Alert archive / Alabama / Tornado Warnings in 1988

Tornado Warning 22, NWS Birmingham, AL

November 4, 1988Jefferson County, Alabama

NWS Birmingham, AL issued this tornado warning at Nov 4, 1988, 5:37 PM CST for Jefferson County, Alabama. It was in force for 53 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Nov 4, 1988, 5:37 PM CST (23:37 UTC)
Expired
Nov 4, 1988, 6:30 PM CST
In force
53 min
Issued by
NWS Birmingham, AL
Area
Whole counties

County Jefferson County, AL

The radar

The WSR-88D network and its archive begin in 1991, so there is no radar volume for this alert.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Nov 4, 5:40 PM CSTThunderstorm Wind 0Jefferson, AL

NCEI Storm Data entries that began inside the alert's area while it was in force. Before 2003 the local storm report archive is thin, so this is the record of what happened rather than what was phoned in. Storm Data before 1996 records only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail.

The nearest sounding before it

Centreville/Bibb, AL (KCKL), launched 12:00Z, 11.6 hours before the alert went out and 78 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 12:00Z on 1988-11-04Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 4 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Centreville/Bibb, AL at 12:00Z on 1988-11-04The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 147 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
4 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-155 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
926 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
28 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
147 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
145 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.3

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
TTAA00 KBHM 042338
TORBHM
ALC073-050030-
 
BULLETIN - EBS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BIRMINGHAM AL
537 PM CST FRI NOV 4 1988
 
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BIRMINGHAM HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL  630 PM CST
FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING COUNTY...
 
IN NORTH ALABAMA
          ...JEFFERSON
 
AT 537 PM CST RADAR INDICATED A POSSIBLE TORNADO IN WESTERN JEFFERSON
COUNTY IN THE BIRMINGPORT...OAK GROVE AREA. THIS STORM WAS MOVING TO
THE EAST AT 30 MPH.
 
 
IF YOU LIVE IN A HOME OR APARTMENT...SEEK SHELTER IN THE
INNERMOST PORTION OF THE BUILDING ON THE LOWEST FLOOR.  GET TO
A BASEMENT IF ONE IS AVAILABLE.  AVOID WINDOWS AND PROTECT YOUR
BODY FROM FLYING DEBRIS *WITH CUSHIONS...BLANKETS...OR PILLOWS.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Nov 4, 12:49 PM CST, 4 hours 48 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BIRMINGHAM AL
1250 PM CST FRI NOV 4 1988

      ...SEVERE WEATHER REMAINS A THREAT FOR ALABAMA...

A MAJOR STORM SYSTEM CONTINUES TO DEVELOP OVER THE LOWER AND MIDDLE
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND IS EXPECTED TO RAPIDLY PUSH INTO ALABAMA
LATER TODAY. EVEN THOUGH ISOLATED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MAY OCCUR
IN ALABAMA THIS AFTERNOON...BEST INDICATIONS ARE THAT MORE WIDESPREAD
SEVERE WEATHER WILL DEVELOP LATE THIfS AFTERNOON OR TONIGHT.

YOU ARE URGED TO REVIEW SEVERE WEATHER SAFETY RULES...AND TO MONITOR
NOAA WEATHER RADIO...COMMERCIAL RADIO..OR TV FOR LATER STATEMENTS...
AND POSSIBLE WATCHES OR WARNINGS.
Local storm report, Nov 4, 1:22 PM CST, 4 hours 15 minutes before
STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BIRMINGHAM AL
120 PM CST NOV 4 1988

...AT 105PM CST...A PORTION OF A NURSING HOME ROOF BLOWN OFF AT
   CENTRE, ALABAMA. NO INJURIES REPORTED. SOME POWER LINES AND A FEW
   TREES WERE ALSO BLOWN DOWN. REPORT FROM GADSDEN EMA AND CENTRE PD.
Special weather statement, Nov 4, 2:46 PM CST, 2 hours 51 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTGOMERY AL
345 PM CST FRI NOV 4 1988

THUNDERSTORMS CONTINUE TO ERUPT OVER SOUTH CENTRAL AND SOUTH ALABAMA...
WEATHER RADAR SHOWED NUMEROUS THUNDERSTORMS...SOME QUITE STRONG
SCATTERED OVER THE SOUTH CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AREAS OF THE STATE.

HEAVIEST THUNDERSTORMS...SOME WITH SMALL HAIL... WERE OVER TALLAPOOSA...
LEE AND PIKE COUNTIES. AT 2 25PM CST PEA SIZE HAIL WAS REPORTED JUST
EAST OF TUSKEGEE IN MACON COUNTY.
THE HEAVIER THUNDERSTORMS ARE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING STRONG GUSTY SURFACE
WINDS...INTENSE LIGHTNING AND SMALL HAIL.

