Alert archive / Kansas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2004
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 60, NWS Dodge City, KS
NWS Dodge City, KS issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 13, 2004, 1:27 AM CDT for Pratt County, Kansas. It was in force for 18 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- May 13, 2004, 1:27 AM CDT (06:27 UTC)
- Expired
- May 13, 2004, 1:45 AM CDT
- In force
- 18 min
- Issued by
- NWS Dodge City, KS
- Area
- Counties, with a storm outline in the text
County Pratt County, KS
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Dodge City, (KDDC), launched 00:00Z, 6.5 hours before the alert went out and 117 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1564 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -16 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1387 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 55 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 165 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 441 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 2.2
- Supercell composite
- 13.2
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
397 WUUS53 KDDC 130627 SVRDDC KSC151-130645- BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS 126 AM CDT THU MAY 13 2004 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN DODGE CITY HAS ISSUED A * SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR... EASTERN PRATT COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL KANSAS * UNTIL 145 AM CDT * AT 122 AM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 7 MILES SOUTH OF CAIRO...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 25 MPH. * THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR... CAIRO AROUND 135 AM CDT THIS WARNING EXTENDS THE PREVIOUS WARNING FOR PRATT COUNTY. LAT...LON 3748 9872 3748 9847 3780 9847 3779 9858 $$ 15
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Dodge City, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 12, 3:07 PM CDT, 10 hours 20 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, May 12, 3:07 PM CDT, 10 hours 20 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS 307 PM CDT WED MAY 12 2004 .DISCUSSION... DAYS 1-2... MAIN QUESTION FOR SHORT TERM IS CONVECTIVE INITIATION AND CONVECTIVE MODE. NOT A LOT OF TIME TODAY AS DIAGNOSIS AND COLLABORATION WERE BUSY JOBS TODAY. NO SURPRISES FROM THE PAST FEW DAYS INSOFAR AS SYNOPTIC SCALE EVOLUTION IS CONCERNED AS WAVE AFTER WAVE ALOFT DIGS THE UPPER TROUGH OVER THE WESTERN CONUS EVER EASTWARD INTO THE PLAINS WHILE A LOW LEVEL COLD FRONT HAD PLUNGED INTO THE PANHANDLES AND NORTHEAST NEW MEXICO BY THIS MORNING. BY AFTERNOON THE FRONT WAS STALLED FROM NORTHEAST KANSAS SOUTHWEST AND REMAINED JUST NORTH OF MEDICINE LODGE WITH A SMALL CYCLONE NEAR SLAPOUT OK AND A DRY LINE SOUTH ALONG THE OKLAHOMA TEXAS LINE. WESTWARD, THE FRONT PULLS BACK TO THE NORTH AS LEE CYCLOGENESIS TAKES PLACE AROUND TRINIDAD CO. FARTHER NORTH ACROSS NEBRASKA SOME REALLY COLD AIR IS BLASTING SOUTH OVERNIGHT. OUR THOUGHTS ARE THAT WE WILL SEE CONVECTIVE INITIATION NEAR THE FRONT/DRYLINE INTERSECTION WHICH WILL SUBSEQUENTLY EVOLVE INTO A FEW SUPERCELLS AND TRACK NORTHEAST ALONG THE SURFACE FRONT LEADING EDGE. SBCAPE AT THIS LOCATION COULD WELL BE AROUND 3000 J/KG BY CONVECTIVE INITIATION AND SHEAR IS MORE THAN SUFFICIENT FOR SOME ROTATING UPDRAFTS. FARTHER WEST, THE EASTERLY FLOW AGAINST THE HIGH TERRAIN OF COLORADO SHOULD HAVE ENOUGH MOISTURE TO FORCE SOME MECHANICALLY SPONSORED CONVECTION WHICH SHOULD THEN WORK EASTWARD ALONG THE HIGH THETAE RIDGE. THIS SYSTEM SHOULD BECOME QUICKLY MULTICELLULAR IN NATURE AND WILL HAVE CONSIDERABLE MOISTURE TO DRAW ON WHEN IT REACHES THE FORECAST AREA LATER TONIGHT. CURRENTLY AM EXPECTING TO SEE A SIZABLE MCS TYPE SYSTEM BLAST ACROSS SOUTHWEST