Alert archive / Iowa / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2004
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 159, NWS Sioux Falls, SD
NWS Sioux Falls, SD issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 22, 2004, 11:33 PM CDT for Ida County, Iowa. It was in force for 27 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- May 22, 2004, 11:33 PM CDT (04:33 UTC)
- Expired
- May 23, 2004, 12:00 AM CDT
- In force
- 27 min
- Issued by
- NWS Sioux Falls, SD
- Area
- Counties, with a storm outline in the text
County Ida County, IA
The radar
The Omaha radar (KOAX), 140 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 04:35 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Omaha, NE (KOAX), launched 00:00Z, 4.6 hours before the alert went out and 140 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 2882 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -5 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1091 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 64 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 51 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 260 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 4.2
- Supercell composite
- 16.7
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
842
WUUS53 KFSD 230433
SVRFSD
IAC093-230500-
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
1133 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SIOUX FALLS HAS ISSUED A
* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
IDA COUNTY IN NORTHWEST IOWA
* UNTIL MIDNIGHT CDT
* AT 1129 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS
OF 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR BATTLE CREEK...OR ABOUT 7
MILES WEST OF IDA GROVE...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 30 MPH.
* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
ARTHUR AROUND 1140 PM CDT
HOLSTEIN AROUND 1145 PM CDT
GALVA AROUND 1155 PM CDT
WINDS UP TO 50 MPH WERE REPORTED IN OTO IN WOODBURY COUNTY AT
1120 PM WITH THIS STORM. THIS IS A DANGEROUS STORM...SEEK SAFE
SHELTER AND STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS
LAT...LON 4225 9568 4224 9534 4248 9533 4248 9540
4256 9540 4256 9567
$$
JHWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Sioux Falls, SD wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 22, 8:04 PM CDT, 3 hours 29 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, May 22, 8:04 PM CDT, 3 hours 29 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR SOUTHEAST SD/SOUTHWEST MN/NORTHWEST IA NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD 804 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004 .DISCUSSION... RADAR MOISIACS SHOWING NUMEROUS SUPERCELLS DEVELOPING ALONG WARM FRONT WITCH IS SITTING WELL SOUTH OF CWA. LEADING EDGE OF RETURNS WITH THE APPROACHING SHORTWAVE JUST BEGINNING TO ENTER THE SOUTHWEST CWA. ONLY REAL CHANGES MADE TO GOING FORECAST IS DO ADJUST TIMING AND POPS SLIGHTLY. STILL LOOKS LIKE POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN TONIGHT AS WAVE ENTERS THE CWA...BUT AM CONCERNED THAT STRONG CONVECTION ALONG THE WARM FRONT MAY ROB US OF OUR MOISTURE. THIS WILL HAVE TO BE WATCHED AND CURRENT INDICATIONS STILL SUPPORT FLOOD WATCH AS FF GUIDANCE VALUES INDICATE ITS NOT GOING TO TAKE MUCH RAIN TO GET SOME FLOODING. .PREV DISCUSSION... LATEST WATER VAPOR LOOP SHOWS A POTENT UPPER LEVEL WAVE WITH A VERY NICE DRY SLOT WORKING INTO SW NE. THE 18Z SURFACE ANALYSIS HAS A SYNOPTIC FRONT FROM ABOUT KOGA TO KOFK TO KALO. A DEVELOPING WARM AND MUCH MORE MOIST FRONT WAS LOCATED FROM ABOUT KHLC TO KCNK TO KSTJ. LOOKS TO BE A MESO LOW FORMING NEAR KHLC WITH DRY/HOT AIR WORKING INTO CENTRAL KS. FOR LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT...MAY SEE TWO AREAS OF CONVECTION DEVELOP. ONE WILL BE ACROSS NW CO AND WESTERN NE WHERE STRONG LOW AND MID LEVEL FORCING WILL DEVELOP THIS AFTERNOON WITH MODERATE INSTABILITY. MOST LIKELY MOVEMENT/DEVELOPMENT OF THIS PRECIPITATION WILL TO THE NORTHEAST ALONG SYNOPTIC BOUNDARY. NEXT AREA SHOULD BE OVER EASTERN NE AS DEVELOPING WARM FRONT CONTINUES TO LIFT NORTH. MOVEMENT OF THIS ACTIVITY SHOULD ALSO BE NORTHEAST...WITH RIGHT MOVING SUPERCELLS HEADING