Alert archive / Alaska / Gale Warnings in 2005

Gale Warning 110, NWS Fairbanks, AK

December 7, 2005

NWS Fairbanks, AK issued this gale warning at Dec 7, 2005, 10:56 PM AKST. It was in force for 33 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Dec 7, 2005, 10:56 PM AKST (07:56 UTC)
Expired
Dec 9, 2005, 7:48 AM AKST
In force
33 hr
Issued by
NWS Fairbanks, AK

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000
FZAK51 PAFG 081256
CWFNSB

ARCTIC ALASKA COASTAL WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FAIRBANKS AK
356 AM AST THU DEC 8 2005

ARCTIC ALASKA COASTAL WATERS OUT 100 NM

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT THE AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST ONE-
THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ298-090315-
356 AM AST THU DEC 8 2005

.SYNOPSIS FOR ARCTIC COAST...
A WEATHER FRONT OVER THE BROOKS RANGE WILL MOVE OVER THE ARCTIC
COAST THIS EVENING AND THEN WEAKEN. A 976 MB LOW DEVELOP ALONG
THIS FRONT OVER MACKENZIE DELTA THU AFTERNOON AND THEN MOVE
NORTHEAST. A 959 MB LOW NEAR THE YUKON DELTA WILL MOVE TO KOTZEBUE
AS A 977 MB LOW FRI PM AND TO NEAR BARROW AS A 985 MB LOW SAT AM.

$$

PKZ225-090315-
CAPE THOMPSON TO CAPE BEAUFORT-
356 AM AST THU DEC 8 2005

...GALE WARNING IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE THURSDAY NIGHT...

.TODAY...NE WINDS 40 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.TONIGHT...NE WINDS 45 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.FRI...NE WINDS 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.FRI NIGHT...NW WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT...W WINDS 25 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.SUN...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...SE WINDS 15 KT.  

$$

PKZ230-090315-
CAPE BEAUFORT TO POINT FRANKLIN-
356 AM AST THU DEC 8 2005

...BRISK WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM LATE THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH
LATE THURSDAY NIGHT...

.TODAY...NE WINDS 20 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.TONIGHT...NE WINDS 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.FRI...E WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.FRI NIGHT...E WINDS 25 KT. 
.SAT...W WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT NIGHT...S WINDS 20 KT. 
.SUN...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...E WINDS 15 KT.  

$$

PKZ235-090315-
POINT FRANKLIN TO CAPE HALKETT-
356 AM AST THU DEC 8 2005

.TODAY...NE WINDS 20 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.TONIGHT...NE WINDS 10 KT BECOMING E 20 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.FRI...E WINDS 25 KT. 
.FRI NIGHT...E WINDS 25 KT. 
.SAT...SW WINDS 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT NIGHT...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.SUN...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...E WINDS 15 KT.  

$$

PKZ240-090315-
CAPE HALKETT TO FLAXMAN ISLAND-
356 AM AST THU DEC 8 2005

.TODAY...N WINDS 15 KT. SNOW.
.TONIGHT...NW WINDS 10 KT. SNOW.
.FRI...E WINDS 20 KT. 
.FRI NIGHT...SE WINDS 25 KT. 
.SAT...SW WINDS 25 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.SUN...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...E WINDS 15 KT.  

$$

PKZ245-090315-
FLAXMAN ISLAND TO DEMARCATION POINT-
356 AM AST THU DEC 8 2005

.TODAY...NW WINDS 15 KT. SNOW.
.TONIGHT...W WINDS 15 KT. SNOW.
.FRI...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.FRI NIGHT...SE WINDS 20 KT. 
.SAT...S WINDS 20 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...S WINDS 15 KT. 
.SUN...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...SE WINDS 15 KT.  

$$

DEC 05
3 follow-up statements
000
FZAK51 PAFG 082236
CWFNSB

ARCTIC ALASKA COASTAL WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FAIRBANKS AK
136 PM AST THU DEC 8 2005

ARCTIC ALASKA COASTAL WATERS OUT 100 NM

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT THE AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST ONE-
THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ298-091300-
136 PM AST THU DEC 8 2005

.SYNOPSIS FOR ARCTIC COAST...
A WEATHER FRONT NORTH OF THE BROOKS RANGE WILL MOVE NORTH OF THE
ARCTIC COAST TONIGHT THEN WEAKEN. A 980 MB LOW OVER MACKENZIE BAY
WILL MOVE NORTHEAST. A 974 MB LOW WILL BE OVER KOTZEBUE SOUND
FRIDAY AFTERNOON THEN 140 NM NORTH OF POINT BARROW AT 3 PM ADT
SATURDAY. THE LOW WILL MOVE RAPIDLY NORTHEAST OVER THE ARCTIC
OCEAN SATURDAY NIGHT.

$$

PKZ225-091300-
CAPE THOMPSON TO CAPE BEAUFORT-
136 PM AST THU DEC 8 2005

...GALE WARNING IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE THURSDAY NIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NE WINDS 40 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.FRI...N WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.FRI NIGHT...NW WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT...W WINDS 20 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...W WINDS 10 KT. 
.SUN...NE WINDS 10 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.TUE...SE WINDS 15 KT.  

$$

PKZ230-091300-
CAPE BEAUFORT TO POINT FRANKLIN-
136 PM AST THU DEC 8 2005

...BRISK WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON...