KANSAS ON THE ELEVATED BAROCLINIC ZONE OF THE SURFACE FRONT. INITIALLY IT WILL BE AN ICE MACHINE TURNING TO WINDS AND EXTREMELY HEAVY RAINS AS PRECIPITABLE WATER ACROSS THE CWA IS FROM 3 TO 4 TIMES NORMAL. WILL ISSUE A FLOOD WATCH FOR FLASH FLOODING ACROSS MY CENTRAL ZONES TO COVER THIS SYSTEM. THE MCS WILL DRIVE THE FRONT WELL SOUTH OF THE AREA WITH THE HELP OF THE NEAR ARCTIC AIR COMING OUT OF NEBRASKA THIS AFTERNOON. THURSDAY SHOULD BE CLOUDY, BREEZY AND QUITE CHILLY AND HAVE LOWERED TEMPERATURES AGAIN. SUBSIDENCE THURSDAY NIGHT INTO FRIDAY WILL CLEAR SKIES WITH FRIDAY MORNING LOWS MAINLY IN THE 30S. WITH HIGH SUN ANGLES AND CLEAR SKIES, FRIDAY SHOULD RECOVER NICELY WITH HIGHS BACK INTO THE 60S AGAIN. DAYS 3-7... THE MOST IMPORTANT CHANGE IN THE EXTENDED FORECAST IS TO WARM TEMPERATURES UP EARLY TO MID NEXT WEEK AS FLOW BECOMES MORE ZONAL AND LEESIDE LOW DEVELOPS AGAIN OVER EASTERN COLORADO. THE INCREASED SOUTHEASTERLY FLOW SHOULD DRAW LOW LEVEL MOISTURE BACK ONTO THE HIGH PLAINS. AT THIS TIME, ITS FAIRLY DIFFICULT TO FIGURE OUT EXACTLY WHICH DAY IS THE BEST OPPORTUNITY FOR PRECIPITATION WITH THE MOISTURE RETURN, AND I DECIDED NOT TO CHANGE ANYTHING IN THE POP/WX GRIDS AT THIS TIME. WILL MAINTAIN THAT CHANCE ON SUNDAY, KEEPING THINGS DRY FOR NOW MONDAY AND TUESDAY. WITHOUT THE AID IF A SIGNIFICANT SHORTWAVE TROUGH, ANY STORMS THAT DEVELOP ON THE DRYLINE WILL BE ISOLATED IN NATURE. UPPER TROUGH OVER THE NORTHWEST WILL BEGIN MOVING INTO THE NORTHERN ROCKIES ON THE ORDER OF MID NEXT WEEK, BUT THIS IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE GIVEN THE UNCERTAINTY IN THE DETAILS AT THIS TIME RANGE. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... DDC 51 55 36 67 / 70 00 00 00 GCK 46 53 36 68 / 70 00 00 00 EHA 48 56 38 69 / 70 00 00 00 LBL 51 57 38 69 / 70 00 00 00 HYS 49 52 37 66 / 70 20 00 00 P28 58 62 47 67 / 70 00 00 00 && .DDC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... KS...KSZ031-045-046-062>066-075>081 FLASH FLOOD WATCH TONIGHT. && JOHNSON/UMSCHEID
Hazardous weather outlook, May 12, 3:59 PM CDT, 9 hours 28 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS 359 PM CDT WED MAY 12 2004 KSZ030-031-043>046-061>066-074>081-084>090-131000- BARBER-CLARK-COMANCHE-EDWARDS-ELLIS-FINNEY-FORD-GRANT-GRAY-HAMILTON- HASKELL-HODGEMAN-KEARNY-KIOWA-LANE-MEADE-MORTON-NESS-PAWNEE-PRATT- RUSH-SCOTT-SEWARD-STAFFORD-STANTON-STEVENS-TREGO- 359 PM CDT (259 PM MDT) WED MAY 12 2004 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHWEST KANSAS. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT ACROSS SOUTHWEST KANSAS. LATE THIS AFTERNOON, A STATIONARY FRONT WAS LOCATED FROM SAINT JOHN TO ASHLAND, WHICH WILL SERVE AS A FOCUS FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT. VERY LARGE HAIL, DAMAGING WINDS, AND AN ISOLATED TORNADO ARE EXPECTED WITH ANY OF THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS. A SECOND AREA OF ORGANIZED THUNDERSTORMS WILL MOVE EAST INTO SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS LATE TONIGHT FROM COLORADO. THESE STORMS WILL ALSO LIKELY PRODUCE DAMAGING WINDS AND LARGE HAIL. ALONG WITH THIS THREAT, VERY HEAVY RAINFALL IS ALSO POSSIBLE, AND A FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR AREAS ALONG THE ARKANSAS RIVER VALLEY. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTERS WILL BE NEEDED FOR SEVERE WEATHER REPORTS OVER SOUTHWEST KANSAS GENERALLY ALONG AND SOUTH OF THE ARKANSAS RIVER AFTER 5 PM CDT, CONTINUING INTO THE OVERNIGHT HOURS. . UMSCHEID
In the hours before
Local storm report, May 12, 8:50 PM CDT, 4 hours 37 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
850 PM CDT WED MAY 12 2004
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0650 PM TORNADO 10 S MEDICINE LODGE 37.14N 98.58W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS LAW ENFORCEMENT
20FT BY 30FT OLD BARN HIT.
