Alert archive / Alabama / Tornado Warnings in 1991

Tornado Warning 19, NWS Jackson, MS

April 28, 1991Sumter County, Alabama

NWS Jackson, MS issued this tornado warning at Apr 28, 1991, 2:44 PM CDT for Sumter County, Alabama. It was in force for 46 min.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Apr 28, 1991, 2:44 PM CDT (19:44 UTC)
Expired
Apr 28, 1991, 3:30 PM CDT
In force
46 min
Issued by
NWS Jackson, MS
Area
Whole counties

County Sumter County, AL

The nearest sounding before it

Centreville/Bibb, AL (KCKL), launched 12:00Z, 7.7 hours before the alert went out and 100 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 12:00Z on 1991-04-28Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1688 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 12:00Z on 1991-04-28The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 159 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1688 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-5 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
596 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
56 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
159 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
197 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.8
Supercell composite
7.6

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
TTAA00 KMEI 281946
TORMEI
ALC119-282030-
 
BULLETIN - EBS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MERIDIAN MS
244 PM CDT SUN APR 28 1991
 
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MERIDIAN HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL  330 PM CDT
FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS...
 
IN WEST CENTRAL ALABAMA
 
   ...SUMTER COUNTY
 
AT 243 PM CDT RADAR INDICATED A POSSIBLE TORNADO 5 MILES NORTHWEST OF
LIVINGSTON ALABAMA MOVING NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH.
 
IF YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF A TORNADO...THE SAFEST PLACE IS A
BASEMENT.  GET UNDER A WORKBENCH OR PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE.
IF NO BASEMENT IS AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER IN AN INTERIOR ROOM
SUCH AS A CLOSET ON THE LOWEST FLOOR.  USE BLANKETS...PILLOWS...<
OR CUSHIONS TO COVER YOUR BODY.  AVOID WINDOWS.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Apr 28, 12:32 PM CDT, 2 hours 12 minutes before
MSZALL-281830-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT AND RADAR SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1225 PM CDT SUN APR 28 1991

SCATTERED STRONG THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUED OVER PARTS OF CENTRAL
MISSISSIPPI AT 1225 PM. THE STRONGER STORMS WERE OVER HINDS...LAWRENCE
...LEAKE AND SMITH COUNTIES.

THESE STRONG STORMS WILL LIKELY BE ACCOMPANIED BY BRIEF VERY HEAVY RAIN
...GUSTY WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MILES AN HOUR...FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND
LIGHTNING AND SMALL HAIL AS THEY MOVE EAST AT 20 TO 25 MILES AN HOUR.

ELSEWHERE PATCHES OF RAIN AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS WERE OVER MUCH OF
SOUTH AND EAST MISSISSIPPI.
Special weather statement, Apr 28, 1:26 PM CDT, 1 hour 18 minutes before
MSZALL-281930-

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT AND RADAR SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
120 PM CDT SUN APR 28 1991

SCATTERED STRONG THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUED OVER PARTS OF CENTRAL
MISSISSIPPI AT 115 PM. THE STRONGER STORMS WERE OVER SIMPSON...MADISON
AND EASTERN LEAKE COUNTIES.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 13- PM CDT FOR
LEAKE COUNTY. LARGE HAIL HAS BEEN REPORTED WITH THIS STORM IN LEAKE
COUNTY DURING THE PAST 30 MINUTES.

VERY HEAVY RAIN...STRONG GUSTY WINDS AND HAIL ARE POSSIBLE WITH THESE
STRONG STORMS AS THEY MOVE TO THE EAST AT 30 MILES AN HOUR.

ELSEWHERE PATCHES OF LIGHT RAIN AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUED
OVER MUCH OF SOUT AND EAST MISSISSIPPI.
Local storm report, Apr 28, 1:27 PM CDT, 1 hour 17 minutes before
LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MERIDIAN MS
125 PM CDT SUN APR 28 1991

110 PM...LAUDERDALE S.O. REPORTS TREES DOWN NEAR COLLINSVILLE AND DUFFY
         IN NORTHWEST LAUDERDALE COUNTY.
Local storm report, Apr 28, 1:34 PM CDT, 1 hour 10 minutes before
LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MERIDIAN MS
133 PM CDT SUN APR 28 1991

125 PM...LAUDERDALE CIVIL DEFENSE REPORTS NICKEL SIZE HAIL AT WEST
         LAUDERDALE SCHOOL.
Local storm report, Apr 28, 1:39 PM CDT, 1 hour 5 minutes before
LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MERIDIAN MS
138 PM CDT SUN APR 28 1991

135 PM...PHILADELPHIA P.D. REPORTS DIME SIZE HAIL IN CITY.

134 PM...NESHOBA C.D. REPORTS DIME SIZE HAIL 1 MILE NORTH OF
         PHILDELPHIA.
Special weather statement, Apr 28, 2:23 PM CDT, 21 minutes before
MSZALL-282030-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
222 PM CDT SUN APR 28 1991

TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 223 REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 900 PM CDT FOR MOST
OF THE SOUTHERN TWO THIRDS OF MISSISSIPPI. THE WATCH AREA COVERS ALL
OF THE STATE ALONG AND SOUTH OF A LINE FROM ROLLING FORK TO YAZOO CITY
TO PHILADELPHIA.

AT 215 PM CDT JACKSON RADAR INDICATED VERY STRONG STORMS IN CENTRAL
MISSISSIPPI OVER YAZOO AND SHARKEY COUNTIES...AND IN SOUTH MISSISSIPPI
OVER FRANKLIN...LINCOLN AND LAWRENCE COUNTIES.

THESE STORMS CONTINUE TO INCREASE IN INTENSITY...AND WILL BE
ACCOMPANIED BY STRONG GUSTY WINDS IN EXCESS OF 45 MILES AN
HOUR...BRIEF TORRENTIAL RAIN...FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNINGT AND
HAIL AS THEY MOVE TO THE NORTHEAST AT 30 MILES AN HOUR.

ELSEHWERE PATCHES OF LIGHT RAIN AND WIDELY SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS
CONTINUED OVER MUCH OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH MISSISSIPPI.

The office that day

Everything else NWS Jackson, MS issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 28, 11:01 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANSumter44 min
Apr 28, 2:33 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANSumter42 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Alabama, 1991Every tornado warning in 1991Tornadoes in 1991

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.