Alert archive / Indiana / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 1998
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 174, NWS Northern Indiana
NWS Northern Indiana issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 21, 1998, 7:44 PM EST for Elkhart County, Saint Joseph County, Indiana; Berrien County, Cass County, Michigan. It was in force for 61 min. 3 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 21, 1998, 7:44 PM EST (00:44 UTC)
- Expired
- Jul 21, 1998, 8:45 PM EST
- In force
- 61 min
- Issued by
- NWS Northern Indiana
- Area
- Whole counties
Counties Elkhart County, IN, Saint Joseph County, IN, Berrien County, MI, Cass County, MI
The radar
The Northern Indiana radar (KIWX), 58 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 00:47 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 21, 7:48 PM EST | Thunderstorm Wind 52 | Dowagiac, MI | NUMEROUS LARGE TREES DOWN AROUND COUNTY. |
| Jul 21, 8:15 PM EST | Thunderstorm Wind 56 | Goshen, IN | NUMEROUS TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN. SIDING RIPPED OFF HOUSES. |
| Jul 21, 8:15 PM EST | Thunderstorm Wind 50 | Buchanon, MI | TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN. |
NCEI Storm Data entries that began inside the alert's area while it was in force. Before 2003 the local storm report archive is thin, so this is the record of what happened rather than what was phoned in.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 21, 3:00 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 5 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Detroit, MI (KDTX), launched 00:00Z, 0.7 hours before the alert went out and 247 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 23 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -374 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1967 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 31 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 133 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 247 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 TTAA00 KFWA 220046 RRA SVRFWA INC039-141-MIC021-027-220145- BULLETIN- EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA 744 PM EST (744 PM CDT) TUE JUL 21 1998 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN NORTHERN INDIANA HAS ISSUED A * SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR... SOUTHERN BERRIEN COUNTY IN SOUTHWESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN SOUTHERN CASS COUNTY IN SOUTHWESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN ELKHART COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL INDIANA ST JOSEPH COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL INDIANA * UNTIL 945 PM EDT (845 PM EST) * AT 841 PM EDT (741 PM EST)... DOPPLER RADAR AT NORTH WEBSTER INDICATED A LINE OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDING FROM CASSOPOLIS TO GALIEN MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 40 MPH. * SOME LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THIS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM ARE... SOUTH BEND MISHAWAKA GRANGER EDWARDSBURG ELKHART GOSHEN SEEK SHELTER INSIDE A STURDY BUILDING AWAY FROM WINDOWS. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCE DESTRUCTIVE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. TAL/BFO
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Northern Indiana wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 21, 1:25 PM EST, 6 hours 19 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 21, 1:25 PM EST, 6 hours 19 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA 125 PM EST TUE JUL 21 1998 FORECAST CONCERNS ARE PRECIP CHANCES AND SEVERE WEATHER THREAT THROUGH THE FORECAST PERIOD. KLOT RADAR CURRENTLY SHOWING A SLOWLY INTENSIFYING LINE OF STORMS ACROSS NORTHERN ILLINOIS AND SOUTHERN WISCONSIN. KLOT RADAR SHOWING WEAK REFLECTIVITIES INCREASING ALONG THE SOUTHERN END OF THE LINE.. INDICATING ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT. WOULD LIKE MENTION OF SCATTERED STORMS AND SEVERE WORDING FOR ENTIRE AREA THIS EVENING. HIGH CAPE VALUES ACROSS THE AREA AT TIME.. AND KIWX VWP SHOWING PROFILE FAVORABLE FOR DAMAGING WINDS. ETA/NGM MODELS BECOMING A BIT MORE CONSISTENT.. THOUGH HAVE SOME RESERVATIONS STILL WITH DETAILS. BOTH MODELS INDICATE FRONTAL BOUNDARY CURRENTLY TO THE NORTH BECOMING STATIONARY ACROSS NORTHERN INDIANA. MOISTURE POOLING ALONG THE FRONT AS PW VALUES INCREASE TO NEARLY 2 INCHES BY TOMORROW AFTERNOON. FRONTOGENESIS PROGS... LOW LEVEL MOISTURE FIELDS... AND MID LEVEL THICKNESSES INDICATE SERIES OF CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS PLAGUING OUR AREA THROUGH 48 HOURS. MCS DEVELOPMENT LIKELY LATER TONIGHT OUT TO THE WEST.. WITH ACTIVITY WORKING INTO AREA AROUND DAYBREAK. DEVELOPMENT ALSO POSSIBLE TOMORROW AFTERNOON AS AMS BECOMES UNSTABLE ONCE AGAIN. WOULD RECOMMEND LIKELY POPS TONIGHT/TOMORROW.. WITH GOOD CHANCE POPS IN LATER PERIODS. HEAVY RAINFALL MAY BECOME A PROBLEM TOMORROW OR TOMORROW NIGHT... BUT THIS CAN WAIT UNTIL LATER FORECASTS TO BE ADDRESSED. RECOMMEND TEMPS TOMORROW A BIT HIGHER THAN FWC/FAN GUIDANCE... AS MOST OF CWA SHOULD BE ALONG OR SOUTH OF SURFACE FRONT. GUIDANCE TEMPS FOR OTHER PERIODS SHOULD BE FINE. SBN 072/089 069/080 060 09665 FWA 073/090 070/083 062 09565 AOH 074/090 072/084 062 09455 .IWX...NONE. MARGRAF!
