 
OVER EASTERN KEWAUNEE COUNTY THROUGH 700 PM CDT.

NUMEROUS REPORTS OF WIND DAMAGE HAVE BEEN RECEIVED ACROSS KEWAUNEE 
COUNTY...INCLUDING TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN...WINDOWS BLOWN OUT 
OF A BUILDING AND DAMAGE TO A POLE BUILDING.

THIS STORM HAS PRODUCED WIDESPREAD WIND DAMAGE ACROSS EAST CENTRAL
WISCONSIN. THIS IS AN EXTREMELY DANGEROUS SITUATION. SEEK SHELTER 
NOW INSIDE A STURDY STRUCTURE AND STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS

REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY. THEY
WILL RELAY YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

LAT...LON 4467 8774 4434 8776 4434 8732 4466 8722

$$

KIECKBUSCH

000 
WWUS53 KGRB 132351
SVSGRB

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
651 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

WIC061-140001-
/O.CAN.KGRB.SV.W.0119.000000T0000Z-050914T0000Z/
KEWAUNEE WI-
651 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR KEWAUNEE COUNTY HAS BEEN
CANCELLED...

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM THAT PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS MOVED OUT OF
THE AREA.

GUSTY WINDS AND HEAVY RAIN ARE STILL POSSIBLE OVER KEWAUNEE COUNTY 
THROUGH 730 PM CDT.

LAT...LON 4467 8774 4434 8776 4434 8732 4466 8722

$$

KIECKBUSCH

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Green Bay, WI wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Sep 13, 2:15 PM CDT, 4 hours 4 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Sep 13, 2:15 PM CDT, 4 hours 4 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
215 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

.SHORT TERM...TNGT. SVR WEATHER THREAT THE BIG ISSUE FOR TNGT.

THE 18Z MSAS SFC ANALYSIS INDICATED LOW PRES OVR ERN ONTARIO WITH A
CDFNT STRETCHED SWWD THRU WRN WI INTO CNTRL IA. VSBL SATL IMAGERY SHOWED
PLENTY OF SUNSHINE ACROSS NE WI WHICH HAS ALLOWED ATM TO RAPIDLY
DESTABILIZE THIS AFTERNOON. RADAR MOSIAC PAINTED STG CONVECTION ACROSS
NE IA MAKING A BEELINE FOR WI.

THE CDFNT IS FCST TO MOV ACROSS WI THIS EVENING AND PUSH INTO LWR MI
OVRNGT. PLENTY OF INSTABILITY IN PLACE OVR NE WI WITH CAPES BETWEEN 2000
 AND 2500 J/KG...LIS AROUND -5...AND MID LVL LAPSE RATES OF 7 C/KM WL
COMBINE WITH MOIST AIRMASS (DEW PTS 63 TO 69F) AND CONVERGENCE ALONG THE
FNT TO PRODUCE STG TO SVR TSTMS. 0-6 KM SHEAR OF 50 KT INDICATE
SUFFICIENT SHEAR PRESENT FOR PROLONGED UPDRAFTS. ANTICIPATE TSTMS TO
OVERSPREAD THE FCST AREA BY LATE AFTERNOON WITH ISOLATED SVR STORMS
CAPABLE OF PRODUCING LRG HAIL AND DAMAGING WND GUSTS. TSTM THREAT WL
CONT OVR ERN WI THIS EVENING AS CDFNT PASSES THRU BUT THEN COME TO AN
END AS INSTABILITY AXIS SHIFTS EAST. A FEW SHWRS MAY LINGER NEAR LK MI
TIL AFTER MIDNIGHT...OTHERWISE A DRYING PROCESS TO BE UNDERWAY. APRS TO
BE TOO MUCH BNDRY LYR WNDS FOR ANY SIGNIFICANT FOG DEVELOPMENT OVR CNTRL
WI. A MUCH COOLER NGT IN STORE AS CAA BUILDS IN BEHIND THE FNT. LOOK FOR
TEMPS TO BE 10 TO 15 DEGS COOLER THAN THIS MORNING.

.LONG TERM...WEDS THROUGH NEXT TUESDAY...MAIN FCST CONCERNS ARE PRECIP
CHCS NEXT WEEKEND...AND TEMPS THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD.

