Alert archive / Alabama / Tornado Warnings in 1991

Tornado Warning 15, NWS Birmingham, AL

April 29, 1991Hale County, Alabama

NWS Birmingham, AL issued this tornado warning at Apr 29, 1991, 7:58 AM CDT for Hale County, Alabama. It was in force for 32 min.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Apr 29, 1991, 7:58 AM CDT (12:58 UTC)
Expired
Apr 29, 1991, 8:30 AM CDT
In force
32 min
Issued by
NWS Birmingham, AL
Area
Whole counties

County Hale County, AL

The nearest sounding before it

Centreville/Bibb, AL (KCKL), launched 12:00Z, 1.0 hours before the alert went out and 43 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 12:00Z on 1991-04-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1218 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 12:00Z on 1991-04-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 357 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1218 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-13 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
639 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
57 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
357 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
397 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
3.0
Supercell composite
10.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
TTAA00 KBHM 291259
TORBHM
ALC065-291330-
 
BULLETIN - EBS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BIRMINGHAM AL
758 AM CDT MON APR 29 1991
 
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BIRMINGHAM HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL  830 AM CDT
FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATION...
 
IN SOUTH ALABAMA
 
   ...HALE COUNTY
 
NWS RADAR INDICATED A POSSIBLE TORNADO IN SOUTHERN HALE COUNTY MOVING
TOWARD THE NORTHEAST AT NEAR 40 MILES AN HOUR.  THIS PATH WILL TAKE THIS
STORM INTO THE VICINITY OF GREENSBORO.
 
IF YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF A TORNADO...THE SAFEST PLACE IS A
BASEMENT.  GET UNDER A WORKBENCH OR PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE.
IF NO BASEMENT IS AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER IN AN INTERIOR ROOM
SUCH FAS A CLOSET ON THE LOWEST FLOOR.  USE BLANKETS...PILLOWS...
OR CUSHIONS TO COVER YOUR BODY.  AVOID WINDOWS.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Apr 29, 3:08 AM CDT, 4 hours 50 minutes before
ALZ004>009-011-291000-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BIRMINGHAM AL
305 AM CDT MON APR 29 1991

...A TORNADO WATCH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM CDT FOR PORTIONS OF
NORTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL ALABAMA...

AT 3 AM RADAR INDICATED A LARGE AREA OF LIGHT RAIN AND A FEW
THUNDERSHOWERS FROM MUSCLE SHOALS ALABAMA SOUTHWEST TO JACKSON
MISSISSIPPI.  THE RAIN WAS MOVING NORTHEAST AROUND 45 MPH AND WILL
MAINLY AFFECT THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF ALABAMA FOR THE NEXT SEVERAL
HOURS.

THUNDERSTORMS WERE INCREASING OVER WEST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI AND MOVING
RAPIDLY NORTHEASTWARD.  FOR THIS REASON...THE TORNADAO WATCH WAS ISSUED
TO INCLUDE NORTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL ALABAMA.  HOWEVER THESE STORMS ARE
NOT EXPECTED TO MOVE INTO ALABAMA UNTIL LATER THIS MORNING.

STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER UPDATES AND STATEMENTS
FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.
Special weather statement, Apr 29, 5:13 AM CDT, 2 hours 45 minutes before
ALZ004>009-011-291200-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BIRMINGHAM AL
512 AM CDT MON APR 29 1991

...A TORNADO WATCH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM CDT FOR PORTIONS OF
NORTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL ALABAMA...

AT 5 AM RADAR INDICATED A LARGE AREA OF LIGHT RAIN AND SCATTERED
THUNDERSTORMS FROM MUSCLE SHOALS ALABAMA SOUTHWEST TO JACKSON
MISSISSIPPI.  THE STRONGEST STORMS WERE MOVING INTO LAMAR AND MARION
COUNTIES.  RADAR DETECTED THAT THESE STORMS WERE LIKELY PRODUCING
SOME SMALL HAIL.

STRONG GUSTY WINDS CAN ALSO BE EXPECTED WITH THE STORMS AS THEY MOVE
NORTHEAST AROUND 45 MPH.

STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER UPDATES AND STATEMENTS
FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.H
Special weather statement, Apr 29, 6:20 AM CDT, 1 hour 38 minutes before
ALZ004>009-011-291300-

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BIRMINGHAM AL
620 AM CDT MON APR 29 1991

...A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM CDT FOR PORTIONS OF
NORTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL ALABAMA...
...A FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS ALSO IN EFFECT TODAY FOR PORTIONS OF
NORTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL ALABAMA...

AT 6 AM RADAR INDICATED A LARGE AREA OF RAIN AND SCATTERED
THUNDERSTORMS FROM MUSCLE SHOALS ALABAMA SOUTHWEST TO JACKSON
MISSISSIPPI.  THE STRONGEST STORMS HAD FORMED A LINE FROM MUSCLE SHOALS
SOUTH TO FAYETTE.  THIS LINE WAS MOVING RAPIDLY EASTWARD THROUGH
FRANKLIN...MARION AND FAYETTE COUNTIES AND WILL SOON BE AFFECTING SUCH
TOWNS AS HALEYVILLE...DOUBLE SPRINGS AND JASPER.

STRONG GUSTY WINDS...HEAVY RAIN AND SMALL HAIL CAN BE EXPECTED WITH
THESE STORMS.

STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER UPDATES AND STATEMENTS
FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

The office that day

Everything else NWS Birmingham, AL issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 29, 7:15 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXLimestone, Madison60 min
Apr 29, 7:15 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXLimestone33 min
Apr 29, 7:30 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXJefferson45 min
Apr 29, 7:50 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXGreene, Hale, Marengo40 min
Apr 29, 8:16 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXShelby44 min
Apr 29, 8:19 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXPerry35 min
Apr 29, 8:25 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXSt. Clair29 min
Apr 29, 8:53 AM CDTTornado WarningBMXDeKalb67 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Alabama, 1991Every tornado warning in 1991Tornadoes in 1991

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.