In the hours before
Local storm report, Jul 21, 5:07 PM EST, 2 hours 37 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
507 PM EST TUE JUL 21 1998
TIME(EST) .....CITY LOCATION..... STATE ...EVENT/REMARKS...
....COUNTY LOCATION....
0425 PM COLDWATER MI WIND DAMAGE
07/21/98 BRANCH TREES DOWN
0435 PM 5 ESE COLDWATER MI .75 INCH HAIL
07/21/98 BRANCH HAM REPORT
0435 PM LITCHFIELD MI WIND DAMAGE
07/21/98 HILLSDALE TREES AND POWER LINES
DOWNLocal storm report, Jul 21, 6:38 PM EST, 1 hour 6 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
638 PM EST TUE JUL 21 1998
TIME(EST) .....CITY LOCATION..... STATE ...EVENT/REMARKS...
....COUNTY LOCATION....
0636 PM CENTREVILLE MI 1.75 INCH HAIL
07/21/98 ST.JOSEPHLocal storm report, Jul 21, 6:38 PM EST, 1 hour 6 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
638 PM EST TUE JUL 21 1998
TIME(EST) .....CITY LOCATION..... STATE ...EVENT/REMARKS...
....COUNTY LOCATION....
0636 PM CENTREVILLE MI 1.75 INCH HAIL
07/21/98 ST.JOSEPHLocal storm report, Jul 21, 6:39 PM EST, 1 hour 5 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTION...
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
639 PM EST TUE JUL 21 1998
TIME(EST) .....CITY LOCATION..... STATE ...EVENT/REMARKS...
....COUNTY LOCATION....
0636 PM COLDWATER MI 1.75 INCH HAIL
07/21/98 BRANCHLocal storm report, Jul 21, 6:39 PM EST, 1 hour 5 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTION...
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
639 PM EST TUE JUL 21 1998
TIME(EST) .....CITY LOCATION..... STATE ...EVENT/REMARKS...
....COUNTY LOCATION....
0636 PM COLDWATER MI 1.75 INCH HAIL
07/21/98 BRANCHSpecial weather statement, Jul 21, 7:36 PM EST, 8 minutes before
INZ004-220105- SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA 734 PM EST (734 PM CDT) TUE JUL 21 1998 ...FUNNEL CLOUD REPORTED IN NORTHWEST ST JOSEPH COUNTY... A FUNNEL CLOUD WAS REPORTED IN NORTHWEST ST JOSEPH COUNTY INDIANA NEAR NEW CARLISLE AT COUNTY ROAD 2. TAL
The office that day
Everything else NWS Northern Indiana issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 21, 7:19 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | LaPorte | 31 min |
| Jul 21, 8:00 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | LaGrange, Steuben | 60 min |
| Jul 21, 8:13 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Kosciusko, Marshall, Noble | 62 min |
| Jul 21, 8:23 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Allen, Whitley | 62 min |
| Jul 21, 8:23 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | DeKalb | 62 min |
| Jul 21, 8:52 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Huntington, Wabash | 48 min |
| Jul 21, 9:01 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Cass, Fulton, Miami | 59 min |
| Jul 21, 9:08 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Adams | 62 min |
| Jul 21, 9:08 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Wells | 62 min |
| Jul 21, 9:13 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Kosciusko | 32 min |
| Jul 21, 9:27 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Pulaski, White | 48 min |
| Jul 21, 9:35 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Allen, Whitley | 45 min |
| Jul 21, 9:41 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Huntington, Wabash | 64 min |
| Jul 21, 9:56 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Cass, Miami | 49 min |
| Jul 21, 10:05 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Elkhart, LaGrange, Noble | 50 min |
| Jul 21, 10:16 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Adams, Wells | 64 min |
| Jul 21, 10:29 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Blackford, Grant | 61 min |
| Jul 21, 10:29 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Jay | 61 min |
| Jul 21, 10:44 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Huntington, Miami, Wabash | 46 min |
| Jul 21, 11:54 PM EST | Flash Flood Warning | IWX | Allen, Huntington, Wells, Whitley | 3 hr |
| Jul 22, 12:14 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | IWX | Kosciusko, Wabash | 3 hr |
| Jul 22, 1:32 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | IWX | Fulton, Miami | 103 min |
| Jul 22, 1:32 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | IWX | Adams | 103 min |
| Jul 22, 3:00 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | IWX | Huntington, Wabash, Wells | 4 hr |
| Jul 22, 3:00 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | IWX | Adams | 4 hr |
| Jul 22, 3:00 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | IWX | Cass, Fulton, Miami, Pulaski, White | 4 hr |
| Jul 22, 3:31 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | IWX | Allen | 3 hr |
| Jul 21, 7:03 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Cass | 47 min |
| Jul 21, 7:07 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Branch | 63 min |
| Jul 21, 7:25 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Hillsdale | 50 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Indiana, 1998Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Michigan, 1998Every severe thunderstorm warning in 1998
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; verification from NCEI's Storm Data; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.