.TONIGHT...NE WINDS 30 KT. 
.FRI...NE WINDS 25 KT. SNOW.
.FRI NIGHT...NW WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT...W WINDS 25 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...W WINDS 25 KT. 
.SUN...NE WINDS 10 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.TUE...SE WINDS 15 KT.  

$$

PKZ235-091300-
POINT FRANKLIN TO CAPE HALKETT-
136 PM AST THU DEC 8 2005

.TONIGHT...NE WINDS 10 KT BECOMING E 20 KT. 
.FRI...E WINDS 20 KT. 
.FRI NIGHT...E WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT...SW WINDS 30 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...W WINDS 30 KT. 
.SUN...W WINDS 20 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.TUE...SE WINDS 15 KT.  

$$

PKZ240-091300-
CAPE HALKETT TO FLAXMAN ISLAND-
136 PM AST THU DEC 8 2005

.TONIGHT...NW WINDS 10 KT. 
.FRI...E WINDS 20 KT. 
.FRI NIGHT...SE WINDS 20 KT. 
.SAT...S WINDS 25 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...SW WINDS 25 KT. 
.SUN...W WINDS 20 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.TUE...SE WINDS 20 KT.  

$$

PKZ245-091300-
FLAXMAN ISLAND TO DEMARCATION POINT-
136 PM AST THU DEC 8 2005

.TONIGHT...W WINDS 15 KT. 
.FRI...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.FRI NIGHT...E WINDS 20 KT. 
.SAT...S WINDS 15 KT BECOMING W 25 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...SW WINDS 25 KT. 
.SUN...W WINDS 20 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...E WINDS 15 KT. 
.MON...SE WINDS 15 KT. 
.TUE...SE WINDS 20 KT.  

$$

JL/DA DEC 05
000
FZAK51 PAFG 091304
CWFNSB

ARCTIC ALASKA COASTAL WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FAIRBANKS AK
404 AM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

ARCTIC ALASKA COASTAL WATERS OUT 100 NM

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT THE AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST ONE-
THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ298-100330-
404 AM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

.SYNOPSIS FOR ARCTIC COAST...
A 972 MB LOW NEAR THE BERING STRAIT WILL MOVE TO WAINWRIGHT AS A
980 MB LOW SAT MORNING AND TO 200 NM NORTH OF BARROW AS A 987 MB
LOW SAT PM.

$$

PKZ225-100330-
CAPE THOMPSON TO CAPE BEAUFORT-
404 AM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

...GALE WARNING IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE FRIDAY NIGHT...

.TODAY...N WINDS 35 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.TONIGHT...NW WINDS 35 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.SAT...NW WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT NIGHT...N WINDS 15 KT. 
.SUN...NE WINDS 25 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...NW WINDS 5 KT. 
.MON...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...N WINDS 10 KT.  

$$

PKZ230-100330-
CAPE BEAUFORT TO POINT FRANKLIN-
404 AM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

...BRISK WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE FRIDAY NIGHT...

.TODAY...NE WINDS INCREASING TO 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.TONIGHT...NE WINDS 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.SAT...NW WINDS 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT NIGHT...NW WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SUN...NE WINDS 15 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.MON...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...N WINDS 10 KT.  

$$

PKZ235-100330-
POINT FRANKLIN TO CAPE HALKETT-
404 AM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

...BRISK WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE FRIDAY NIGHT...

.TODAY...E WINDS INCREASING TO 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.TONIGHT...E WINDS 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.SAT...S WINDS 25 KT BECOMING W. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT NIGHT...W WINDS 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SUN...NW WINDS 20 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.MON...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...NE WINDS 5 KT.  

$$

PKZ240-100330-
CAPE HALKETT TO FLAXMAN ISLAND-
404 AM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

...BRISK WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE FRIDAY NIGHT...

.TODAY...NE WINDS 15 KT BECOMING E 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.TONIGHT...SE WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. SNOW.
.SAT...S WINDS 20 KT BECOMING W 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SAT NIGHT...W WINDS 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SUN...W WINDS 20 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.MON...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...NE WINDS 5 KT.  

$$

PKZ245-100330-
FLAXMAN ISLAND TO DEMARCATION POINT-
404 AM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

...BRISK WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM LATE THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH
LATE FRIDAY NIGHT...

