Alert archive / Minnesota / Tornado Warnings in 1998

Tornado Warning 27, NWS Duluth, MN

June 1, 1998Saint Louis County, Minnesota

NWS Duluth, MN issued this tornado warning at Jun 1, 1998, 4:12 PM CDT for Saint Louis County, Minnesota. It was in force for 63 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Jun 1, 1998, 4:12 PM CDT (21:12 UTC)
Expired
Jun 1, 1998, 5:15 PM CDT
In force
63 min
Issued by
NWS Duluth, MN
Area
Whole counties

County Saint Louis County, MN

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Jun 1, 4:45 PM CDTHail 1Canyon, MN
Jun 1, 5:05 PM CDTHail 0.75Duluth, MN

NCEI Storm Data entries that began inside the alert's area while it was in force. Before 2003 the local storm report archive is thin, so this is the record of what happened rather than what was phoned in.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Jun 1, 3:45 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC5 hr

The nearest sounding before it

International Fa, MN (KINL), launched 12:00Z, 9.2 hours before the alert went out and 126 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, International Fa, MN at 12:00Z on 1998-06-01Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, International Fa, MN at 12:00Z on 1998-06-01The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 56 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1066 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
67 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
56 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
585 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
TTAA00 KDLH 012112 RRA
TORDLH
MNC137-MNZ524-012215-

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DULUTH MN
412 PM CDT MON JUN 1 1998

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN DULUTH HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WARNING FOR...
  CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ST. LOUIS COUNTY INCLUDING ADJACENT COASTAL
  WATERS IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA

* UNTIL 515 PM CDT

* AT 410 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  TORNADO 35 MILES NORTHWEST OF DULUTH..>.NEAR ZIM... MOVING SOUTHEAST
  20 MPH.

* THE TORNADO IS EXPECTED TO BE NEAR...
  COTTON AND MELRUDE BY 420 PM

IF YOU ARE IN A MULTIPLE STORY BUILDING...GO TO A SMALL INTERIOR
ROOM AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

TOMALAK

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Duluth, MN wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Jun 1, 2:30 PM CDT, 1 hour 42 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jun 1, 2:30 PM CDT, 1 hour 42 minutes before
AREA FORECST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DULUTH MN
230 PM CDT MON JUN 1 1998

FORECAST FOCUS TONIGHT IS ON PRECIPITATION CHANCES AND SEVERE
POTENTIAL ACROSS SOUTHERN CWA.

ETA AND NGM IN GENERAL AGREEMENT BUT ETA HANDLING SHORTWAVE MOVING
INTO NORTHERN MONTANA BETTER THAN NGM AND ETA FORECASTING MORE QPF.
THE ETA IS ALSO FORECASTING MORE UNSTABLE CONDITIONS THIS AFTERNOON
AND EVENING WITH HIGHER SURFACE DEWPOINTS THAN NGM. SURFACE MAP
SHOWS THAT THE USUALLY MORE MOIST ETA IS UNDERFORECASTING DEWPOINTS
IN PARTS OF SOUTHERN MN CWA AT 18Z...THEY ARE IN THE LOWER TO MIDDLE
50S ATTM.

SOUTHWEST FLOW ADVECTING IN WARMER AIR AND HIGHER DEWPOINTS CAUSING
AIRMASS TO BECOME MORE UNSTABLE. 18Z SURFACE MAP SHOWING LOWER TO
MIDDLE 50S SURFACE DEWPOINTS ACROSS MUCH OF WESTERN AND SOUTHERN MN
CWA. SATELLITE AND LOOK OUT WINDOW SHOW CU/ACCAS DEVELOPED EARLY
THIS AFTERNOON AND LAPS DATA SHOWING LI/S FROM -2 IN SUPERIOR/DULUTH
AND SIREN TO -6 OVER SOUTHERN CASS CO. WITH CAPES RANGING FROM 1800
IN SOUTHERN CASS CO. TO 200 IN SUPERIOR/DULUTH. SIGNIFICANT H8 WARM
AIR ADVECTION(WAA) WASN/T SUPPLYING ENOUGH LIFT  TO CREATE
PRECIPITATION FURTHER SOUTH OF WARM FRONT...BUT LAST COUPLE OF RADAR
IMAGES SHOWING SHOWERS DEVELOPING. SIGNIFICANT LIFT WILL COME FROM VORT MAX
THAT WILL TRACK THROUGH NORTH DAKOTA THIS EVENING AND CONVERGENCE
ALONG LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM. THE SURFACE LOW SHOULD CONTINUE TO TRACK
SOUTHEAST AND 2 TO 4MB PRESSURE FALLS WERE OCCURRING ACROSS
MINNESOTA. IT APPEARS THIS EVENING WILL BE FAIRLY ACTIVE ACROSS
SOUTHERN CWA BUT BY 06Z MOST OF MN CWA GETS INTO CAA AND NW WI
STARTS CAA BEFORE 12Z.

FEEL WITH LOW WET BULB ZERO HEIGHTS...SUFFICIENT INSTABILITY...
GOOD CONVERGENCE AND LOW LEVEL SHEAR WITH FRONTAL SYSTEM...SEVERE
STORMS ARE POSSIBLE MAINLY SOUTH OF CASS LAKE TO DULUTH TO HURLEY.
THE STORMS SHOULD CONTINUE TO FIRE LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND CONTINUE
THIS EVENING.

FAN/FWC GUIDANCE TEMPERATURES CLOSE AND ACCEPTED.

MELDE

The office that day

Everything else NWS Duluth, MN issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jun 1, 3:19 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDLHItasca, Saint Louis61 min
Jun 1, 4:17 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDLHAitkin43 min
Jun 1, 4:30 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDLHCass65 min
Jun 1, 4:34 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDLHCarlton61 min
Jun 1, 4:47 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDLHAitkin, Crow Wing63 min
Jun 1, 5:11 PM CDTTornado WarningDLHCarlton, Saint Louis64 min
Jun 1, 5:36 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDLHCarlton64 min
Jun 1, 5:55 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDLHCass, Crow Wing60 min
Jun 1, 6:05 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDLHAitkin60 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Minnesota, 1998Every tornado warning in 1998Tornadoes in 1998

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; verification from NCEI's Storm Data; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.