0655 PM HAIL 6 N CROFT 37.58N 98.99W
05/12/2004 1.75 INCH PRATT KS PUBLIC
0703 PM HAIL 1 W SAWYER 37.50N 98.70W
05/12/2004 1.00 INCH PRATT KS TRAINED SPOTTER
0712 PM TORNADO 8 E MEDICINE LODGE 37.29N 98.43W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS STORM CHASER
0715 PM HAIL 10 S DILLWYN 37.83N 98.87W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH STAFFORD KS PUBLIC
0720 PM TORNADO 4 SW SHARON 37.21N 98.47W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS STORM CHASER
0743 PM HAIL 4 NNW ST. JOHN 38.05N 98.79W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH STAFFORD KS TRAINED SPOTTER
0801 PM HAIL 5 S ST. JOHN 37.93N 98.76W
05/12/2004 0.88 INCH STAFFORD KS TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
BURGERTLocal storm report, May 12, 9:55 PM CDT, 3 hours 32 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
955 PM CDT WED MAY 12 2004
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0944 PM HAIL 5 E SAWYER 37.50N 98.59W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH PRATT KS TRAINED SPOTTER
0948 PM HAIL 3 ENE SAWYER 37.51N 98.63W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
&&
BURGERTSpecial weather statement, May 12, 10:01 PM CDT, 3 hours 26 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS 1001 PM CDT WED MAY 12 2004 KSZ046-064>066-077>081-087>090-130400- BARBER-CLARK-COMANCHE-EDWARDS-FORD-GRAY-HODGEMAN-KIOWA-MEADE-PAWNEE- PRATT-RUSH-STAFFORD- 1001 PM CDT WED MAY 12 2004 ...TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 193 HAS BEEN ALLOWED TO EXPIRE... THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES: BARBER...CLARK...COMANCHE...EDWARDS...FORD...GRAY...HODGEMAN... KIOWA...MEADE...PAWNEE...PRATT...RUSH...STAFFORD. THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTH CENTRAL KANSAS THROUGH THE EARLY MORNING HOURS. SOME OF THESE STORMS WILL STILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING FREQUENT LIGHTNING, PERIODS OF HEAVY RAIN AND HAIL BUT THE DANGER OF TORNADOES HAVE DECREASED. AS A RESULT THE TORNADO WATCH HAS BEEN ALLOWED TO EXPIRE. 18
Local storm report, May 12, 11:13 PM CDT, 2 hours 14 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
1113 PM CDT WED MAY 12 2004
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1022 PM HAIL 9 WSW MEDICINE LODGE 37.24N 98.73W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH BARBER KS TRAINED SPOTTER
1022 PM HAIL 17 SE COLDWATER 37.08N 99.12W
05/12/2004 0.88 INCH COMANCHE KS TRAINED SPOTTER
1026 PM HAIL 4 E SAWYER 37.50N 98.61W
05/12/2004 0.88 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
1035 PM HAIL 5 E BUTTERMILK 37.11N 99.25W
05/12/2004 1.00 INCH COMANCHE KS TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
BURGERTSpecial weather statement, May 12, 11:52 PM CDT, 1 hour 35 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS 1152 PM CDT WED MAY 12 2004 KSZ043-061>063-130530- FINNEY-HAMILTON-KEARNY-SCOTT- 1152 PM CDT (1052 PM MDT) WED MAY 12 2004 ...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH NUMBER 195 WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE AT MIDNIGHT... THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES: FINNEY...HAMILTON...KEARNY...SCOTT ALTHOUGH THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTH CENTRAL KANSAS THROUGH THE EARLY MORNING HOURS. THESE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO REMAIN BELOW SEVERE LEVELS. 18
Local storm report, May 12, 11:59 PM CDT, 1 hour 28 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT ... CORRECTION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
1159 PM CDT WED MAY 12 2004
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION...ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0615 PM HAIL 12 E COLDWATER 37.26N 99.12W
05/12/2004 1.50 INCH COMANCHE KS STORM CHASER
0642 PM HAIL 8 SSW MEDICINE LODGE 37.18N 98.64W
05/12/2004 1.00 INCH BARBER KS PUBLIC
0647 PM HAIL 4 NNE BELVIDERE 37.49N 99.05W
05/12/2004 1.00 INCH KIOWA KS TRAINED SPOTTER
0650 PM TORNADO 10 S MEDICINE LODGE 37.14N 98.58W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS LAW ENFORCEMENT
20FT BY 30FT OLD BARN HIT.