.TODAY...W WINDS 15 KT BECOMING SE 20 KT. 
.TONIGHT...SE WINDS 25 KT. 
.SAT...S WINDS 20 KT BECOMING W 30 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...W WINDS 30 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SUN...W WINDS 20 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...NE WINDS 5 KT. 
.MON...W WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...W WINDS 5 KT.  

$$

DEC 05
000
FZAK51 PAFG 092148
CWFNSB

ARCTIC ALASKA COASTAL WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FAIRBANKS AK
1248 PM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

ARCTIC ALASKA COASTAL WATERS OUT 100 NM

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT THE AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST ONE-
THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ298-101300-
1248 PM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

.SYNOPSIS FOR ARCTIC COAST...
A 976 MB LOW NORTH OF KOTZEBUE SOUND WILL BE 984 MB NEAR POINT
BARROW AT 9 AM ADT SATURDAY. THE LOW WILL MOVE RAPIDLY NORTHEAST
OVER THE ARCTIC OCEAN SATURDAY NIGHT AND SUNDAY. WEAK HIGH
PRESSURE WILL BUILD OVER THE MARINE AREA SUNDAY AND PERSIST INTO MONDAY.

$$

PKZ225-101300-
CAPE THOMPSON TO CAPE BEAUFORT-
1248 PM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

.TONIGHT...NE WINDS 20 KT BECOMING NW. SNOW.
.SAT...NW WINDS 20 KT.
.SAT NIGHT...NW WINDS 10 KT. 
.SUN...NE WINDS 10 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...S WINDS 5 KT. 
.MON...E WINDS 5 KT. 
.MON NIGHT...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...N WINDS 10 KT. 
.WED...NE WINDS 10 KT.  

$$

PKZ230-101300-
CAPE BEAUFORT TO POINT FRANKLIN-
1248 PM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

.TONIGHT...NE WINDS 20 KT. SNOW.
.SAT...W WINDS 15 KT.
.SAT NIGHT...W WINDS 20 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SUN...NE WINDS 10 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...E WINDS 10 KT. 
.MON...SW WINDS 10 KT. 
.MON NIGHT...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...N WINDS 10 KT. 
.WED...NE WINDS 10 KT.  

$$

PKZ235-101300-
POINT FRANKLIN TO CAPE HALKETT-
1248 PM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

.TONIGHT...E WINDS 20 KT. SNOW.
.SAT...E WINDS 15 KT BECOMING W. 
.SAT NIGHT...W WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SUN...W WINDS 15 KT BECOMING N. 
.SUN NIGHT...NE WINDS 10 KT. 
.MON...NE WINDS 10 KT. 
.MON NIGHT...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...NE WINDS 5 KT. 
.WED...NE WINDS 5 KT.  

$$

PKZ240-101300-
CAPE HALKETT TO FLAXMAN ISLAND-
1248 PM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

.TONIGHT...E WINDS 20 KT.
.SAT...SE WINDS 20 KT BECOMING W. 
.SAT NIGHT...SW WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SUN...NW WINDS 10 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...N WINDS 10 KT. 
.MON...N WINDS 10 KT. 
.MON NIGHT...N WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...NE WINDS 5 KT. 
.WED...NE WINDS 5 KT.  

$$

PKZ245-101300-
FLAXMAN ISLAND TO DEMARCATION POINT-
1248 PM AST FRI DEC 9 2005

.TONIGHT...E WINDS 20 KT.
.SAT...SE WINDS 20 KT BECOMING S 10 KT. 
.SAT NIGHT...SW WINDS 25 KT. BLOWING SNOW. 
.SUN...W WINDS 10 KT. 
.SUN NIGHT...NE WINDS 10 KT. 
.MON...N WINDS 10 KT. 
.MON NIGHT...W WINDS 5 KT. 
.TUE...W WINDS 5 KT. 
.WED...NE WINDS 5 KT.  

$$

RF/DA DEC 05

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this gale warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Fairbanks, AK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this gale warning went out at Dec 7, 9:59 AM AKST, 12 hours 57 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Dec 7, 9:59 AM AKST, 12 hours 57 minutes before
NORTHERN ALASKA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FAIRBANKS AK
259 PM AST WED DEC 7 2005

.DISCUSSION...

ALOFT...AN AMPLIFIED PATTERN AT 500 MB CONTINUES ACROSS ALASKA AND
THE NORTHERN PACIFIC THIS AFTERNOON. A 497 DM LOW ANCHORS A TROUGH
THAT STRETCHES FROM WRANGEL ISLAND SOUTH TO THE CENTRAL ALEUTIANS.
A RIDGE BUILDING NORTH THROUGH THE EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN HAS NOSED
INTO THE WESTERN YUKON ALONG THE ALASKA-CANADA BORDER.

