Alert archive / Texas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2005
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 89, NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX
NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 11, 2005, 12:51 AM CDT for Bexar County, Medina County, Texas. It was in force for 57 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Apr 11, 2005, 12:51 AM CDT (05:51 UTC)
- Expired
- Apr 11, 2005, 1:48 AM CDT
- In force
- 57 min
- Issued by
- NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX
- Area
- Counties, with a storm outline in the text
Counties Bexar County, TX, Medina County, TX
The radar
The Austin/San Antonio radar (KEWX), 61 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 05:52 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 10, 10:45 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 6 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Del Rio, TX (KDRT), launched 00:00Z, 5.9 hours before the alert went out and 214 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 3639 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 82 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -1 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 195 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000
WUUS54 KEWX 110551
SVREWX
TXC029-325-110645-
/O.NEW.KEWX.SV.W.0089.050411T0551Z-050411T0645Z/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
1251 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN AUSTIN SAN ANTONIO HAS ISSUED A
* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES...
BEXAR
MEDINA
* UNTIL 145 AM CDT
* AT 1244 AM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL. THIS
STORM WAS LOCATED 13 MILES SOUTHWEST OF MICO...AND MOVING EAST AT
50 MPH.
* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE RIO MEDINA...SEA WORLD...
HELOTES...LEON VALLEY...CROSS MOUNTAIN...LEON SPRINGS...THE
DOMINION...SHAVANO PARK...HILL COUNTRY VILLAGE...HOLLYWOOD PARK...
TIMBERWOOD PARK...LIVE OAK...UNIVERSAL CITY...SELMA AND SCHERTZ.
LAT...LON 2951 9917 2957 9899 2956 9893 2962 9886
2974 9849 2971 9844 2975 9842 2971 9838
2973 9835 2967 9839 2962 9836 2955 9828
2956 9824 2935 9911
$$4 follow-up statements
000
WWUS54 KEWX 110604
SVSEWX
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
104 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
TXC029-325-110645-
/O.CON.KEWX.SV.W.0089.000000T0000Z-050411T0645Z/
BEXAR TX-MEDINA TX-
104 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING CONTINUES UNTIL 145 AM CDT FOR
MEDINA AND BEXAR COUNTIES...
AT 101 AM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE
HAIL. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR MICO...OR ABOUT 11 MILES NORTH OF
CASTROVILLE...MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.
THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
HELOTES...GREY FOREST AND CROSS MOUNTAIN BY 120 AM CDT
LEON VALLEY BY 125 AM CDT
SHAVANO PARK AND CASTLE HILLS BY 130 AM CDT
HILL COUNTRY VILLAGE AND HOLLYWOOD PARK BY 135 AM CDT
LAT...LON 2951 9917 2957 9899 2956 9893 2962 9886
2974 9849 2971 9844 2975 9842 2971 9838
2973 9835 2967 9839 2962 9836 2955 9828
2956 9824 2935 9911
$$000
WWUS54 KEWX 110616
SVSEWX
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
116 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
TXC029-325-110645-
/O.CON.KEWX.SV.W.0089.000000T0000Z-050411T0645Z/
BEXAR TX-MEDINA TX-
116 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING CONTINUES UNTIL 145 AM CDT FOR
MEDINA AND BEXAR COUNTIES...
AT 114 AM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE
HAIL. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR HELOTES...MOVING EAST AT 35 MPH.
THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
LEON VALLEY BY 125 AM CDT
SHAVANO PARK AND CASTLE HILLS BY 130 AM CDT
HILL COUNTRY VILLAGE AND HOLLYWOOD PARK BY 135 AM CDT
LAT...LON 2951 9917 2957 9899 2956 9893 2962 9886
2974 9849 2971 9844 2975 9842 2971 9838
2973 9835 2967 9839 2962 9836 2955 9828
2956 9824 2935 9911
$$000
WWUS54 KEWX 110630
SVSEWX
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
130 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
TXC029-325-110645-
/O.CON.KEWX.SV.W.0089.000000T0000Z-050411T0645Z/
BEXAR TX-MEDINA TX-
130 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING CONTINUES UNTIL 145 AM CDT FOR
MEDINA AND BEXAR COUNTIES...