HIGH PRESSURE RIDGING FROM EASTERN CANADA INTO THE GREAT LAKES WILL BE
THE DOMINANT SYNOPTIC-SCALE FEATURE THROUGH SATURDAY. A COLD FRONT IS
FCST TO APPROACH THE REGION FROM THE NORTHWEST THU/THU NGT...THEN BECOME
STATIONARY FROM NORTHERN MN TO NORTHERN LK SUP AS LOW PRESSURE DEVELOPS
OVER THE NORTHERN PLAINS. WITH HIGH PRESSURE IN PLACE AND THE FRONT
SITUATED TO OUR NORTH...ANTICIPATE A DRY PERIOD FROM WEDS THROUGH SAT...
ALONG WITH ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES.

MODELS HAVE COME INTO SOMEWHAT BETTER AGREEMENT WITH THE LOW PRESSURE
SYSTEM MOVG THROUGH THE WSTRN GREAT LKS NEXT WEEKEND. LOW PRESSURE IS
EXPECTED TO DEVELOP OVER THE CNTRL PLAINS AS AN UPPER TROF CROSSES THE
NORTHERN ROCKIES. THE LOW IS FCST TO LIFT NE TOWARD WSTRN LK SUP ON
SUN...THEN INTO EASTERN CANADA ON MONDAY. STG ISENT LIFT IS FCST TO
DEVELOP IN ADVANCE OF THE LOW LATE SAT NGT...FOLLOWED BY THE COLD
FRONTAL PASSAGE SUN/SUN NGT. HAVE INCREASED POPS A BIT FROM THE PREV
FCST...BUT EXPECT THAT THEY WILL NEED TO BE RAISED FURTHER WITH
SUBSEQUENT FCSTS.

OVERALL...MEX NUMBERS SEEMED REASONABLE THROUGH ABOUT SUNDAY...BUT
LOOKED TOO COOL FOR MON/TUES.

&&

.GRB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NONE.

&&

KALLAS/KIECKBUSCH
WEATHER.GOV/GREENBAY

Hazardous weather outlook, Sep 13, 11:30 AM CDT, 6 hours 49 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
1130 AM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

WIZ005-010>013-018>022-030-031-035>040-045-048>050-073-074-141630-
VILAS-ONEIDA-FOREST-FLORENCE-NORTHERN MARINETTE-SOUTHERN MARINETTE-
LINCOLN-LANGLADE-MENOMINEE-NORTHERN OCONTO-SOUTHERN OCONTO-DOOR-
MARATHON-SHAWANO-WOOD-PORTAGE-WAUPACA-OUTAGAMIE-BROWN-KEWAUNEE-WAUSHARA-
WINNEBAGO-CALUMET-MANITOWOC-
1130 AM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST
WISCONSIN.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT

THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP THIS AFTERNOON AND CONTINUE OVER
EASTERN WISCONSIN THIS EVENING. SOME OF THESE STORMS MAY BECOME SEVERE
WITH THE PRIMARY RISK BEING DAMAGING WINDS AND LARGE HAIL. THE GREATEST
RISK OF SEVERE WEATHER APPEARS TO BE BETWEEN 300 PM AND 900 PM. THE
STORMS WILL END FROM WEST TO EAST TONIGHT.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY

THE PROBABILITY OF WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED THIS AFTERNOON AND THIS EVENING.

LMZ521-522-541>543-564-141630-
THE BAY OF GREEN BAY SOUTH OF A LINE FROM CEDAR RIVER MI TO ROCK ISLAND
PASSAGE-LAKE MICHIGAN FROM WASHINGTON ISLAND TO SHEBOYGAN-THE ADJOINING
WISCONSIN WATERS OF LAKE MICHIGAN OUT TO MID-LAKE-
1130 AM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR THE WATERS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN
GREEN BAY...AND LAKE MICHIGAN FROM STURGEON BAY TO SHEBOYGAN.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT

A PERSISTENT SOUTHERLY FLOW ACROSS LAKE MICHIGAN WILL CONTINUE TO
GENERATE 3 TO 5 FOOT WAVES OVER LAKE MICHIGAN THIS AFTERNOON. AS A
RESULT...A SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY IS IN EFFECT FOR THE NEARSHORE WATERS OF
THE LAKE. THE WAVES OVER THE NEARSHORE WATERS SHOULD SUBSIDE TONIGHT AS
THE WIND BECOMES MORE WESTERLY.

THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP THIS AFTERNOON AND CONTINUE
THROUGH THE EVENING. SOME OF THE STORMS COULD BECOME SEVERE WITH THE
PRIMARY RISK BEING DAMAGING WINDS AND LARGE HAIL. THE GREATEST RISK OF
SEVERE WEATHER WILL BE BETWEEN 400 PM AND 1000 PM. THE STORMS WILL END
AFTER MIDNIGHT.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY

THE PROBABILITY OF WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

KALLAS
WEATHER.GOV/GREENBAY

In the hours before

Local storm report, Sep 13, 5:41 PM CDT, 38 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
541 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0538 PM     TSTM WND GST     NEW LONDON              44.38N 88.75W
09/13/2005  60 MPH           WAUPACA            WI   TRAINED SPOTTER

            ESTIMATED WIND

&&

JKL

Local storm report, Sep 13, 5:48 PM CDT, 31 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
548 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0546 PM     TSTM WND GST     APPLETON                44.26N 88.40W
09/13/2005  0 MPH            OUTAGAMIE          WI   TRAINED SPOTTER

            MEASURED AT THE AIRPORT.

&&

JKL

Local storm report, Sep 13, 5:48 PM CDT, 31 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
548 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0546 PM     TSTM WND GST     APPLETON                44.26N 88.40W
09/13/2005  63 MPH           OUTAGAMIE          WI   TRAINED SPOTTER

            MEASURED AT THE AIRPORT.

&&

JKL

Local storm report, Sep 13, 5:52 PM CDT, 27 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
552 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0540 PM     TSTM WND GST     2 N CASCO               44.59N 87.61W
09/13/2005  60 MPH           KEWAUNEE           WI   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            TREES KNOCKED DOWN.

&&

JKL

Local storm report, Sep 13, 5:54 PM CDT, 25 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
554 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0554 PM     TSTM WND GST     APPLETON                44.26N 88.40W
09/13/2005  70 MPH           OUTAGAMIE          WI   NWS EMPLOYEE

            WINDS AT LEAST 70 MPH ESTIMATED IN GRAND CHUTE.

&&

JKL

Local storm report, Sep 13, 6:16 PM CDT, 3 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREEN BAY WI
616 PM CDT TUE SEP 13 2005

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0550 PM     TSTM WND DMG     APPLETON                44.26N 88.40W
09/13/2005                   OUTAGAMIE          WI   AMATEUR RADIO

            MANY TREES DOWN AROUND GRAND CHUTE. TREE FELL ON CAR.
            WINDS ESTIMATED IN EXCESS OF 70 MPH.

0554 PM     TSTM WND GST     DARBOY                  44.23N 88.38W
09/13/2005  65 MPH           CALUMET            WI   TRAINED SPOTTER

            BRANCHES AND DEBRIS IN AIR.

0610 PM     TSTM WND GST     WRIGHTSTOWN             44.33N 88.16W
09/13/2005  65 MPH           BROWN              WI   NWS EMPLOYEE

0615 PM     TSTM WND GST     GREEN BAY               44.51N 88.00W
09/13/2005  68 MPH           BROWN              WI   NWS EMPLOYEE

            MEASURED.

&&

JKL

The office that day

Everything else NWS Green Bay, WI issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Sep 13, 4:42 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GRB	Waushara	48 min
Sep 13, 4:57 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GRB	Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca	48 min
Sep 13, 5:32 PM CDT	Special Marine Warning	GRB		88 min
Sep 13, 5:36 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GRB	Calumet, Winnebago	39 min
Sep 13, 5:38 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GRB	Door, Kewaunee	67 min
Sep 13, 5:42 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GRB	Outagamie	35 min
Sep 13, 5:56 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GRB	Brown, Manitowoc	49 min
Sep 13, 6:10 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GRB	Oconto	25 min
Sep 13, 6:25 PM CDT	Special Marine Warning	GRB		65 min
Sep 13, 6:56 PM CDT	Special Marine Warning	GRB		34 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Wisconsin, 2005 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2005

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.