MODELS BUILD THE RIDGE NORTHEAST INTO THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST WHICH
WILL HELP SHIFT THE 500 MB FLOW TO THE SOUTHWEST OVER THE NEXT 48
HOURS.

A 576 DM HIGH BUILDS OVER THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST BY THE WEEKEND
WHICH WILL BLOCK THE TROUGH FROM MAKING AN APPRECIABLE MOVE TO THE
EAST THROUGH THE CURRENT FORECAST PERIOD.

SURFACE...THE MAIN EVENT THIS AFTERNOON IS A 942 MB LOW OVER THE
CENTRAL ALEUTIANS AND HIGH PRESSURE OVER THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST.
A MODERATE CHINOOK HAS DEVELOPED BETWEEN THESE TWO FEATURES WITH
WITH SOUTH WINDS REACHING WARNING CRITERIA IN THE ALASKA RANGE.
NOT TO BE OUTDONE...WINDS OVER SAINT LAWRENCE ISLAND HAVE BEEN IN
THE 50 TO 55 KT RANGE. THIS HAS RESULTED FROM THE PRESSURE
GRADIENT BETWEEN THE ALEUTIAN LOW AND A 1050 MB HIGH IN SIBERIA.
THE HIGH WIND WARNING HAS BEEN REPLACED WITH A BLIZZARD WARNING AS
SNOW AND BLOWING SNOW WILL REDUCE VISIBILITIES TO NEAR ZERO AT TIMES.

SOUTH WINDS WILL BRING UPSLOPE SNOWS TO THE BROOKS RANGE. AMOUNTS
OVER THE 24 HOUR PERIOD WILL REACH WARNING CRITERIA OVER ALL ZONES
ON THE SOUTH SLOPES OF THE BROOKS RANGE.

THE ARCTIC FRONT HAS BEEN FORCED NORTH AND RESIDES FROM THE YUKON
DELTA ACROSS THE ALASKA RANGE. THIS HAS ALLOWED SNOW TO MOVE FROM
NORTH TO SOUTH OVER MOST AREAS WEST OF THE ALASKA RANGE. FREEZING
DRIZZLE HAS MIXED IN WITH THE SNOW NEAR KOTZEBUE SOUND AND POINTS
EAST AS THE WARM AIR OVERRIDES THE COLD DOME IN PLACE.

THE LOW WILL MOVE INTO BRISTOL BAY AND WEAKEN TO 960 MB BY
THURSDAY EVENING. THIS WILL CONTINUE A LIGHT SOUTH FLOW ACROSS THE
ALASKA RANGE BUT THE CHINOOK CONDITIONS WILL WEAKEN.
HOWEVER...LIGHT SNOW WILL CONTINUE THROUGH THE WEEK ACROSS THE
WEST COAST. WINDS WILL DIMINISH BY LATE THURSDAY OVER THE SAINT
LAWRENCE ISLAND AS THE LOW WEAKENS.

WEAK RIDGING OVER THE CENTRAL ARCTIC OCEAN COMBINED WITH THE
ALEUTIAN LOW WILL KEEP EAST WINDS BLOWING ACROSS THE ARCTIC COAST
THROUGH THE NEXT 48 HOURS. BLOWING SNOW ADVISORIES WILL EXTEND
INTO THURSDAY WHEN WINDS WILL DIMINISH FROM 20 TO 30 KTS TO 10 TO
20 KTS.

&&

.AFG WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
HEAVY SNOW WARNING FOR AKZ206.

BLIZZARD WARNING FOR AKZ213.

HIGH WIND WARNING FOR AKZ225-AKZ226.

SNOW ADVISORY FOR AKZ218.

WIND ADVISORY FOR AKZ223.

WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FOR AKZ215-AKZ216-AKZ217.

WINTER STORM WARNING FOR AKZ207-AKZ208-AKZ209-AKZ210-AKZ211-
AKZ212-AKZ219.

BLOWING SNOW ADVISORY FOR AKZ201-AKZ202-AKZ203-AKZ204-AKZ205-
AKZ214-AKZ220-AKZ221-AKZ222-AKZ224.

GALE WARNING FOR PKZ210.

BRISK WIND ADVISORY FOR PKZ200-PKZ210-PKZ215-PKZ220-PKZ225-
PKZ230.
&&

AT DEC 05

The office that day

Everything else NWS Fairbanks, AK issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Dec 7, 8:00 PM AKSTWinter Weather AdvisoryAFG33 hr
Dec 7, 10:59 PM AKSTGale WarningAFG33 hr
Dec 8, 1:01 AM AKSTSnow AdvisoryAFG28 hr
Dec 8, 4:49 AM AKSTFreezing Rain AdvisoryAFG10 hr
Dec 8, 9:29 AM AKSTFreezing Rain AdvisoryAFG12 hr

Nearby

Gale Warnings in Alaska, 2005Every gale warning in 2005

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.