AT 127 AM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS REPORTED CAPABLE OF
PRODUCING LARGE DAMAGING HAIL UP TO GOLF BALL SIZE. THIS STORM WAS
LOCATED NEAR SHAVANO PARK...OR ABOUT 10 MILES NORTHWEST OF SAN
ANTONIO...MOVING EAST AT 40 MPH.
THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
HOLLYWOOD PARK AND HILL COUNTRY VILLAGE BY 135 AM CDT
TIMBERWOOD PARK BY 140 AM CDT
THIS IS A DANGEROUS STORM. IF YOU ARE IN ITS PATH...PREPARE
IMMEDIATELY FOR DAMAGING WINDS...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...AND DEADLY CLOUD
TO GROUND LIGHTNING. PEOPLE OUTSIDE SHOULD MOVE TO A SHELTER...
PREFERABLY INSIDE A STRONG BUILDING BUT AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
LAT...LON 2951 9917 2957 9899 2956 9893 2962 9886
2974 9849 2971 9844 2975 9842 2971 9838
2973 9835 2967 9839 2962 9836 2955 9828
2956 9824 2935 9911
$$000
WWUS54 KEWX 110648
SVSEWX
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
147 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
TXC029-325-110657-
/O.EXP.KEWX.SV.W.0089.000000T0000Z-050411T0645Z/
BEXAR TX-MEDINA TX-
147 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR MEDINA AND BEXAR COUNTIES
EXPIRED AT 145 AM CDT...
THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM HAD MOVED NORTHEAST OUT OF BEXAR INTO COMAL
COUNTY. AS A RESULT...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR MEDINA AND
BEXAR COUNTY WAS LEFT TO EXPIRE AT 145 AM CDT.
LAT...LON 2951 9917 2957 9899 2956 9893 2962 9886
2974 9849 2971 9844 2975 9842 2971 9838
2973 9835 2967 9839 2962 9836 2955 9828
2956 9824 2935 9911
$$What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 10, 11:00 PM CDT, 1 hour 51 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Apr 10, 11:00 PM CDT, 1 hour 51 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX 11 PM CDT SUN APR 10 2005 .UPDATE...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH #143 HAS BEEN REPLACED WITH SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH #148...COVERING MOST OF SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS AND SOME EXTREME EASTERN HILL COUNTRY COUNTIES. OTHERWISE, FORECAST TEMPS AND WINDS ARE PROGRESSING ALONG WITHOUT PROBLEMS. && .PREVIOUS DISCUSSION... A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH AND LAST MINUTE NEED FOR A RED FLAG WARNING DELAYED THIS DISCUSSION SLIGHTLY...SORRY FOR ANY INCONVENIENCE. STORMS ARE FIRING CLOSE TO THE TIME AND LOCATION SUGGESTED BY THE HIGHER RESOLUTION ETA MODEL RUNS. WITH A FEW ISOLATED STORMS FORMING TO THE WEST WE COLLABORATED WITH SPC TO ENSURE THE THREAT INCLUDED THE SAT AREA AS THE DRYLINE FORCING COMBINED WITH INCREASING VERTICAL MOTION SIGNATURES ON SATELLITE SUGGEST STORM WILL PROPAGATE SOUTHWARD ALONG THIS BOUNDARY. IT SHOULD TAKE A FEW HOURS BEFORE THESE STORMS MAKE THIS SOUTHWARD SHIFT SINCE CURRENT CONVECTION IS STILL SPORADIC OVER WEST CENTRAL TEXAS. AS CONVECTION MOVES TO CENTRAL AND EASTERN PARTS OF SC TX BY LATE TONIGHT, THE PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUE SHOOT UP TO 1.5 INCHES WHICH WOULD SUPPORT ISOLATED FLOODING PROBLEMS. HOWEVER, THE STRONG MID LEVEL WINDS SHOULD KEEP STORMS MOVING AT A GOOD CLIP WITH A PROGRESSIVE SQUALL LINE EXPECTED TO FORM BY THE TIME IT REACHES THE ESCARPMENT. THE MAIN THREAT FOR SEVERE SHOULD BE FOR LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. HOWEVER, LATE AFTERNOON SURFACE INFLOW SUGGESTS THAT SUPERCELLS AND TORNADOES COULD FORM AS WELL. STORMS SHOULD DRIFT EAST INTO THE HGX FORECAST AREA BY AROUND 3 AM WITH DRY AND MILD AIR EXPECTED FOR MUCH OF THE WORK WEEK. IN THE LATTER HALF OF THE WEEK, WILL CONTINUE TO