EASTNORTHEAST AND LEFT MOVING SUPERCELLS MOVING ALMOST DUE NORTH. WITH THIS MOVEMENT AND EXPECTED LOCATION OF WARM FRONT THIS AFTERNOON...WE SHOULD SEE SOME SEVERE WEATHER FAR SOUTHERN CWA LATE AFTERNOON AND EVENING. WILL CONTINUE FLOOD WATCH WITH SATURATED GROUND OVER CURRENT WATCH AREA AND POTENTIAL FOR SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL AMOUNTS TONIGHT. WILL ALSO BUMP POPS OVER SOUTHERN HALF OF CWA AS MISSING OUT ON RAINFALL IN THAT AREA SEEMS DIFFICULT. ANOTHER ROUND OF CONVECTION POSSIBLE AGAIN LATE SUNDAY INTO MONDAY AS ANOTHER DECENT WAVE PASSES THROUGH. WILL HAVE SOME LATE NIGHT POPS FOR ELEVATED RETURN FLOW ACTIVITY...THEN A DECENT CHANCE FOR THE EASTERN CWA DURING THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING. CURRENTLY LOOKING LIKE SOUTHEAST CWA WILL SEE BEST CHANCE FOR SEVERE WEATHER MONDAY AFTERNOON/EVENING. NEXT BETTER WAVE PROGGED BY BOTH THE ECMWF AND MRF TO COME OUT FRIDAY INTO SATURDAY...AND WILL HAVE POPS FOR THIS. NOT PLANNING ON CHANGING MUCH TEMPERATUREWISE FROM GOING FORECAST OVER THE NEXT SEVERAL DAYS. THE MAIN CHANGE COME FOR SUNDAY...WHERE CLOUDS AND COOLER AIR SHOULD KEEP MOST LOCATIONS FROM HEATING UP. SHOOTING FOR NEAR 60 IN SW MN...TO THE MID 70S OVER THE SOUTHERN MO VALLEY. && .FSD...WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SD...FLOOD WATCH TONIGHT ZONES 076-070-071. MN...FLOOD WATCH TONIGHT ZONES 081-089-090. IA...FLOOD WATCH TONIGHT ALL ZONES. NE...FLOOD WATCH TONIGHT ALL ZONES. && JRM
Hazardous weather outlook, May 22, 4:04 PM CDT, 7 hours 29 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK...CORRECTED NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD 404 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004 SDZ038>040-050-052>071-MNZ071-072-080-081-089-090-097-098- IAZ001>003-012>014-020>022-031-032-NEZ013-014-231200- AURORA-BEADLE-BON HOMME-BROOKINGS-BRULE-BUENA VISTA IA- CHARLES MIX-CHEROKEE IA-CLAY-CLAY IA-COTTONWOOD MN-DAKOTA NE- DAVISON-DICKINSON IA-DIXON NE-DOUGLAS-GREGORY-HANSON-HUTCHINSON- IDA IA-JACKSON MN-JERAULD-KINGSBURY-LAKE-LINCOLN-LINCOLN MN- LYON IA-LYON MN-MCCOOK-MINER-MINNEHAHA-MOODY-MURRAY MN-NOBLES MN- OBRIEN IA-OSCEOLA IA-PIPESTONE MN-PLYMOUTH IA-ROCK MN-SANBORN- SIOUX IA-TURNER-UNION-WOODBURY IA-YANKTON- THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA... SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...NORTHWEST IOWA...AND NORTHEAST NEBRASKA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT THUNDERSTORMS... THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE AREA LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT ALONG AND SOUTH OF A LINE FROM VERMILLION TO STORM LAKE IOWA...WITH A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS NORTHWARD TO AROUND INTERSTATE 90. THUNDERSTORMS WILL RAPIDLY DEVELOP LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING ACROSS NEBRASKA. COVERAGE OF STORMS WILL BECOME MORE WIDESPREAD THIS EVENING IN THE LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...WHERE STORMS WILL LIKELY PRODUCE LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. FLOODING... HEAVY RAINS WILL BE POSSIBLE TONIGHT ACROSS SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA...NORTHWEST IOWA...SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...AND EXTREME NORTHEAST NEBRASKA...AS THUNDERSTORMS SPREAD NORTHEAST ACROSS THE AREA. A FLOOD WATCH IS IN EFFECT TONIGHT FOR NORTHWEST IOWA...EXTREME SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA...NORTHEAST NEBRASKA AND PARTS OF SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP LATER SUNDAY NIGHT TO THE NORTH OF A WARM FRONTAL BOUNDARY. OTHER STORMS SHOULD DEVELOP AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT MONDAY. A FEW OF THESE STORMS COULD BECOME SEVERE LATE SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY...MAINLY ALONG AND EAST OF INTERSTATE 29. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL BE POSSIBLE AFTER 5 PM CDT IN THE LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY THROUGH NORTHWEST IOWA...AND LIKELY AFTER 7 PM CDT IN AREAS SOUTH OF INTERSTATE 90. && FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT WWW.CRH.NOAA.GOV/FSD. THIS INCLUDES THE GRAPHICAL HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK. 08