0650 PM HAIL 9 W PRATT 37.65N 98.90W
05/12/2004 1.75 INCH PRATT KS STORM CHASER
0655 PM HAIL 6 N CROFT 37.58N 98.99W
05/12/2004 1.75 INCH PRATT KS PUBLIC
0655 PM HAIL 2 W CULLISON 37.63N 98.94W
05/12/2004 0.88 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
0700 PM HAIL SAWYER 37.50N 98.68W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
0701 PM TORNADO 6 SSW PRATT 37.57N 98.78W
05/12/2004 PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
0701 PM TORNADO 5 SSW PRATT 37.58N 98.77W
05/12/2004 PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
0703 PM HAIL 1 W SAWYER 37.50N 98.70W
05/12/2004 1.00 INCH PRATT KS TRAINED SPOTTER
0712 PM TORNADO 8 E MEDICINE LODGE 37.29N 98.43W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS STORM CHASER
0713 PM TORNADO 3 SE MEDICINE LODGE 37.26N 98.54W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS NWS EMPLOYEE
0715 PM HAIL 10 S DILLWYN 37.83N 98.87W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH STAFFORD KS PUBLIC
0715 PM TORNADO 5 SE MEDICINE LODGE 37.23N 98.52W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS STORM CHASER
0716 PM TORNADO 8 SSE MEDICINE LODGE 37.18N 98.52W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS NWS EMPLOYEE
0717 PM TORNADO 5 N HAZELTON 37.09N 98.40W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS STORM CHASER
0720 PM TORNADO 4 SW SHARON 37.21N 98.47W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS STORM CHASER
0720 PM HAIL 1 SE PRATT 37.64N 98.72W
05/12/2004 1.75 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
0720 PM HAIL 2 S SAWYER 37.47N 98.68W
05/12/2004 1.00 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
0725 PM TORNADO 5 S SHARON 37.18N 98.42W
05/12/2004 BARBER KS STORM CHASER
0730 PM HAIL 1 SW PRATT 37.64N 98.75W
05/12/2004 1.75 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
0730 PM HAIL IUKA 37.73N 98.73W
05/12/2004 1.75 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
0730 PM HAIL 7 WSW PRATT 37.61N 98.85W
05/12/2004 1.75 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
0743 PM HAIL 4 NNW ST. JOHN 38.05N 98.79W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH STAFFORD KS TRAINED SPOTTER
0801 PM HAIL 5 S ST. JOHN 37.93N 98.76W
05/12/2004 0.88 INCH STAFFORD KS TRAINED SPOTTER
0805 PM HAIL 8 N HUDSON 38.22N 98.66W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH STAFFORD KS TRAINED SPOTTER
0944 PM HAIL 5 E SAWYER 37.50N 98.59W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH PRATT KS TRAINED SPOTTER
0948 PM HAIL 3 ENE SAWYER 37.51N 98.63W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
1012 PM HAIL 8 NNW MEDICINE LODGE 37.39N 98.64W
05/12/2004 1.00 INCH BARBER KS TRAINED SPOTTER
1022 PM HAIL 9 WSW MEDICINE LODGE 37.24N 98.73W
05/12/2004 0.75 INCH BARBER KS TRAINED SPOTTER
1022 PM HAIL 17 SE COLDWATER 37.08N 99.12W
05/12/2004 0.88 INCH COMANCHE KS TRAINED SPOTTER
1026 PM HAIL 4 E SAWYER 37.50N 98.61W
05/12/2004 0.88 INCH PRATT KS EMERGENCY MNGR
1035 PM HAIL 5 E BUTTERMILK 37.11N 99.25W
05/12/2004 1.00 INCH COMANCHE KS TRAINED SPOTTER
1115 PM HAIL WAKEENEY 39.02N 99.88W
05/12/2004 1.00 INCH TREGO KS PUBLIC
&&
BURGERTThe office that day
Everything else NWS Dodge City, KS issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 12, 7:12 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DDC | Stafford | 63 min |
| May 12, 7:14 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | DDC | Barber | 31 min |
| May 12, 7:40 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | DDC | Pratt | 40 min |
| May 12, 9:36 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DDC | Barber, Pratt | 39 min |
| May 12, 9:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DDC | Comanche | 49 min |
| May 12, 10:15 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DDC | Barber | 45 min |
| May 12, 11:27 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DDC | Barber, Pratt | 48 min |
| May 13, 12:19 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DDC | Stafford | 41 min |
| May 13, 12:44 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DDC | Barber | 31 min |
| May 13, 1:01 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DDC | Pratt | 29 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Kansas, 2004Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2004
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.