KEEP IN SLIGHTLY HIGHER MOISTURE CONTENT AND MILDER TEMPS THAN MODELS INDICATE SINCE THERE IS A POTENTIAL FOR MOISTURE POOLING OVER SC TX AND AN ACTIVE SUBTROPICAL JET. MODELS ARE SHOWING SOME CONSISTENCY AND AGREEMENT ISSUES WITH WEAKENING UPSTREAM DISTURBANCES IN THIS UNSTABLE PATTERN OVER THE WEEKEND, SO THE BEST BET FOR NOW IS FOR A BROADBRUSH OF MILD WX WITH A SLIGHT CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS FOR FRIDAY AND BEYOND. && .FIRE WEATHER... CONVECTION OVER THE BURRO MOUNTAINS OF MEXICO PROMPTED A CONCERN FOR DRY LIGHTNING FOR THE NEXT 4 HOURS OR SO OVER THE COUNTIES BORDERING THE RIO GRANDE. MORE DETAILS ARE PROVIDED IN THE RED FLAG WARNING PRODUCT (SATRFWEWX). && .EWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... TX...SEVERE TSTM WATCH #148 TIL 5 AM CDT MOST OF SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS AND EXTREME EASTERN HILL COUNTRY COUNTIES && 06/02/11/PM
Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 10, 4:05 AM CDT, 20 hours 46 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX 405 AM CDT SUN APR 10 2005 TXZ171>173-183>194-202>209-217>225-228-111100- ATASCOSA-BANDERA-BASTROP-BEXAR-BLANCO-BURNET-CALDWELL-COMAL-DEWITT- DIMMIT-EDWARDS-FAYETTE-FRIO-GILLESPIE-GONZALES-GUADALUPE-HAYS-KARNES- KENDALL-KERR-KINNEY-LAVACA-LEE-LLANO-MAVERICK-MEDINA-REAL-TRAVIS- UVALDE-VAL VERDE-WILLIAMSON-WILSON-ZAVALA- 405 AM CDT SUN APR 10 2005 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT. THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT NORTH AND EAST OF A LINE FROM MASON TO BOERNE TO SPEAKS...INCLUDING THE CITY OF AUSTIN. A STRONG UPPER LEVEL STORM SYSTEM LOCATED OVER THE FOUR CORNERS REGION WILL MOVE SLOWLY EASTWARD CROSSING THE CENTRAL PLAINS ON MONDAY. A SQUALL LINE IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP ACROSS NORTH TEXAS THIS AFTERNOON ALONG THE TRAILING DRY LINE. ISOLATED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE WITHIN THE LINE WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS BEING THE PRIMARY SEVERE WEATHER THREATS. THE SQUALL LINE WILL BUILD SOUTHWESTWARD ALONG THE DRY LINE INTO THE EASTERN HALF OF SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS LATE THIS AFTERNOON INTO TONIGHT. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE THREAT OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL EXTEND SOUTH OF THE SLIGHT RISK AREA TONIGHT WHICH WOULD ENCOMPASS THE CITY OF SAN ANTONIO. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY. NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE REQUIRED LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Apr 10, 9:01 PM CDT, 3 hours 50 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
901 PM CDT SUN APR 10 2005
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0855 PM HAIL HORSESHOE BAY 30.54N 98.35W
04/10/2005 0.75 INCH LLANO TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
&&
PMLocal storm report, Apr 10, 10:04 PM CDT, 2 hours 47 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
1004 PM CDT SUN APR 10 2005
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0945 PM HAIL 3 SE KERRVILLE 30.01N 99.10W
04/10/2005 1.00 INCH KERR TX STORM CHASER
1000 PM HAIL MEDINA 29.80N 99.25W
04/10/2005 1.75 INCH BANDERA TX TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
PMLocal storm report, Apr 10, 10:47 PM CDT, 2 hours 4 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
1047 PM CDT SUN APR 10 2005
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1035 PM HAIL 10 W TARPLEY 29.63N 99.45W
04/10/2005 1.75 INCH BANDERA TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
&&