In the hours before
Local storm report, May 22, 7:18 PM CDT, 4 hours 15 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
718 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0852 PM HAIL 4 WSW ROSSIE 42.99N 95.26W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH CLAY IA PUBLIC
0904 PM HAIL 7 SW ROCK VALLEY 43.13N 96.40W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH SIOUX IA PUBLIC
0945 PM HAIL 2 E CALUMET 42.94N 95.51W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH OBRIEN IA PUBLIC
1003 PM HAIL 9 NW ELK POINT 42.77N 96.81W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH UNION SD PUBLIC
1032 PM HAIL 5 N CENTERVILLE 43.19N 96.96W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH TURNER SD TRAINED SPOTTER
1035 PM HAIL 5 E GILLETT GROVE 43.02N 94.94W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH CLAY IA PUBLIC
1140 PM HAIL 7 ENE WAKEFIELD 42.31N 96.74W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH DIXON NE PUBLIC
&&
JCLocal storm report, May 22, 10:33 PM CDT, 1 hour before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT ... SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
1033 PM CDT SAT MAY 22 2004
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0110 AM HAIL ELLSWORTH 43.52N 96.02W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH NOBLES MN LAW ENFORCEMENT
0131 AM HAIL WORTHINGTON 43.63N 95.60W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH NOBLES MN TRAINED SPOTTER
0132 AM HAIL 5 SE REMSEN 42.76N 95.90W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH PLYMOUTH IA PUBLIC
0135 AM HAIL 4 SSW MARCUS 42.77N 95.84W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH CHEROKEE IA PUBLIC
0255 AM HAIL OCHEYEDAN 43.42N 95.54W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH OSCEOLA IA TRAINED SPOTTER
0300 AM HAIL 2 NW LAKE PARK 43.47N 95.35W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH DICKINSON IA PUBLIC
0306 AM HAIL HARRIS 43.45N 95.43W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH OSCEOLA IA BROADCAST MEDIA
0923 AM HAIL 5 SE ROCK VALLEY 43.15N 96.23W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH SIOUX IA TRAINED SPOTTER
1029 AM HAIL 1 E HARTLEY 43.18N 95.46W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH OBRIEN IA TRAINED SPOTTER
1029 AM HAIL HARTLEY 43.18N 95.48W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH OBRIEN IA TRAINED SPOTTER
1036 AM HAIL 4 E HARTLEY 43.18N 95.40W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH OBRIEN IA CO-OP OBSERVER
1040 AM HAIL 1 NW EVERLY 43.17N 95.34W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH CLAY IA BROADCAST MEDIA
1051 AM HAIL 5 W SPENCER 43.15N 95.25W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH CLAY IA BROADCAST MEDIA
1100 AM HAIL SPENCER 43.15N 95.15W
05/21/2004 2.50 INCH CLAY IA TRAINED SPOTTER
1105 AM HAIL SPENCER 43.15N 95.15W
05/21/2004 4.25 INCH CLAY IA BROADCAST MEDIA
FELL ON THE WEST SIDE OF TOWN
1106 AM HAIL SPENCER 43.15N 95.15W
05/21/2004 2.75 INCH CLAY IA BROADCAST MEDIA
FELL ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF TOWN
1115 AM HAIL DICKENS 43.13N 95.02W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH CLAY IA BROADCAST MEDIA
0350 PM HAIL SMITHLAND 42.23N 95.93W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH WOODBURY IA PUBLIC
0411 PM HAIL 7 NE REMSEN 42.88N 95.88W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH PLYMOUTH IA PUBLIC
0414 PM HAIL 5 NNW MARCUS 42.89N 95.85W
05/21/2004 1.50 INCH CHEROKEE IA PUBLIC
QUARTER TO PING PONG BALL SIZE MIXED
0425 PM HAIL 6 WSW PAULLINA 42.95N 95.80W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH OBRIEN IA TRAINED SPOTTER
0436 PM HAIL 6 E WASHTA 42.58N 95.60W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH CHEROKEE IA PUBLIC
0436 PM HAIL 3 N HOLSTEIN 42.53N 95.54W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH IDA IA PUBLIC
0450 PM HAIL AURELIA 42.71N 95.44W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH CHEROKEE IA TRAINED SPOTTER
0455 PM HAIL DICKENS 43.13N 95.02W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH CLAY IA BROADCAST MEDIA