PERSONS IN SOUTH ALABAMA SHOULD REMAIN ON THE ALERT AS THE POTENTIAL
FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEVERE WEATHER REMAINS FCOR THE REST OF THE AFTERNOON
AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR STAY TUNED
TO THE LOCAL MEDIA STATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
Special weather statement, Nov 4, 3:12 PM CST, 2 hours 25 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BIRMINGHAM AL
300 PM CST FRI NOV 4 1988

...TORNADO WATCH IN EFFECT FOR PORTIONS OF NORTH AND WEST ALABAMA...

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR MUCH OF NORTH AND WEST ALABAMA
UNTIL 800 PM CST THIS EVENING. STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WERE ALREADY
SCATTERED ACROSS ALABAMA WITH EVEN STRONGER STORMS ON THE WAY.

AT 310 PM CST...RADAR INDICATED THAT THE STRONGEST THUNDERSTORMS IN
CENTRAL ALABAMA WERE LOCATED IN SOUTHERN FAYETTE...NORTHERN PICKENS
...AND SOUTHERN LAMAR COUNTIES. OTHER STRONG STORMS WERE LOCATED IN
SHELBY COUNTY JUST WEST OF ALABASTER AND RANDOLPH COUNTY JUST EAST
OF WADLEY.

PEA SIZE HAIL HAS ALREADY BEEN REPORTED IN CENTERPOINT JsUST NORTHEAST
OF BIRMINGHAM. YOU SHOULD MONITOR NOAA WEATHER RADIO...COMMERCIAL
RADIO..OR TV FOR LATER STATEMENTS...AND POSSIBLE WATCHES OR WARNINGS.
Special weather statement, Nov 4, 5:22 PM CST, 15 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MONTGOMERY AL
530 PM CST FRI NOV 4 1988

A TORNADO WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR A LARGE PART OF ALABAMA UNTIL 11PM
CST...
AT 5 30PM CST WEATHER RADAR SHOWED SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS...A FEW
OF THEM STRONG AND CONTAINING GUSTY WINDS...HEAVY RAIN AND SOME HAIL
OVER EAST CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST ALABAMA. THE STORMS WERE MOVING TOWARD
THE EAST NORTHEAST AT ABOUT 20 MPH.

TO THE NORTHWEST A LINE OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WAS LOCATED FROM NORTH
OF BIRMINGHAM SOUTHWESTWARD INTO MISSISSIPPI NEAR MERIDIAN. THE LINE
WAS MOVING TOWARD THE EAST SLOWLY. NUMEROUS WARNINGS AND REPORTS OF
SEVERE WEATHER HAVE BEEN NOTED WITH THIS LINE.
PERSONS IN SOUTH ALABAMA SHOULD REMAIN ON THE ALERT AS THE POTENTIAL
FOR SEVERE WEATHER AND POSSIBLE TORNADOES REMAINS HIGH FOR THIS EVENING
AND EARLIER TONIGHT.
IN ADDITION SEVERAL REPORTS OF SMALL HAIL OVER MONTGOMERY...LOWNDES AND
COVINGTON COUNTIES WERE RECORDED BETWEEN 4 10 AND 4 40PM CST.

The office that day

Everything else NWS Birmingham, AL issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Nov 4, 1:09 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXCherokee51 min
Nov 4, 3:12 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXLamar, Pickens48 min
Nov 4, 3:25 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXColbert, Franklin65 min
Nov 4, 4:05 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXFayette, Tuscaloosa40 min
Nov 4, 4:09 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXPerry51 min
Nov 4, 4:14 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXPickens61 min
Nov 4, 4:14 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXColbert, Lauderdale61 min
Nov 4, 4:22 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXTuscaloosa53 min
Nov 4, 4:32 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXFayette43 min
Nov 4, 4:46 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXTuscaloosa44 min
Nov 4, 4:47 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXLauderdale58 min
Nov 4, 4:50 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXJefferson55 min
Nov 4, 4:50 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXColbert55 min
Nov 4, 4:54 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXWalker66 min
Nov 4, 5:01 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXGreene, Pickens59 min
Nov 4, 5:01 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXLawrence53 min
Nov 4, 5:15 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXFranklin60 min
Nov 4, 5:25 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXLimestone65 min
Nov 4, 5:32 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXBibb, Hale, Tuscaloosa58 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Alabama, 1988Every tornado warning in 1988Tornadoes in 1988

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; verification from NCEI's Storm Data; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.