PMLocal storm report, Apr 10, 10:58 PM CDT, 1 hour 53 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
1058 PM CDT SUN APR 10 2005
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1045 PM HAIL 1 E COMFORT 29.97N 98.89W
04/10/2005 1.75 INCH KENDALL TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
&&
PMLocal storm report, Apr 10, 11:52 PM CDT, 59 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
1152 PM CDT SUN APR 10 2005
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1100 PM HAIL 10 SW BANDERA 29.62N 99.19W
04/10/2005 1.00 INCH MEDINA TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
1140 PM HAIL 6 N BOERNE 29.89N 98.74W
04/10/2005 1.75 INCH KENDALL TX TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
PMLocal storm report, Apr 11, 12:43 AM CDT, 8 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
1243 AM CDT MON APR 11 2005
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0812 PM HAIL KINGSLAND 30.66N 98.45W
04/10/2005 1.75 INCH LLANO TX BROADCAST MEDIA
GOLFBALL SIZE HAIL REPORTED AT SEVERAL LOCATIONS AROUND
KINGSLAND
0830 PM HAIL 1 N BURNET 30.78N 98.23W
04/10/2005 0.75 INCH BURNET TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
0855 PM HAIL HORSESHOE BAY 30.54N 98.35W
04/10/2005 0.75 INCH LLANO TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
0945 PM HAIL 3 SE KERRVILLE 30.01N 99.10W
04/10/2005 1.00 INCH KERR TX STORM CHASER
1000 PM HAIL MEDINA 29.80N 99.25W
04/10/2005 1.75 INCH BANDERA TX TRAINED SPOTTER
1035 PM HAIL 10 W TARPLEY 29.63N 99.45W
04/10/2005 1.75 INCH BANDERA TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
1045 PM HAIL 1 E COMFORT 29.97N 98.89W
04/10/2005 1.75 INCH KENDALL TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
1100 PM HAIL 10 SW BANDERA 29.62N 99.19W
04/10/2005 1.00 INCH MEDINA TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
1140 PM HAIL 6 N BOERNE 29.89N 98.74W
04/10/2005 1.75 INCH KENDALL TX TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
PMThe office that day
Everything else NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 10, 7:12 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Llano | 63 min |
| Apr 10, 8:16 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Burnet | 59 min |
| Apr 10, 8:22 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Gillespie | 38 min |
| Apr 10, 8:50 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Llano | 13 min |
| Apr 10, 9:28 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Bandera | 62 min |
| Apr 10, 9:42 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Real | 33 min |
| Apr 10, 10:02 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Kerr | 43 min |
| Apr 10, 10:25 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Kendall | 65 min |
| Apr 10, 10:29 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Bandera | 61 min |
| Apr 10, 11:29 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Kendall | 46 min |
| Apr 10, 11:32 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Dimmit | 58 min |
| Apr 10, 11:39 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Blanco | 54 min |
| Apr 11, 12:13 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Comal, Hays, Travis | 62 min |
| Apr 11, 1:14 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Travis | 61 min |
| Apr 11, 1:14 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Williamson | 61 min |
| Apr 11, 1:42 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EWX | Comal | 63 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Texas, 2005Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2005
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.