0457 PM HAIL 1 N SUTHERLAND 42.99N 95.50W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH OBRIEN IA BROADCAST MEDIA
0500 PM HAIL 4 S HARTLEY 43.12N 95.48W
05/21/2004 1.50 INCH OBRIEN IA PUBLIC
0517 PM HAIL 1 SE ROYAL 43.05N 95.27W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH CLAY IA PUBLIC
0519 PM HAIL 5 S SPENCER 43.07N 95.15W
05/21/2004 4.25 INCH CLAY IA BROADCAST MEDIA
0519 PM HAIL 2 E ROYAL 43.06N 95.24W
05/21/2004 2.75 INCH CLAY IA TRAINED SPOTTER
0525 PM HAIL 5 NNE CHEROKEE 42.82N 95.51W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH CHEROKEE IA TRAINED SPOTTER
0527 PM HAIL 7 SW LINN GROVE 42.82N 95.34W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH BUENA VISTA IA PUBLIC
MOSTLY 1/2 TO 3/4 INCH HAIL
0530 PM HAIL 7 SE SPENCER 43.07N 95.05W
05/21/2004 1.50 INCH CLAY IA PUBLIC
0550 PM HAIL 5 W WEBB 42.95N 95.11W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH CLAY IA PUBLIC
0625 PM HAIL 5 NE GILLETT GROVE 43.07N 94.97W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH CLAY IA PUBLIC
0814 PM HAIL 4 NW ELK POINT 42.72N 96.74W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH UNION SD AMATEUR RADIO
0818 PM HAIL 6 N ELK POINT 42.77N 96.68W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH UNION SD TRAINED SPOTTER
0837 PM HAIL SUTHERLAND 42.97N 95.50W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH OBRIEN IA TRAINED SPOTTER
0845 PM HAIL 6 W MERRILL 42.72N 96.37W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH PLYMOUTH IA AMATEUR RADIO
0852 PM HAIL 4 WSW ROSSIE 42.99N 95.26W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH CLAY IA PUBLIC
0901 PM HAIL 4 W MERRILL 42.72N 96.33W
05/21/2004 2.75 INCH PLYMOUTH IA EMERGENCY MNGR
0904 PM HAIL 7 SW ROCK VALLEY 43.13N 96.40W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH SIOUX IA PUBLIC
0910 PM HAIL LE MARS 42.79N 96.17W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH PLYMOUTH IA EMERGENCY MNGR
0920 PM TORNADO 7 E YANKTON 42.89N 97.25W
05/21/2004 YANKTON SD EMERGENCY MNGR
0928 PM HAIL 2 W GILLETT GROVE 43.02N 95.07W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH CLAY IA TRAINED SPOTTER
0932 PM HAIL GAYVILLE 42.89N 97.17W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH YANKTON SD TRAINED SPOTTER
0933 PM HAIL 3 SW MECKLING 42.81N 97.11W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH CLAY SD TRAINED SPOTTER
0945 PM HAIL 4 SE WAKONDA 42.97N 97.05W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH CLAY SD AMATEUR RADIO
0945 PM HAIL 2 E CALUMET 42.94N 95.51W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH OBRIEN IA PUBLIC
0950 PM HAIL CHEROKEE 42.75N 95.55W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH CHEROKEE IA CO-OP OBSERVER
1000 PM HAIL VERMILLION 42.78N 96.93W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH CLAY SD AMATEUR RADIO
1003 PM HAIL 9 NW ELK POINT 42.77N 96.81W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH UNION SD PUBLIC
1007 PM FLASH FLOOD LE MARS 42.79N 96.17W
05/21/2004 PLYMOUTH IA AMATEUR RADIO
WATER COVERING HIGHWAY 3 AT LE MARS.
1032 PM HAIL 5 N CENTERVILLE 43.19N 96.96W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH TURNER SD TRAINED SPOTTER
1035 PM HAIL 5 E GILLETT GROVE 43.02N 94.94W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH CLAY IA PUBLIC
1037 PM HAIL 7 WNW BERESFORD 43.12N 96.91W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH LINCOLN SD TRAINED SPOTTER
1041 PM FLASH FLOOD GILLETT GROVE 43.02N 95.04W
05/21/2004 CLAY IA AMATEUR RADIO
4 TO 5 INCHES OF WATER COVERING THE ROADS AT GILLETT
GROVE.
1124 PM HAIL 1 S WILMONT 43.75N 95.83W
05/21/2004 0.75 INCH NOBLES MN TRAINED SPOTTER
1125 PM HAIL 1 E TEA 43.45N 96.82W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH LINCOLN SD AMATEUR RADIO
1125 PM HAIL HARRISBURG 43.43N 96.70W
05/21/2004 1.00 INCH LINCOLN SD AMATEUR RADIO
1140 PM HAIL 7 ENE WAKEFIELD 42.31N 96.74W
05/21/2004 0.88 INCH DIXON NE PUBLIC
1142 PM HAIL 7 WSW HOMER 42.28N 96.62W
05/21/2004 1.75 INCH DAKOTA NE PUBLIC
&&
SUMMARY OF EVENTS FROM 4 DISTINCT SEVERE WEATHER EPISODES ON FRIDAY
5/21/04.
JHNearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Iowa, 2004Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2004
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.